Scientific Reports,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
14(1)
Published: Dec. 30, 2024
Vertebral
collapse
(VC)
following
osteoporotic
vertebral
compression
fracture
(OVCF)
often
requires
aggressive
treatment,
necessitating
an
accurate
prediction
for
early
intervention.
This
study
aimed
to
develop
a
predictive
model
leveraging
deep
neural
networks
predict
VC
progression
after
OVCF
using
magnetic
resonance
imaging
(MRI)
and
clinical
data.
Among
245
enrolled
patients
with
acute
OVCF,
data
from
200
were
used
the
development
dataset,
45
test
dataset.
To
construct
model,
we
explored
two
backbone
architectures:
convolutional
vision
transformers
(ViTs),
along
various
pre-trained
weights
fine-tuning
methods.
Through
extensive
experiments,
built
our
by
performing
parameter-efficient
of
ViT
on
large-scale
biomedical
Attention
rollouts
indicated
that
contours
internal
features
compressed
body
critical
in
predicting
this
model.
further
improve
performance
applied
augmented
strategy,
which
uses
multiple
MRI
frames
achieves
significantly
higher
area
under
curve
(AUC).
Our
findings
suggest
employing
foundation
fine-tuned
method,
prediction,
can
enhance
medical
decisions.
International Journal of Pharmaceutics,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
670, P. 125186 - 125186
Published: Jan. 8, 2025
The
blood-brain
barrier
(BBB)
plays
a
vital
role
in
protecting
the
central
nervous
system
(CNS)
by
preventing
entry
of
harmful
pathogens
from
bloodstream.
However,
this
also
presents
significant
obstacle
when
it
comes
to
delivering
drugs
for
treatment
neurodegenerative
diseases
and
brain
cancer.
Recent
breakthroughs
nanotechnology
have
paved
way
creation
wide
range
nanoparticles
(NPs)
that
can
serve
as
carriers
diagnosis
therapy.
Regarding
their
promising
properties,
organic
NPs
potential
be
used
effective
drug
delivery
across
BBB
based
on
recent
advancements.
These
remarkable
ability
penetrate
using
various
mechanisms.
This
review
offers
comprehensive
examination
intricate
structure
distinct
properties
BBB,
emphasizing
its
crucial
function
preserving
balance
regulating
transport
ions
molecules.
disruption
conditions
such
stroke,
Alzheimer's
disease,
Parkinson's
disease
highlights
importance
developing
creative
approaches
drugs.
Through
encapsulation
therapeutic
molecules
precise
targeting
processes
vasculature,
NP
formulations
present
hopeful
strategy
improve
BBB.
We
explore
changes
pathological
investigate
factors
affect
successful
into
brain.
In
addition,
we
most
systems
associated
with
shown
positive
results
treating
ischemic
disorders.
opens
up
new
possibilities
nanotechnology-based
therapies
cerebral
diseases.
Critical Reviews in Analytical Chemistry,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown, P. 1 - 25
Published: Sept. 17, 2024
This
comprehensive
review
delves
into
the
advancements
and
challenges
in
biosensing,
with
a
strong
emphasis
on
transformative
potential
of
CRISPR
technology
for
early
rapid
detection
infectious
diseases.
It
underscores
versatility
CRISPR/Cas
systems,
highlighting
their
ability
to
detect
both
nucleic
acids
non-nucleic
acid
targets,
seamless
integration
isothermal
amplification
techniques.
The
provides
thorough
examination
latest
developments
CRISPR-based
biosensors,
detailing
unique
properties
such
as
high
specificity
programmability,
which
make
them
particularly
effective
detecting
disease-associated
acids.
While
focuses
due
its
critical
role
diagnosing
diseases,
it
also
explores
broader
applications
thereby
acknowledging
technology's
potential.
Additionally,
identifies
existing
challenges,
need
improved
signal
real-world
applicability,
offers
future
perspectives
aimed
at
overcoming
these
hurdles.
ultimate
goal
is
advance
development
highly
sensitive
specific
biosensors
that
can
be
used
widely
improving
human
health,
point-of-care
settings
resource-limited
environments.
Biomedical & Pharmacology Journal,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
18(December Spl Edition), P. 203 - 216
Published: Jan. 20, 2025
This
research
delves
into
the
technical
advancements
of
image
segmentation
and
classification
models,
specifically
refined
Pix2Pix
Vision
Transformer
(ViT)
architectures,
for
crucial
task
osteoporosis
detection
using
X-ray
images.
The
improved
model
demonstrates
noteworthy
strides
in
segmentation,
achieving
a
specificity
97.24%
excelling
reduction
false
positives.
Simultaneously,
modified
ViT
especially
MViT-B/16
variant,
exhibit
superior
accuracy
at
96.01%
classifying
cases,
showcasing
their
proficiency
identifying
critical
medical
conditions.
These
models
are
poised
to
revolutionize
diagnosis,
providing
clinicians
with
accurate
tools
early
intervention.
synergies
between
open
avenues
nuanced
approaches
automated
diagnostic
systems,
potential
significantly
improve
clinical
results
contribute
broader
landscape
analysis.
As
remains
prevalent
often
undiagnosed
condition,
insights
from
this
study
hold
substantial
importance
advancing
field,
emphasizing
role
improving
patient
care
health
outcomes.
Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
12
Published: Dec. 12, 2024
Mortality
and
morbidity
from
cardiovascular
diseases
are
common
worldwide.
In
order
to
improve
survival
quality
of
life
for
this
patient
population,
extensive
efforts
being
made
establish
effective
therapeutic
modalities.
New
treatment
options
needed,
it
seems.
addition
treating
diseases,
cell
therapy
is
one
the
most
promising
medical
platforms.
One
approaches
in
area
stem
therapy.
biology,
multipotent
cells
pluripotent
divided
into
two
types.
There
evidence
that
could
be
used
as
a
approach
based
on
multiple
lines
evidence.
The
effectiveness
therapies
humans
has
been
studied
several
clinical
trials.
spite
challenges
associated
with
therapy,
appears
resolving
them
may
lead
disease
patients.
This
an
approach.
By
mounting
these
biological
scaffolds,
their
effect
can
enhanced.
Machines,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
13(1), P. 49 - 49
Published: Jan. 13, 2025
This
study
explores
the
impact
of
transfer
learning
on
enhancing
deep
models
for
detecting
defects
in
aero-engine
components.
We
focused
metrics
such
as
accuracy,
precision,
recall,
and
loss
to
compare
performance
VGG19
DeiT
(data-efficient
image
transformer).
RandomSearchCV
was
used
hyperparameter
optimization,
we
selectively
froze
some
layers
during
training
help
better
tailor
our
dataset.
conclude
that
difference
across
all
can
be
attributed
adoption
transformer-based
architecture
by
model
it
does
this
well
capturing
complex
patterns
data.
research
demonstrates
transformer
hold
promise
improving
accuracy
efficiency
defect
detection
within
aerospace
industry,
which
will,
turn,
contribute
cleaner
more
sustainable
aviation
activities.
