Impacts of climate change on cetacean distribution, habitat and migration

Climate Change Ecology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 1, P. 100009 - 100009

Published: June 19, 2021

Climatic changes have had significant impacts on marine ecosystems, including apex predators such as cetaceans. A more complete understanding of the potential climate change cetaceans is necessary to ensure their conservation. Here we present a review literature cetacean distribution, habitat and migrations highlight research gaps. Our results indicate that due rising sea surface temperatures (SSTs) and/or reducing ice extent, variety migration been observed date several are predicted occur over next century. Many species demonstrated poleward shift, following preferred SSTs higher latitudes, some altered timing migrations, while others appear not be affected. These may benefit certain species, will placed under extreme pressure face increased risk extinction. Broader implications include inter-specific competition, genetic alterations, ecosystem-level conservation challenges. Existing topic both extremely limited unevenly distributed (geographically phylogenetically). Further determine which populations most vulnerable require earliest action.

Language: Английский

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Unlocking the potential of deep learning for marine ecology: overview, applications, and outlook

ICES Journal of Marine Science, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 79(2), P. 319 - 336

Published: Dec. 9, 2021

Abstract The deep learning (DL) revolution is touching all scientific disciplines and corners of our lives as a means harnessing the power big data. Marine ecology no exception. New methods provide analysis data from sensors, cameras, acoustic recorders, even in real time, ways that are reproducible rapid. Off-the-shelf algorithms find, count, classify species digital images or video detect cryptic patterns noisy These endeavours require collaboration across ecological science disciplines, which can be challenging to initiate. To promote use DL towards ecosystem-based management sea, this paper aims bridge gap between marine ecologists computer scientists. We insight into popular approaches for analysis, focusing on supervised techniques with neural networks, illustrate challenges opportunities through established emerging applications ecology. present case studies plankton, fish, mammals, pollution, nutrient cycling involve object detection, classification, tracking, segmentation visualized conclude broad outlook field’s challenges, including potential technological advances issues managing complex sets.

Language: Английский

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A review of climate change effects on marine mammals in United States waters: Past predictions, observed impacts, current research and conservation imperatives

Climate Change Ecology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 3, P. 100054 - 100054

Published: Feb. 19, 2022

We consider the current evidence of climate change effects on marine mammals that occur in U.S. waters relative to past predictions. Compelling cases such have been documented, though few studies confirmed population-level impacts abundance or vital rates. While many observed had predicted, some unforeseen and relatively acute consequences also documented. Effects often when climate-induced alterations are superimposed upon mammals' ecological (e.g., predator-prey) relationships coincident human activities. As they were unanticipated, unpredicted strained ability existing conservation management systems respond effectively. The literature is replete with suggestive mammals, but which remain unconfirmed. This uncertainty partially explained by insufficient research monitoring designed reveal connections. Detecting mitigating will require realignment priorities, coupled rapid flexible includes both conventional novel interventions.

Language: Английский

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Decadal migration phenology of a long-lived Arctic icon keeps pace with climate change

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 119(45)

Published: Oct. 24, 2022

Animals migrate in response to seasonal environments, reproduce, benefit from resource pulses, or avoid fluctuating hazards. Although climate change is predicted modify migration, only a few studies date have demonstrated phenological shifts marine mammals. In the Arctic, mammals are considered among most sensitive ongoing due their narrow habitat preferences and long life spans. Longevity may prove an obstacle for species evolutionarily respond. For that exhibit high site fidelity strong associations with migration routes, adjusting timing of one recourses available respond changing climate. Here, we demonstrate evidence significant delays narwhal autumn migrations satellite tracking data spanning 21 y Canadian Arctic. Measures phenology varied annually were explained by sex drivers associated ice conditions, suggesting narwhals adopting strategic tactics. Male found lead out summering areas, while females, potentially dependent young, departed later. Narwhals remaining longer summer areas at rate 10 d per decade, similar observed climate-driven sea loss across region. The consequences altered space use yet be evaluated but will expose individuals increasing natural changes anthropogenic activities on areas.

Language: Английский

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Marine Pelagic Ecosystem Responses to Climate Variability and Change

BioScience, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 72(9), P. 827 - 850

Published: Aug. 16, 2022

abstract The marine coastal region makes up just 10% of the total area global ocean but contributes nearly 20% its primary production and over 80% fisheries landings. Unicellular phytoplankton dominate production. Climate variability has had impacts on various ecosystems, most sites are approaching age at which ecological responses to longer term, unidirectional climate trends might be distinguished. All five pelagic in US Long Term Ecological Research (LTER) network experiencing warming surface air temperature. physical system is responding all with increasing mixed layer temperatures decreasing depth declining sea ice cover two polar sites. Their more varied. Some show multiple population or ecosystem changes, whereas, others, changes have not been detected, either because time needed they being measured.

Language: Английский

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Decadal‐scale phenology and seasonal climate drivers of migratory baleen whales in a rapidly warming marine ecosystem

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 28(16), P. 4989 - 5005

Published: June 7, 2022

Species' response to rapid climate change can be measured through shifts in timing of recurring biological events, known as phenology. The Gulf Maine is one the most rapidly warming regions ocean, and thus an ideal system study phenological responses change. A better understanding climate-induced changes phenology needed effectively adaptively manage human-wildlife conflicts. Using data from a 20+ year marine mammal observation program, we tested hypothesis that large whale habitat use Cape Cod Bay has changed related regional-scale thermal onset spring. We used multi-season occupancy model measure evaluate trends date peak for North Atlantic right (Eubalaena glacialis), humpback (Megaptera novaeangliae), fin (Balaenoptera physalus) whales. shifted by +18.1 days (0.90 days/year) whales +19.1 (0.96 then evaluated interannual variability relative spring transition dates (STD), hypothesized whales, planktivorous specialist feeders, would exhibit stronger than which are more generalist piscivorous feeders. There was significant negative effect western region STD on use, positive eastern indicating differential spatial seasonal conditions. Protections threatened endangered have been designed align with expected use. Our results show becoming mismatched static management measures their they suggest effective strategies may need alter protections species adapt

Language: Английский

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Distribution and genetic diversity of Anisakis spp. in cetaceans from the Northeast Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12(1)

Published: Aug. 11, 2022

Abstract Parasite biodiversity in cetaceans represents a neglected component of the marine ecosystem. This study aimed to investigate distribution and genetic diversity anisakid nematodes genus Anisakis sampled from Northeast Atlantic Ocean Mediterranean Sea. A total 478 adults pre-adults spp. was identified by multilocus approach (mtDNA cox 2 , EF1 α − 1 nDNA nas 10 gene loci) 11 cetacean species. clear pattern host preference observed for at family level: A. simplex (s.s.) pegreffii infected mainly delphinids; physeteris brevispiculata were present only physeterids, ziphidarum occurred ziphiids. The role populations different waters shaping population structure (s.s.), investigated first time. Significant sub-structuring found Norwegian Sea North compared those Iberian Atlantic, as well Adriatic Tyrrhenian Seas waters. Substantial homogeneity detected physeteris. highlights strong some certain species or families. Information about their definitive hosts, which are apex predators ecosystems, acquires particular importance conservation measures context global climate change phenomena.

Language: Английский

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Aseasonal Migration of a Northern Bottlenose Whale Provides Support for the Skin Molt Migration Hypothesis

Ecology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(2)

Published: Jan. 30, 2025

ABSTRACT Why animals migrate is a fundamental question in biology. While the adaptive significance of some animal migrations well understood (e.g., to find food, pursue more‐favorable habitats, spawn, or give birth), others remain unknown. The whale migration, for example, unresolved and multiple hypotheses have been proposed explain it. One recently hypothesis that challenges long‐standing “feeding‐breeding” migration model “feeding‐molting” model, where whales undertake latitudinal warmer waters molt skin. In July 2019, we attached satellite‐tracking tags northern bottlenose ( Hyperoodon ampullatus ) Canadian Arctic. these tagged completed round‐trip movement between Arctic temperate western North Atlantic, traveling 7281 km 67 days (and spanning 27° latitude). was sea‐surface temperatures ~4°C, but migrated south, reaching ~23°C surface waters, it remained 7 before returning whale's occupancy warm water accompanied by distinct shift dive behavior, remaining near ocean's surface. Four other initiated similar long‐distance movements. We conclude feeding breeding were unlikely reasons this latitudes

Language: Английский

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Audible changes in marine trophic ecology: Baleen whale song tracks foraging conditions in the eastern North Pacific

PLoS ONE, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 20(2), P. e0318624 - e0318624

Published: Feb. 26, 2025

Among tremendous biodiversity within the California Current Ecosystem (CCE) are gigantic mysticetes (baleen whales) that produce structured sequences of sound described as song. From six years passive acoustic monitoring central CCE we measured seasonal and interannual variations in occurrence blue ( Balaenoptera musculus ), fin physalus humpback Megaptera novaeangliae ) whale Song detection during 11 months year defines its prevalence this foraging habitat potential use behavioral ecology research. Large changes song between species motivates examination causality. Humpback whales uniquely exhibited continuous increases, rising from 34% to 76% days over years, examine multiple hypotheses explain exceptional trend. Potential influences physical factors on detectability – including masking propagation were not supported by analysis wind data or modeling transmission loss. local population abundance, site fidelity, migration timing for two increases detection, based extensive photo ID (17,356 IDs 2,407 individuals). efficiency across all analyses abundance composition forage species. Following detrimental food web impacts a major marine heatwave peaked first study, conditions consistently improved context their prey-switching capacity. Stable isotope biopsy samples consistent with observed regional This study thus indicates baleen may reflect underlying availability driven energetic ecosystem state.

Language: Английский

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Animal-Borne Metrics Enable Acoustic Detection of Blue Whale Migration

Current Biology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 30(23), P. 4773 - 4779.e3

Published: Oct. 1, 2020

Linking individual and population scales is fundamental to many concepts in ecology [1Levin S.A. The problem of pattern scale ecology.Ecology. 1992; 73: 1943-1967Crossref Scopus (4853) Google Scholar], including migration [2Torney C.J. Hopcraft J.G.C. Morrison T.A. Couzin I.D. Levin From single steps mass migration: the movement Serengeti wildebeest.Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci. 2018; 373: 20170012Crossref PubMed (29) Scholar, 3Couzin Collective animal migration.Curr. 28: R976-R980Abstract Full Text PDF (18) Scholar]. This behavior a critical [4Alerstam T. Hedenström A. Åkesson S. Long-distance Evolution determinants.Oikos. 2003; 103: 247-260Crossref (784) Scholar] yet increasingly threatened [5Tucker M.A. Böhning-Gaese K. Fagan W.F. Fryxell J.M. Van Moorter B. Alberts S.C. Ali A.H. Allen A.M. Attias N. Avgar et al.Moving Anthropocene: Global reductions terrestrial mammalian movements.Science. 359: 466-469Crossref (487) part life history diverse organisms. Research on migratory constrained by observational limiting ecological understanding precise management populations expansive, inaccessible marine ecosystems [6Hays G.C. Ferreira L.C. Sequeira A.M.M. Meekan M.G. Duarte C.M. Bailey H. Bailleul F. Bowen W.D. Caley M.J. Costa D.P. al.Key Questions Marine Megafauna Movement Ecology.Trends Ecol. Evol. 2016; 31: 463-475Abstract (305) knowledge gap magnified for dispersed oceanic predators such as endangered blue whales (Balaenoptera musculus). As capital breeders, migrate vast distances annually between foraging breeding grounds, their fitness depends synchrony with phenology prey [7Pirotta E. Mangel M. Mate Goldbogen J.A. Palacios D.M. Hückstädt L.A. McHuron E.A. Schwarz L. New A dynamic state model physiology assess consequences environmental variation anthropogenic disturbance vertebrates.Am. Nat. 191: E40-E56Crossref (42) 8Abrahms Hazen E.L. Aikens E.O. Savoca M.S. Bograd S.J. Jacox Irvine L.M. B.R. Memory resource tracking drive whale migrations.Proc. Natl. Acad. USA. 2019; 116: 5582-5587Crossref (93) Despite previous studies individual-level vocal via bio-logging [9Lewis Calambokidis J. Stimpert A.K. Fahlbusch Friedlaender A.S. McKenna M.F. Mesnick S.L. Oleson E.M. Southall B.L. Szesciorka A.R. Širović Context-dependent variability acoustic behaviour.R. Open 5: 180241Crossref 10Oleson Burgess W.C. McDonald LeDuc C.A. Hildebrand Behavioral context call production eastern North Pacific whales.Mar. Prog. Ser. 2007; 330: 269-284Crossref (189) population-level presence passive monitoring [11Szesciorka Ballance L.T. Rice Ohman M.D. Franks P.J.S. Timing everything: Drivers interannual migration.Sci. Rep. 2020; 10: 7710Crossref (25) detection transition from remains challenging. Here, we integrate direct high-resolution measures continuous broad-scale regional song (Figure 1A) identify an signature Northeast population. We find that sing primarily at night, whereas during day. ability acoustically detect transitions provides tool more comprehensively study history, fitness, plasticity dispersed, Real-time this behavioral signal can also inform efforts [12Oestreich, W.K., Chapman, M.S., Crowder, L.B. comparative analysis systems. Front. Environ. 10.1002/fee.2243.Google mitigate threats [13Redfern J.V. Moore T.J. Deangelis M.L. Becker Barlow Forney K.A. Fiedler P.C. Chivers Assessing risk ships striking large spatial planning.Conserv. 2013; 27: 292-302Crossref (121) 14Goldbogen DeRuiter Falcone Schorr G.S. Douglas Moretti D.J. al.Blue respond simulated mid-frequency military sonar.Proc. 280: 20130657PubMed Scholar]).

Language: Английский

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