Gut Phageome—An Insight into the Role and Impact of Gut Microbiome and Their Correlation with Mammal Health and Diseases

Microorganisms, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(10), P. 2454 - 2454

Published: Sept. 29, 2023

The gut microbiota, including bacteria, archaea, fungi, and viruses, compose a diverse mammalian environment are highly associated with host health. Bacteriophages, the viruses that infect primary members of gastrointestinal virome, known as phageome. However, our knowledge regarding phageome remains poorly understood. In this review, critical role its correlation health were summarized. First, an overall profile phages across tract their dynamic roles in shaping surrounding microorganisms was elucidated. Further, impacts on fitness bacterial community highlighted, together influence diets composition. Additionally, new reports association diseases reviewed. Finally, comprehensive update advanced phage benchwork contributions phage-based therapy to prevent/treat provided. This study provides insights into impact phagenome environments closely related mammal diseases. findings provoke potential applications diagnosis clinical agricultural fields. Future research is needed uncover underlying mechanism phage–bacterial interactions explore maintenance via phage-regulated microbiota.

Language: Английский

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The Potential of Clostridium butyricum to Preserve Gut Health, and to Mitigate Non-AIDS Comorbidities in People Living with HIV

Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(4), P. 1465 - 1482

Published: Feb. 9, 2024

Language: Английский

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Fecal virus transplantation has more moderate effect than fecal microbiota transplantation on changing gut microbial structure in broiler chickens

Poultry Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 103(2), P. 103282 - 103282

Published: Nov. 29, 2023

Growing evidence of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) and virus (FVT) provides a possibility to regulate animal health, whereas little is known about the impact two methods. This study aimed investigate effects gut microbes on jejunal function in healthy broiler chickens, with objective establishing theoretical basis for application FMT FVT. Cecal feces from 28-day-old AA broilers were collected prepare gavage juice Group FM, FVT group FV PBS CON, continuously treated 6 days start at 5-day-old chicks. Samples day 11 21. The results showed that treatment 2 overall score groups significantly lower than CON (P < 0.05). jejunum morphology increased crypt depth, decreased villus height, V/C 0.05) height 11. At 21, depth higher FM FV. expression Claudin1, Occludin, ZO2, Muc2 was 11-day-old. secretion sIgA 11-day-old, this influence lasted up 21-day-old b0+AT basic amino acid transport carrier chymotrypsin activity had significant correlation. 21 age, PepT1 SGLT1 faith pd index = 0.004) Shannon 0.037), separated according PCoA. Among differentiating bacteria, Bacteroides enriched which positively correlated Muc2, Claudin1; R_Ruminococcus, L_Ruminococcus, Butyricicoccuss processing groups, R_Ruminococcus L_Ruminococcus negatively Occludin 0.05), Butyricicoccus Claudin1 21-day-old, PCoA based Bray Curtis shows taxa 3 are isolated each other different Unweighted UniFrac weighted UniFrac. PepT1was Ruminococcus, Parabacteroides. In conclusion, regulated intestinal flora rapidly, while it effect potential damaging risk jejunal. structure softer, improved tight junction expression, but mechanism action needs further exploration.

Language: Английский

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Alterations in the Gut Microbiome Composition of People Living with HIV in the Asia–Pacific Region: A Systematic Review

Clinics and Practice, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(3), P. 846 - 861

Published: May 15, 2024

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection continues to present a global health issue. Recent studies have explored the potential role of gut microbiome in HIV for novel therapeutic approaches. We investigated composition people living with (PLHIV) Asia–Pacific region. This review was conducted following Preferred Reporting Items Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. An electronic search PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, ScienceDirect databases using keywords such as “HIV”, “PLHIV”, “AIDS”, “gut microbiome”, dysbiosis”, “metagenomics”. Only peer-reviewed full-text published English were included. A total 15 from region included analysis. Compared healthy controls, PLHIV showed an increased abundance Proteobacteria its genera, which may be considered pathobionts, decreased abundances Bacteroidetes several genera under Firmicutes known short-chain fatty acid immunoregulatory activities. Predominant taxa Ruminococcaceae Prevotellaceae also associated clinical factors CD4 count, CD4/CD8 ratio, inflammatory cytokines. highlights changes among region, indicating bacterial signatures prognostication. The partial restoration toward beneficial ensure long-term success treatment, promoting immune recovery while maintaining viral load suppression.

Language: Английский

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Composition of the microbiota in patients with growth hormone deficiency before and after treatment with growth hormone

Anales de Pediatría (English Edition), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 100(6), P. 404 - 411

Published: May 27, 2024

Growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) have modulatory effects on bowel function its microbiota. Our aim was to investigate whether low levels of GH IGF-1 in patients with deficiency are associated changes gut physiology/integrity as well the composition

Language: Английский

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Elite controllers microbiome: unraveling the mystery of association and causation

Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: June 13, 2024

To unravel the current knowledge and possible link between gut microbiome HIV-1 virological control in elite controllers (EC), who can suppress viral replication absence of antiretroviral therapy. In addition, to discuss limitations research propose future directions.

Language: Английский

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Untangling the role of the microbiome across the stages of HIV disease

Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 19(5), P. 221 - 227

Published: June 27, 2024

The primate microbiome consists of bacteria, eukaryotes, and viruses that dynamically shape respond to host health disease. Understanding how the symbiotic relationship between responds HIV has implications for therapeutic design.

Language: Английский

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Gut Microbiome Alteration in HIV/AIDS and the Role of Antiretroviral Therapy—A Scoping Review

Microorganisms, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(11), P. 2221 - 2221

Published: Nov. 1, 2024

(1) Background: The gut microbiota plays a crucial role in chronic immune activation associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, acquired deficiency syndrome (AIDS) pathogenesis, non-AIDS-related comorbidities, and mortality among people living HIV (PLWH). effects of antiretroviral therapy on the microbiome remain underexplored. This study aims to map evidence impact integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTI) non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase (NNRTI) PLWH. (2) Methods: A scoping review was conducted using PubMed, Web Science, Embase, reports collected following PRISMA for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). (3) Results: Evidence suggests that INSTI-based regimes generally promote restoration alpha diversity, bringing it closer seronegative controls, while beta diversity remains largely unchanged. therapies are suggested be improvements composition tendency toward reduced inflammatory markers. In contrast, NNRTI-based treatments demonstrate limited recovery linked an increase proinflammatory bacteria. (4) Conclusions: Based current literature, is indicated (ART) facilitates better microbiome.

Language: Английский

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Beyond the effects of HIV infection and integrase inhibitors-based therapies on oral bacteriome

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(1)

Published: Aug. 31, 2023

Oral microbiome is the second largest microbial community in humans after gut. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection triggers an impairment of immune system which could favour growth and colonization pathogens oral cavity, this dysbiosis has been associated with manifestations that worsen quality life these patients. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) also drive changes specific bacterial taxa such periodontal diseases. Integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs), choice treatment naive HIV-patients, are able to reverse impact HIV on systemic inflammation, gut permeability, diversity/richness. The objective study was analyse effects per se INSTIs salivary bacteriome composition, taking into consideration other factors as smoking, have a significant microbiome. To accomplish objective, 26 non-HIV-infected volunteers 30 HIV-infected patients (15 15 under INSTIs-regimen) were recruited. Salivary samples collected measure lysozyme levels. composition analysed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Naive showed statistically higher levels compared controls (p < 0.001) INSTIs-treated 0.05). Our unable detect differences α nor β-diversity among three groups analysed, although abundance some taxonomical orders detected (higher phylum Pseudomonadota, order Acholeplasmatales, genera Ezakiella Acholeplasma group controls; Mycoplasmatota, uncultured Eubacteriaceae bacterium INTIs-treated controls). These seem be partially independent smoking habit. microbiota not very potent, probably due modulation greatest outward exposure cavity.

Language: Английский

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Composición de la microbiota en pacientes con déficit de hormona de crecimiento antes y después de recibir tratamiento

Anales de Pediatría, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 100(6), P. 404 - 411

Published: April 29, 2024

La hormona de crecimiento (GH) y el factor similar a la insulina tipo 1 (IGF-1) tienen efecto modulador sobre funcionalidad intestinal microbiota. Nuestro objetivo fue investigar si los pacientes con déficit GH y, por lo tanto, niveles bajos e IGF-1 se asocian cambios en fisiología/integridad intestinal, así como composición microbiota intestinal. Se realizó un estudio casos controles 21 previo al inicio tras 6 meses tratamiento 20 sanos. estudiaron antropométricos, analíticos, translocación bacteriana también determinó del microbioma mediante secuenciación masiva gen ARNr 16S. El acompañó incremento significativo séricos sCD14, marcador (p < 0,01). Dicho revertido GH. No observaron diferencias composición, ni α o β-diversidad entre controles, recibir tratamiento. trabajo demuestra primera vez que no acompaña comparación sanos, tampoco ve modificada Sin embargo, este asoció traslocación bacteriana, vio Growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor-1 have modulatory effects on bowel function its Our aim was to investigate whether low levels of in patients with deficiency are associated changes gut physiology/integrity as well the composition We conducted case-control study deficiency, at baseline after months treatment, healthy controls. analysed anthropometric laboratory characteristics bacterial translocation studied microbiome by means massive 16S rRNA gene sequencing. accompanied significant increase serum marker (P<.01). This reversed treatment. did not find any differences or α- β-diversity treatment between cases work is first demonstrate that presence comparison controls, also found However, were an translocation, which had

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