Potential toxicity of polystyrene microplastic particles

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 10(1)

Published: April 30, 2020

Abstract Environmental pollution arising from plastic waste is a major global concern. Plastic macroparticles, microparticles, and nanoparticles have the potential to affect marine ecosystems human health. It generally accepted that microplastic particles are not harmful or at best minimal However direct contact with may possible adverse effect in cellular level. Primary polystyrene (PS) were focus of this study, we investigated impacts these microplastics on health We determined PS immune stimulants induced cytokine chemokine production size-dependent concentration-dependent manner.

Language: Английский

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Predicting cancer outcomes with radiomics and artificial intelligence in radiology

Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 19(2), P. 132 - 146

Published: Oct. 18, 2021

Language: Английский

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Microplastics in marine mammals stranded around the British coast: ubiquitous but transitory?

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 9(1)

Published: Jan. 31, 2019

Plastic pollution represents a pervasive and increasing threat to marine ecosystems worldwide there is need better understand the extent which microplastics (<5 mm) are ingested by high trophic-level taxa, such as mammals. Here, we perform comprehensive assessment examining whole digestive tracts of 50 individuals from 10 species whilst operating strict contamination controls. Microplastics were ubiquitous with particles detected in every animal examined. The relatively low number per (mean = 5.5) suggests these transitory. Stomachs, however, found contain greater than intestines, indicating potential site temporary retention. majority fibres (84%) while remaining 16% was fragments. Particles mainly blue black (42.5% 26.4%) colour Nylon most prevalent (60%) polymer type. A possible relationship between cause death category microplastic abundance, that animals died due infectious diseases had slightly higher those trauma other drivers mortality. It not possible, draw any firm conclusions on biological significance this observation further research required chronic effects exposure health, particularly mammals widely considered important sentinels for implications environment.

Language: Английский

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A Review of Psychophysiological Measures to Assess Cognitive States in Real-World Driving

Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: March 19, 2019

As driving functions become increasingly automated, motorists run the risk of becoming cognitively removed from process. Psychophysiological measures may provide added value not captured through behavioral or self-report alone. This paper provides a selective review psychophysiological that can be utilized to assess cognitive states in real-world environments. First, importance within context traffic safety is discussed. Next, most commonly used physiology-based indices are considered as potential candidates relevant for research. These include: electroencephalography and event-related potentials, optical imaging, heart rate variability, blood pressure, skin conductance, electromyography, thermal pupillometry. For each these measures, an overview provided, followed by discussion methods measuring it context. Drawing recent empirical psychophysiology research, relative strengths limitations measure discussed highlight measures' unique value. Challenges recommendations valid reliable quantification lab (less predictable) settings considered. Finally, we discuss better near real-time assessment motorists' applied outside lab. synthesizes literature on in-vehicle advance development effective human-machine interfaces driver support systems.

Language: Английский

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Dose–Response Matters! – A Perspective on the Exercise Prescription in Exercise–Cognition Research

Frontiers in Psychology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 10

Published: Nov. 1, 2019

In general, it is well-recognized that both acute physical exercises and regular training influence brain plasticity cognitive functions positively. However, growing evidence shows the same induce very heterogeneous outcomes across individuals. an attempt to better understand this interindividual heterogeneity in response exercising, most research, so far, has focused on non-modifiable factors such as sex different genotypes, while relatively little attention been paid exercise prescription a modifiable factor. With adapted dosage can be made comparable individuals, procedure which necessary dose-response relationship exercise-cognition research. This improved understanding of relationships could help design more efficient approaches against, for instance, decline.

Language: Английский

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Virtual Reality for Neurorehabilitation and Cognitive Enhancement

Brain Sciences, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 11(2), P. 221 - 221

Published: Feb. 11, 2021

Our access to computer-generated worlds changes the way we feel, how think, and solve problems. In this review, explore utility of different types virtual reality, immersive or non-immersive, for providing controllable, safe environments that enable individual training, neurorehabilitation, even replacement lost functions. The neurobiological effects reality on neuronal plasticity have been shown result in increased cortical gray matter volumes, higher concentration electroencephalographic beta-waves, enhanced cognitive performance. Clinical application is aided by innovative brain–computer interfaces, which allow direct tapping into electric activity generated brain areas precise voluntary control connected robotic devices. Virtual also valuable healthy individuals as a narrative medium redesigning their stories an integrative process self-improvement personal development. Future upgrades reality-based technologies promise help humans transcend limitations biological bodies augment capacity mold physical better meet needs globalized world.

Language: Английский

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A narrative review of immersive virtual reality’s ergonomics and risks at the workplace: cybersickness, visual fatigue, muscular fatigue, acute stress, and mental overload

Virtual Reality, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 27(1), P. 19 - 50

Published: July 16, 2022

Abstract This narrative review synthesizes and introduces 386 previous works about virtual reality-induced symptoms effects by focusing on cybersickness, visual fatigue, muscle acute stress, mental overload. Usually, these VRISE are treated independently in the literature, although reality is increasingly considered an option to replace PCs at workplace, which encourages us consider them all once. We emphasize context of office-like tasks VR, gathering 57 articles meeting our inclusion/exclusion criteria. Cybersickness symptoms, influenced fifty factors, could prevent workers from using VR. It studied but requires more research reach a theoretical consensus. VR can lead fatigue than other screen uses, fifteen mainly due vergence-accommodation conflicts. side effect testing clarification how it differs cybersickness. provoke musculoskeletal discomfort, depending interactions. stress technostress, task difficulty, time pressure, public speaking. also potentially leads overload, load, intrinsically interaction interface environment. propose agenda tackle ergonomics risks issues workplace.

Language: Английский

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Towards objective human performance measurement for maritime safety: A new psychophysiological data-driven machine learning method

Reliability Engineering & System Safety, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 233, P. 109103 - 109103

Published: Jan. 18, 2023

Human errors significantly contribute to transport accidents. performance measurement (HPM) is crucial ensure human reliability and reduce errors. However, how address the subjective bias introduced by assessors in HPM seafarer certification remains a key research challenge. This paper aims develop new psychophysiological data-driven machine learning method realize effective maritime sector. It conducts experiments using functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) technology compares of two groups case (i.e. experienced inexperienced seafarers terms different qualifications certificates), via an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model. The results have generated insightful implications contributions, including (1) introduction objective criterion for monitor, assess, support training authorities; (2) quantification response under specific missions, which serves as index shipping company evaluate reliability; (3) supportive tool complex emerging systems (e.g. Maritime Autonomous Surface Ship (MASS)) design ship manufactures shipbuilders.

Language: Английский

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Cognitive Effort during Visuospatial Problem Solving in Physical Real World, on Computer Screen, and in Virtual Reality

Sensors, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 24(3), P. 977 - 977

Published: Feb. 2, 2024

Spatial cognition plays a crucial role in academic achievement, particularly science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) domains. Immersive virtual environments (VRs) have the growing potential to reduce cognitive load improve spatial reasoning. However, traditional methods struggle assess mental effort required for visuospatial processes due difficulty verbalizing actions other limitations self-reported evaluations. In this neuroergonomics study, we aimed capture neural activity associated with workload during tasks evaluate impact of visualization medium on task performance. We utilized functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) wearable neuroimaging spatial-reasoning-based problem-solving compared VR, computer screen, physical real-world presentation. Our results reveal higher efficiency prefrontal cortex (PFC) 3D geometry puzzles VR settings world screen. appears by facilitating providing visual cues. This makes it valuable tool training, especially beginners. Additionally, our multimodal approach allows progressively increasing complexity, maintaining challenge throughout training. study underscores developing skills highlights value comparing brain data human interaction across different training settings.

Language: Английский

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Flow and Immersion in Video Games: The Aftermath of a Conceptual Challenge

Frontiers in Psychology, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 9

Published: Sept. 5, 2018

One of the most pleasurable aspects video games is their ability to induce immersive experiences. However, there appears be a tentative conceptualization what an experience is. In this short review, we specifically focus on terms flow and immersion, as they are widely used applied definitions in game literature, whilst differences remain disputable. We critically review concepts separately proceed with comparison proposed differences. conclude that immersion do not substantially differ current studies more evidence needed justify separation.

Language: Английский

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