Environmental Pollution,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
324, P. 121374 - 121374
Published: Feb. 27, 2023
Riverine
fish
in
densely
populated
areas
is
constantly
exposed
to
wastewater-borne
contaminants
from
effluent
discharges.
These
can
enter
the
organism
through
skin,
gills
or
by
ingestion.
Whereas
most
studies
assessing
contaminant
burden
have
focused
either
on
muscle
a
limited
set
of
tissues.
Here
we
out
generate
more
comprehensive
overview
distribution
pollutants
across
tissues
analyzing
panel
matrices
including
liver,
kidney,
brain,
muscle,
heart,
plasma
and
bile.
To
achieve
broad
analyte
coverage
with
minimal
bias
towards
specific
class,
sample
extracts
four
species
were
analyzed
High-Performance
Liquid
Chromatography
(HPLC)
-
high-resolution
mass
spectrometry
(HRMS)
for
presence
600
pharmaceutically
active
compounds
(PhACs)
known
environmental
relevance
river
water
suspect-screening
analysis.
A
total
30
detected
suspect
screening
at
least
one
clear
prevalence
antidepressants.
Of
these,
15
confidence
level
2.a
(Schymanski
scale),
1
following
confirmation
authentic
standards,
which
furthermore
enabled
their
quantification.
The
PhACs
confirmed
included
acridone,
acetaminophen,
caffeine,
clarithromycin,
codeine,
diazepam,
diltiazem,
fluoxetine,
ketoprofen,
loratadine,
metoprolol,
sertraline,
sotalol,
trimethoprim,
venlafaxine.
Among
these
substances,
sertraline
stood
as
it
displayed
highest
detection
frequency.
values
tissue
partition
coefficients
brain
correlated
its
physicochemical
properties.
Based
inter-matrix
comparison
frequencies,
skin
heart
should
be
biomonitoring
riverine
fish.
Journal of Hazardous Materials,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
424, P. 127284 - 127284
Published: Sept. 22, 2021
Pharmaceuticals
and
personal
care
products
(PPCPs)
are
found
in
wastewater,
thus,
the
environment.
In
this
study,
current
knowledge
about
occurrence
fate
of
PPCPs
aquatic
systems-including
wastewater
treatment
plants
(WWTPs)
natural
waters
around
world-is
critically
reviewed
to
inform
state
science
highlight
existing
gaps.
Excretion
by
humans
is
primary
route
entry
into
municipal
systems,
but
significant
contributions
also
occur
through
emissions
from
hospitals,
manufacturers,
agriculture.
Abundance
raw
influenced
several
factors,
including
population
density
demography
served
WWTPs,
presence
hospitals
drugs
manufacturers
sewershed,
disease
burden
served,
local
regulations,
climatic
conditions.
Based
on
data
obtained
analgesics,
antibiotics,
stimulants
(e.g.,
caffeine)
most
abundant
wastewater.
conventional
removal
occurs
during
secondary
treatment,
overall
exceeds
90%
for
treatable
PPCPs.
Regardless,
total
PPCP
mass
discharged
with
effluent
an
average
WWTP
receiving
(7.35-20,160
g/day)
still
considerable,
because
potential
adverse
effects
some
(such
as
ibuprofen)
organisms
within
measured
concentrations
surface
waters.
Environmental Chemistry Letters,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
20(6), P. 3883 - 3904
Published: Aug. 17, 2022
Abstract
Almost
all
aspects
of
society
from
food
security
to
disease
control
and
prevention
have
benefited
pharmaceutical
personal
care
products,
yet
these
products
are
a
major
source
contamination
that
ends
up
in
wastewater
ecosystems.
This
issue
has
been
sharply
accentuated
during
the
coronavirus
pandemic
2019
(COVID-19)
due
higher
use
disinfectants
other
products.
Here
we
review
with
focus
on
their
occurrence
environment,
detection,
risk,
removal.
Journal of Hazardous Materials Advances,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
9, P. 100206 - 100206
Published: Nov. 21, 2022
Pharmaceuticals
and
personal
care
products
(PPCPs)
are
distinct
group
of
chemicals,
specifically
referred
to
as
emerging
environmental
contaminants
because
their
intrinsic
capacity
trigger
diverse
physiological
effects
in
humans.
Numerous
research
investigations
have
confirmed
the
existence
PPCPs
matrices,
which
provokes
worry
about
prospective
severe
implications
biodiversity
For
this
reason,
manuscript
reviews
present
state-of-the-art
information
on
aquatic
environment.
The
environment
risk
associated
with
abundance
was
established
based
occurrence,
toxicity,
bioaccumulation.
Existing
regarding
sources,
migration,
degradation
these
provided.
Subsequently,
a
comprehensive
concerning
global
concentration
also
Carbamazepine
appears
be
most
persistent
judging
from
reports
literature
different
treatment
strategies.
A
combined
strategy
is
recommended
for
improved
removal
efficiency
media
especially
PPCPs.
combination
microbial
other
technologies
will
effective
eradication.
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health,
Journal Year:
2019,
Volume and Issue:
16(17), P. 3026 - 3026
Published: Aug. 21, 2019
PPCPs
are
found
almost
everywhere
in
the
environment
especially
at
an
alarming
rate
and
very
low
concentration
aquatic
systems.
Many
methods—including
pressurized
hot
water
extraction
(PHWE),
liquid
(PLE),
ultrasound-assisted
(UAE),
micro-assisted
(MAE)—have
been
employed
for
their
from
both
surface
waters
biota.
Solid-phase
(SPE)
proved
to
be
best
method
these
polar,
non-volatile,
thermally
unstable
compounds
water.
However,
ultrasonic
works
better
isolation
sediment
because
it
is
cheap
consumes
less
solvent,
even
though
SPE
preferred
as
a
clean-up
samples.
groups
of—acidic
(e.g.,
diclofenac,
ibuprofen,
naproxen),
neutral
caffeine,
carbamazepine,
fluoxetine),
basic
pharmaceuticals,
well
antibiotics
estrogens
amongst
others.
which
present
trace
levels
(ng/L)
more
often
determined
by
chromatography-mass
spectrometry
(LC-MS),
gas
(GC-MS),
high-performance
chromatography-ultraviolent
(HPLC-UV).
Of
these,
LC-MS
LC-MS-MS
mostly
analysis
of
this
class
compounds,
not
without
draw-back
matrix
effect.
GC-MS
GC-MS-MS
considered
alternative
cost-effective
methods
that
can
also
give
results
after
derivatization.
Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
4, P. 50 - 66
Published: Dec. 3, 2021
Environmental
ubiquity
of
pharmaceuticals
has
stimulated
a
lot
societal
and
global
concerns.
The
occurrence
in
the
environment
differs
from
country
to
depending
on
extent
consumption
monitoring.
Most
studies
reporting
are
conducted
coastal
regions
with
numerous
articles
reviews
reported
developed
countries.
current
review
reports
inland
waters
major
focus
devoted
developing
countries
Africa
Asia.
was
further
dedicated
sources
distribution
mechanisms,
which
contribute
greatly
their
environment.
Antibiotics
non-steroidal
anti-inflammatory
drugs
(NSAIDs)
most
African
waters.
For
example,
an
antibiotic
(sulfamethoxazole)
detected
more
than
four
highest
concentrations
reaching
53.8–56.6
μg
L−1
Kenya
Mozambique.
Furthermore,
amoxicillin
ranging
0.087–272.2
were
Nigeria.
Ibuprofen,
is
NSAID
at
67.9
58.7
Durban
city
Msunduzi
River
(KwaZulu-Natal,
South
Africa),
respectively.
However,
concentration
antiretroviral
drug
(lamivudine)
up
167
found
surface
water
samples
collected
Nairobi
Kisumu
city,
Kenya.
In
Asian
countries,
antibiotics
365.05
samples.
other
comparably
below
environmental
Health
risks
associated
fate
critically
reviewed.
Sample
preparation
techniques
analytical
instruments
necessary
for
also
concluding
remarks
based
deliberating
possible
future
prospects
within
research
expertise.
Water,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
13(9), P. 1159 - 1159
Published: April 22, 2021
The
procedures
for
analyzing
pharmaceuticals
and
personal
care
products
(PPCPs)
are
typically
tedious
expensive
thus,
it
is
necessary
to
synthesize
all
available
information
from
previously
conducted
research.
An
extensive
collection
of
PPCP
data
the
published
literature
was
compiled
determine
occurrence,
pathways,
effectiveness
current
treatment
technologies
removal
PPCPs
in
water
wastewater.
Approximately
90%
papers
originated
Asia,
Europe,
North
American
regions.
incomplete
different
wastewater
processes
widely
reported,
thus
resulting
occurrence
compounds
various
environmental
compartments.
Caffeine,
carbamazepine,
diclofenac,
ibuprofen,
triclosan,
triclocarban
were
among
most
commonly
reported
detected
solid
matrices.
Trace
concentrations
also
on
plants
animal
tissues,
indicating
bioaccumulative
properties
some
compounds.
A
significant
lack
studies
regarding
presence
plant
samples
identified
review.
Furthermore,
there
still
knowledge
gaps
ecotoxicity,
sub-lethal
effects,
effective
PPCPs.
this
study
can
be
used
devise
a
more
research
paradigm
guidelines
management.