A Study of the Effects of Motor Experience on Neuromuscular Control Strategies During Sprint Starts

Motor Control, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 28(3), P. 362 - 376

Published: May 6, 2024

Much of the current research on sprint start has attempted to analyze biomechanical characteristics elite athletes provide guidance training technique, with less attention paid effects motor experience gained from long-term neuromuscular control characteristics. The present study investigate effect modular organization system during starting, based he clarification muscle synergies starting. It was found that exercise did not promote an increase in number but rather a more focused timing activation each synergy, allowing quickly complete postural transition crouching running

Language: Английский

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Evaluation of EMG patterns in children during assisted walking in the exoskeleton

Frontiers in Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 18

Published: Oct. 24, 2024

While exoskeleton technology is becoming more and common for gait rehabilitation in children with neurological disorders, evaluation of performance still faces challenges concerns. The reasoning behind evaluating the spinal locomotor output that, while exoskeleton's guidance forces create desired walking kinematics, they also affect sensorimotor interactions, which may lead to an abnormal spatiotemporal integration activity particular segments risk abnormalities recovery. Therefore, traditional indicators based on kinematic or kinetic characteristics optimizing controllers be supplemented by measures associated neural control mechanisms. purpose this study a sample was determine basic features lower limb muscle implement method assessing neuromechanics during exoskeleton-assisted gait. To end, we assessed effects robotic (ExoAtlet Bambini) performance, recording electromyographic leg muscles analyzing corresponding motor pool output. A slower setting (about 0.2 m/s) chosen exoskeleton. results showed even walking, level activation roughly comparable normal walking. This suggests despite full assistance movements, child's can interpret step-related afferent information promoting essential muscles. most likely explained active nature stepping (the child not fully relaxed, experienced foot loading needed maintain upper trunk posture). In terms general patterns, identified notable variations proximal muscles, coactivation lumbar sacral pools, weak propulsion from distal extensors at push-off. These changes led lack characteristic lumbosacral oscillations center motoneuron activity, normally pendulum mechanism bipedal work shows promise as useful technique help develop their natural pattern guide system optimization future inclusion into clinical care.

Language: Английский

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Development of running is not related to time since onset of independent walking, a longitudinal case study

Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 17

Published: Feb. 16, 2023

Introduction Children start to run after they master walking. How running develops, however, is largely unknown. Methods We assessed the maturity of pattern in two very young, typically developing children a longitudinal design spanning about three years. Leg and trunk 3D kinematics electromyography collected six recording sessions, with more than hundred strides each, entered our analysis. recorded walking during first session (the independent steps toddlers at age 11.9 10.6 months) fast or for subsequent sessions. More 100 kinematic neuromuscular parameters were determined each stride. The equivalent data five young adults served define mature running. After dimensionality reduction using principal component analysis, hierarchical cluster analysis based on average pairwise correlation distance adult as measure pattern. Results Both developed Yet, one them did not reach whereas other it did. As expected, appeared later sessions (>13 months onset walking). Interestingly, alternated episodes immature within Our clustering approach separated them. Discussion An additional accompanying muscle synergies revealed that participant who had differences contraction when compared other. One may speculate this difference activity have caused

Language: Английский

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Hanging in there: Uterine Buoyancy Defines Homeostatic Set-Points for Gravity Adaptation in Humans

Published: April 28, 2023

Gravity is a fundamental force of nature, to which all biological systems, including human bodies, must adapt survive. Maintaining bodily and behavioural integrity in the vertical spatial dimension whilst under continuous perturbation from gravity universal task for living systems. However, adaptation embodiment utero beyond often overlooked. This paper suggests that prenatal buoyancy (i.e. fluid medium) provides foundational set-points antigravity homeostatic self-regulatory processes humans. The concepts homeostasis allostasis are central understanding self-organisation adaptivity external environment. Organisms maintain essential variables within certain bounds or ‘set-points’ order self-maintain survive, despite ambient variation entropic pressures. We propose novel characterisation as core drive, analogous body temperature regulation. proposal based on reconceptualization self-regulation relation constraints problem density/buoyancy, not just mass/weight it typically considered. Specifically, we suggest hypothetical set-point neutral via suspension foetus amniotic fluid. Our principled route naturalise strong links between emotionally valenced perceptions expressions satisfying needs. By highlighting role scaffolding development, this aims pave way towards more accurate picture how key developmental stages unfold across sensorimotor lifespan.

Language: Английский

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Learning to Move in a Changing Body in a Changing World

Integrative and Comparative Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 63(3), P. 653 - 663

Published: June 24, 2023

Synopsis Infants of all species learn to move in the midst tremendous variability and rapid developmental change. Traditionally, researchers consider be a problem for development skill acquisition. Here, we argue reconsideration early life, taking developmental, ecological, systems approach. Using walking human infants as an example, that rich, variable experiences infancy form foundation flexible, adaptive behavior adulthood. From their first steps, must cope with changes bodies, skills, environments. Rapid growth spurts continually expanding environment surfaces, elevations, obstacles alter biomechanical constraints on balance locomotion from day moment moment. Moreover, spontaneously generate practice regimen learning walk. Self-initiated during everyday activity consists immense amounts variable, time-distributed, error-filled practice. infants’ steps continuing unabated over next year, walk short bursts (not continual steps), follow curved straight) paths, take every direction only forward)—all while, accompanied by frequent falls push limits (rather than steady decrease errors) explore Thus, ensures variability—some imposed physical growth, caregivers, changing outside control, some self-generated spontaneous behavior. The end result such massive is perceptual-motor system adept at do not fixed facts about bodies or environments level skill. Instead, they how learn—how gauge possibilities action, modify ongoing movements, new movements fly step step. Simply put, feature, bug. It provides natural training successfully navigating complex, ever-changing throughout lifespan. observations infants' natural, cluttered environments—rather eliciting adult-like behaviors under artificial, controlled conditions—yield very different pictures what any learn. Over-reliance traditional tasks artificially constrain therefore risks distorting researchers’ understanding origins

Language: Английский

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Hanging in there: Prenatal origins of antigravity homeostasis in humans

Published: Oct. 10, 2023

All life on Earth must find a way to manage the continuous perturbation of gravity. From birth, and even before, humans exhibit effortful ‘antigravity’ work enact bodily, postural behavioural form despite Indeed, observable antigravity behaviour is standard diagnostic indicator neonatal sensorimotor health. Antigravity has been investigated extensively in its biomechanical details. Yet motivational structure not focus research. What drives human body expend energy this behaviour? It widely understood that thermic homeostasis organised around conserving core temperature at set-point ~37oC. There currently no equivalent concept general homeostatic driving effort. In theoretical paper, we aim establish such concept. We make case developmental for “neutral buoyancy” (gravity buoyant force are balanced), which afforded foetus by approximately equi-dense amniotic fluid medium utero. argue postnatally, task balance emulate conditions neutral buoyancy, based upon prenatal experience thereof. Our paper sketch high-level outline novel characterisation ‘antigravity balance’ as conservative homeostasis, lay out some implications predictions model, with intention spurring wider research discussion hitherto little explored topic.

Language: Английский

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Five Padua days on muscle and mobility medicine (2024Pdm3) 27 February - 2 March, 2024 at Hotel Petrarca, Thermae of Euganean Hills, Padua, and San Luca Hall, Prato della Valle, Padua, Italy

European Journal of Translational Myology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Dec. 18, 2023

At the end of 2023 Padua Days Muscle and Mobility Medicine next year's meeting was scheduled from 27 February to 2 March 2024 (2024Pdm3). During summer autumn program confirmed with Scientific Sessions that will take place over five days, starting in afternoon 27, at Conference Room Hotel Petrarca, Thermae Euganean Hills (Padua), Italy. As usual, day be spent Padua, this occasion San Luca Hall Santa Giustina monastery Prato della Valle, Collected during Autumn 2023, many more titles abstracts than expected were submitted, forcing organization parallel sessions both on 1 confirming attractiveness Pdm3. The days include oral presentations scientists clinicians Argentina, Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Denmark, Egypt, France, Germany, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Romania, Russia, Slovenia, Switzerland, UK USA. Together preliminary Program December 1, early submitted Abstracts is e-published Issue 33 (4) European Journal Translational Myology (EJTM). You are invited join, submitting your Last Minute [email protected] by 2024. Furthermore, generous deadline May 20, 2024, submit please “Communications” (Clarivate’s ESCI Impact factor 2.2; SCOPUS Cite Score: 3.2). See you soon Petrarca Montegrotto Terme, but complete can followed home via zoom connection.

Language: Английский

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Design of Low-Cost Modular Bio-Inspired Electric–Pneumatic Actuator (EPA)-Driven Legged Robots

Biomimetics, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 9(3), P. 164 - 164

Published: March 7, 2024

Exploring the fundamental mechanisms of locomotion extends beyond mere simulation and modeling. It necessitates utilization physical test benches to validate hypotheses regarding real-world applications locomotion. This study introduces cost-effective modular robotic platforms designed specifically for investigating intricacies control strategies. Expanding upon our prior research in electric–pneumatic actuation (EPA), we present mechanical electrical designs latest developments EPA robot series. These include Jumper, a human-sized segmented monoped robot, its extension Walker, bipedal robot. Both replicate human weight inertia distributions, featuring co-actuation through motors pneumatic artificial muscles. low-cost platforms, with considerations degrees freedom redundant actuation, (1) provide opportunities different locomotor subfunctions—stance, swing, balance; (2) help investigate role schemes tasks such as hopping walking; (3) allow testing biological locomotors benches.

Language: Английский

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Effects of age and task difficulty on neuromuscular and corticomuscular determinants of walking balance

Published: April 29, 2024

Eu agradeço a Deus por me escolher para fazer parte dessa família.Eu amo todos vocês do fundo meu coração!Talking about family and love, I want to thank my fiancé

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Increased trial-to-trial similarity and reduced temporal overlap of muscle synergy activation coefficients manifest during learning and with increasing movement proficiency

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: July 31, 2024

Abstract Muscle synergy analyses are used to enhance our understanding of motor control. Spatially fixed weights coordinate multiple co-active muscles through activation commands, known as coefficients. To gain a more comprehensive learning, it is essential understand how coefficients vary during learning task and at different levels movement proficiency. Participants walked on line, beam, learned walk tightrope—tasks that represent synergies were extracted from electromyography signals across all conditions the number was determined by knee-point total variance accounted for (tVAF) curve. The results indicated tVAF one decreased with proficiency, tightrope resulting in highest compared line beam tasks. Furthermore, increasing proficiency after process, trial-to-trial similarity increased temporal overlap decreased. Consequently, we propose precise adjustment refinement play pivotal role learning.

Language: Английский

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