The Angiosperm Terrestrial Revolution buffered ants against extinction

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 121(13)

Published: March 11, 2024

With ~14,000 extant species, ants are ubiquitous and of tremendous ecological importance. They have undergone remarkable diversification throughout their evolutionary history. However, the drivers diversity dynamics not well quantified or understood. Previous phylogenetic analyses suggested patterns associated with Angiosperm Terrestrial Revolution (ATR), but these studies overlooked valuable information from fossil record. To address this gap, we conducted a comprehensive analysis using large dataset that includes both ant record (~24,000 individual occurrences) neontological data (~14,000 occurrences), tested four hypotheses proposed for diversification: co-diversification, competitive extinction, hyper-specialization, buffered extinction. Taking into account biases in record, found three distinct periods (the latest Cretaceous, Eocene, Oligo-Miocene) one extinction period (Late Cretaceous). The hypothesis between stem crown is supported. Instead, support hyper-specialization hypotheses. environmental changes ATR, mediated by angiosperm radiation, likely played critical role buffering against favoring providing new niches, such as forest litter arboreal nesting sites, additional resources. We also hypothesize decline during Late Cretaceous was due to hyper-specialized morphology, which limited ability expand dietary niche changing environments. This study highlights importance holistic approach when studying interplay past environments trajectories organisms.

Language: Английский

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Drivers of diversification in sharks and rays (Chondrichthyes: Elasmobranchii)

Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: Jan. 10, 2025

Elasmobranchs (sharks and rays) are a charismatic lineage of unquestionable ecological importance in past present marine ecosystems. Represented by over 1200 species, elasmobranchs have undergone substantial shifts taxonomic diversity since their origin. Quantifying these diversification trends underlying causes improves our understanding macroevolutionary processes the factors influencing community composition through deep time. Studies addressing drivers Elasmobranchii yielded conflicting results; some report clear relationships between specific traits events, whilst others fail to find support for such relationships. There is also evidence suggest that biotic interactions or environmental (global climatic change tectonic events) shaped elasmobranch dynamics. In this review, we summarise dynamics evolutionary history, before considering three principal hypothesised clade: trait evolution, interactions, change. Finally, discuss major limitations field, how discordant methodologies data sources hamper current Elasmobranchii. Whilst future studies will undoubtedly be required further unravel complex relationship, no single factor can considered sole satisfactory explanation observed time exclusion other.

Language: Английский

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Bioluminescence and repeated deep-sea colonization shaped the diversification and body size evolution of squaliform sharks

Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 292(2042)

Published: March 1, 2025

Understanding the underlying mechanisms that have generated striking biodiversity inhabiting deep-sea ecosystems remains a challenge in evolutionary biology. Here, we addressed this topic by studying macroevolutionary dynamics shaped diversification of squaliform sharks, an iconic clade vertebrates. Using phylogenetic comparative methods and fossil-based Bayesian estimates, both at species level, combined fossil record data with molecular phylogenies to provide quantitative framework for understanding history Squaliformes. We reveal early lineages originated shallow water during Early Cretaceous experienced multiple independent shifts toward deep sea Late Cretaceous. Importantly, show these were likely facilitated acquisition bioluminescence, which significantly impacted body size evolution among lineages. Furthermore, colonization events coincide periods climate warming marine transgression Cenomanian-Turonian Palaeocene-Eocene transitions. Following colonizations, diversified over last 30 Myr, resulting one richest radiations sharks. These results demonstrate how complex interplay between key innovation new habitats drove major ecological transition, highlighting importance integrative when deep-time dynamics.

Language: Английский

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Global impact and selectivity of the Cretaceous-Paleogene mass extinction among sharks, skates, and rays

Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 379(6634), P. 802 - 806

Published: Feb. 24, 2023

The Cretaceous-Paleogene event was the last mass extinction event, yet its impact and long-term effects on species-level marine vertebrate diversity remain largely uncharacterized. We quantified elasmobranch (sharks, skates, rays) speciation, extinction, ecological change resulting from end-Cretaceous using >3200 fossil occurrences 675 species spanning Late Cretaceous-Paleocene interval at global scale. Elasmobranchs declined by >62% boundary did not fully recover in Paleocene. triggered a heterogeneous pattern of with rays durophagous reaching highest levels (>72%) sharks nondurophagous being less affected. Taxa large geographic ranges and/or those restricted to high-latitude settings show higher survival. drastically altered evolutionary history ecosystems.

Language: Английский

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A Synoptic Review of the Cartilaginous Fishes (Chondrichthyes: Holocephali, Elasmobranchii) from the Upper Jurassic Konservat-Lagerstätten of Southern Germany: Taxonomy, Diversity, and Faunal Relationships

Diversity, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(3), P. 386 - 386

Published: March 8, 2023

The Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous (164-100 Ma) represents one of the main transitional periods in life history. Recent studies unveiled a complex scenario which abiotic and biotic factors drivers on regional global scales due to fragmentation Pangaea resulted dramatic faunal ecological turnovers terrestrial marine environments. However, chondrichthyan faunas from this interval have received surprisingly little recognition. presence numerous entire skeletons chondrichthyans preserved several localities southern Germany, often referred as Konservat-Lagerstätten (e.g., Nusplingen Solnhofen Archipelago), provides unique opportunity study taxonomic composition these assemblages, their distributions adaptations, evolutionary histories detail. even after 160 years study, current knowledge Germany's Jurassic diversity remains incomplete. Over last 20 years, systematic bulk sampling deposits significantly increased number known fossil genera region (32 present study). In work, record, Germany are reviewed compared with contemporaneous assemblages other sites Europe. Our results suggest, inter alia, that displayed extended within it nevertheless also is evident taxonomy urgent need revision.

Language: Английский

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Charting the course of pinniped evolution: insights from molecular phylogeny and fossil record integration

Evolution, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 78(7), P. 1212 - 1226

Published: April 22, 2024

Abstract Pinnipeds (seals, sea lions, walruses, and their fossil relatives) are one of the most successful mammalian clades to live in oceans. Despite a well-resolved molecular phylogeny global record, complete understanding macroevolutionary dynamics remains hampered by lack formal analyses that combine these 2 rich sources information. We used meta-analytic approach infer densely sampled pinniped date (36 recent 93 taxa) phylogenetic paleobiological methods study diversification biogeographic history. mostly diversified at constant rates. Walruses, however, experienced rapid turnover which extinction rates ultimately exceeded speciation from 12 6 Ma, possibly due changing levels and/or competition with otariids (eared seals). Historical analyses, including data, allowed us confidently identify North Pacific Atlantic (plus or minus Paratethys) as ancestral ranges Otarioidea seals + walrus) crown phocids (earless seals), respectively. Yet, despite novel addition stem pan-pinniped taxa, region origin for Pan-Pinnipedia remained ambiguous. These results suggest further avenues pinnipeds provide framework investigating other groups substantial extinct extant diversity.

Language: Английский

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Sequential trait evolution did not drive deep-time diversification in sharks

Evolution, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 78(8), P. 1405 - 1425

Published: May 15, 2024

Estimating how traits evolved and impacted diversification across the tree of life represents a critical topic in ecology evolution. Although there has been considerable research comparative biology, large parts remain underexplored. Sharks are an iconic clade marine vertebrates, key components ecosystems since early Mesozoic. However, few studies have addressed or whether they their extant diversity patterns. Our study aimed to fill this gap by reconstructing largest time-calibrated species-level phylogeny sharks compiling exhaustive database for ecological (diet, habitat) biological (reproduction, maximum body length) traits. Using state-of-the-art models evolution diversification, we outlined major character shifts modes trait shark species. We found support sequential estimated small medium-sized lecithotrophic coastal-dwelling most recent common ancestor sharks. our hidden analyses do not trait-dependent any examined traits, challenging previous works. This suggests that role shaping sharks' dynamics might previously overestimated should motivate future macroevolutionary investigate other drivers clade.

Language: Английский

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The rise of pelagic sharks and adaptive evolution of pectoral fin morphology during the Cretaceous

Current Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 34(12), P. 2764 - 2772.e3

Published: June 1, 2024

The emergence and subsequent evolution of pectoral fins is a key point in vertebrate evolution, as are dominant control surfaces for locomotion extant fishes.1Coates M. paired fins.Theory Biosci. 2003; 122: 266-287Crossref Scopus (91) Google Scholar,2Webb P.W. Locomotor patterns the Actinopterygian fishes.Am. Zool. 1982; 22: 329-342Crossref (224) Scholar,3Fish F.E. Lauder G.V. Control aquatic vertebrates: active passive design function.J. Exp. Biol. 2017; 220: 4351-4363Crossref PubMed (58) Scholar However, major gaps remain our understanding diversity among cartilaginous fishes (Chondrichthyes), group with an evolutionary history spanning over 400 million years current selachians (modern sharks) appearing about 200 ago.4Compagno L.J.V. Alternative life-history strategies time space.Environ. Fishes. 1990; 28: 33-75Crossref (294) Scholar,5Grogan E.D. Lund R. Greenfest-Allen E. origin early relationships chondrichthyans.in: Carrier J.C. Musick J.A. Heithaus M.R. Biology Sharks Their Relatives. Second Edition. CRC Press, 2012: 3-30Crossref Scholar,6Maisey J.G. What 'elasmobranch'? impact paleontology elasmobranch phylogeny evolution.J. Fish. 2012; 80: 918-951Crossref (0) Modern sharks charismatic vertebrates often thought to be predators roaming open ocean coastal areas, but most species occupy seafloor.4Compagno Here we use integrative approach understand what facilitated expansion pelagic realm morphological changes accompanied this shift. On basis comparative analyses framework time-calibrated molecular phylogeny,7Stein R.W. Mull C.G. Kuhn T.S. Aschliman N.C. Davidson L.N.K. Joy J.B. Smith G.J. Dulvy N.K. Mooers A.O. Global priorities conserving sharks, rays chimaeras.Nat. Ecol. Evol. 2018; 2: 288-298Crossref (185) show that modern expanded no later than Early Cretaceous (Barremian). pattern fin aspect ratios across congruent adaptive identify increase subclade disparity ratio at when sea surface temperatures were their highest.8Scotese C.R. Song H. Mills B.J. van der Meer D.G. Phanerozoic paleotemperatures: earth's changing climate during last 540 years.Earth Sci. Rev. 2021; 215103503Crossref (271) habitats likely involved extended bouts sustained fast swimming, which led selection efficient movement via higher fins. Swimming performance was enhanced due elevated sea, highlighting shark has been greatly impacted by change.

Language: Английский

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Explanations for latitudinal diversity gradients must invoke rate variation

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 120(33)

Published: Aug. 3, 2023

The latitudinal diversity gradient (LDG) describes the pattern of increasing numbers species from poles to equator. Although recognized for over 200 years, mechanisms responsible largest-scale and longest-known in macroecology are still actively debated. I argue here that any explanation LDG must invoke differential rates speciation, extinction, extirpation, or dispersal. These processes themselves may be governed by numerous abiotic biotic factors. Hypotheses claim not rates, such as ‘age area’ ‘time diversification’, eschew focus rate variation is assumed these explanations. There significant uncertainty how dispersal have varied regionally Earth history. However, better understand development LDGs, we need constrain this variation. Only then will drivers – they nature become clearer.

Language: Английский

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Three-dimensional fossils of a Cretaceous collared carpet shark (Parascylliidae, Orectolobiformes) shed light on skeletal evolution in galeomorphs

Royal Society Open Science, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 12(4)

Published: April 1, 2025

A rich fossil record of teeth shows that many living shark families' origins lie deep in the Mesozoic. Skeletal fossils sharks to whom these belonged are far rarer and when they preserved often flattened, hindering understanding evolutionary radiation groups. Here we use computed tomography describe two articulated Upper Cretaceous skeletons from Chalk UK preserving three-dimensional neurocrania, visceral cartilages, pectoral vertebrae. These display skeletal anatomies characteristic Parascylliidae, a family Orectolobiformes now endemic Australia Indo Pacific. However, differ having more heavily mineralized braincase tri-basal fin endoskeleton, while their can be attributed new species problematic taxon Pararhincodon. Phylogenetic analysis confirms Pararhincodon is stem-group parascylliid, providing insight into evolution parascylliids' distinctive anatomy during late Mesozoic-Cenozoic shift orectolobiform biodiversity Northern Atlantic Meanwhile both extant parascylliids have vertebral morphology previously described only Carcharhiniformes, contributing perspective picture emerging macroevolutionary analyses coastal, small-bodied for galeomorphs.

Language: Английский

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