PLoS neglected tropical diseases,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
18(6), P. e0012274 - e0012274
Published: June 20, 2024
The
lack
of
disease
models
adequately
resembling
human
tissue
has
hindered
our
understanding
amoebic
brain
infection.
Three-dimensional
structured
organoids
provide
a
microenvironment
similar
to
tissue.
This
study
demonstrates
the
use
cerebral
model
rare
infection
caused
by
highly
lethal
amoeba
Balamuthia
mandrillaris
.
Cerebral
were
generated
from
pluripotent
stem
cells
and
infected
with
clinically
isolated
B
trophozoites.
Histological
examination
showed
invasion
neuron
damage
following
coculture
transcript
profile
suggested
an
alteration
in
growth
proinflammatory
response.
release
intracellular
proteins
specific
neuronal
bodies
astrocytes
was
detected
at
higher
levels
postinfection.
amoebicidal
effect
repurposed
drug
nitroxoline
examined
using
organoids.
Overall,
important
for
mechanism
pathogenicity,
identify
biomarkers
injury,
testing
potential
context
brain.
Advanced Healthcare Materials,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Oct. 13, 2024
Abstract
The
development
of
personalized
precision
medicine
has
become
a
pivotal
focus
in
modern
healthcare.
Organoids‐on‐a‐Chip
(OoCs),
groundbreaking
fusion
organoid
culture
and
microfluidic
chip
technology,
emerged
as
promising
approach
to
advancing
patient‐specific
treatment
strategies.
In
this
review,
the
diverse
applications
OoCs
are
explored,
particularly
their
role
medicine,
potential
cutting‐edge
technology
is
highlighted.
By
utilizing
patient‐derived
organoids,
offer
pathway
optimize
treatments,
create
precise
disease
models,
investigate
mechanisms,
conduct
drug
screenings,
individualize
therapeutic
emphasis
on
significance
technological
revolutionizing
healthcare
improving
patient
outcomes.
Furthermore,
transformative
future
prospects,
ongoing
advancements
field,
with
genomic
multi‐omics
integration,
ethical
frameworks
discussed.
convergence
these
innovations
can
empower
patients,
redefine
approaches,
shape
Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
16
Published: Aug. 3, 2023
Neurodegenerative
diseases
are
adult-onset
neurological
conditions
that
notoriously
difficult
to
model
for
drug
discovery
and
development
because
most
models
unable
accurately
recapitulate
pathology
in
disease-relevant
cells,
making
it
extremely
explore
the
potential
mechanisms
underlying
neurodegenerative
diseases.
Therefore,
alternative
of
human
or
animal
cells
have
been
developed
bridge
gap
allow
impact
new
therapeutic
strategies
be
anticipated
more
by
trying
mimic
neuronal
glial
cell
interactions
many
mechanisms.
In
tandem
with
emergence
human-induced
pluripotent
stem
which
were
first
generated
2007,
accessibility
(hiPSC)
derived
from
patients
can
differentiated
into
neurons,
providing
an
unrivaled
platform
Regenerative Therapy,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
24, P. 318 - 323
Published: Aug. 22, 2023
The
human
body
experiences
constant
stimulation
from
Earth's
gravity,
and
the
absence
of
gravity
leads
to
various
impacts
at
cellular
tissue
levels.
Simulated
microgravity
(s-μg)
has
been
employed
on
Earth
investigate
these
effects,
circumventing
challenges
conducting
experiments
in
space
providing
an
opportunity
understand
influence
living
organisms.
Research
focusing
stem
cells
utilizing
s-μg
enhanced
our
understanding
how
affects
cell
morphology,
migration,
proliferation,
differentiation.
Studies
have
used
systems
such
as
rotating
wall
vessels,
random
positioning
machines,
clinostats.
By
uncovering
mechanisms
underlying
observed
changes
studies,
there
is
potential
identify
therapeutic
targets
that
regulate
function
explore
a
range
applications,
including
cell-based
regenerative
medicine.
This
review
will
focus
features
each
device
designed
simulate
Earth,
well
performed
with
those
devices.
Biotechnology and Bioengineering,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
121(2), P. 489 - 506
Published: Nov. 28, 2023
Brain
organoids
are
self-organized,
three-dimensional
(3D)
aggregates
derived
from
pluripotent
stem
cells
that
have
cell
types
and
cellular
architectures
resembling
those
of
the
developing
human
brain.
The
current
understanding
brain
developmental
processes
neurological
disorders
has
advanced
significantly
with
introduction
this
in
vitro
model.
serve
as
a
translational
link
between
two-dimensional
(2D)
cultures
vivo
models
which
imitate
neural
tube
formation
at
early
late
stages
differentiation
neuroepithelium
whole-brain
regionalization.
In
addition,
generation
region-specific
made
it
possible
to
investigate
pathogenic
etiological
aspects
acquired
inherited
disease
along
drug
discovery
toxicity
testing.
review
article,
we
first
summarize
an
overview
existing
methods
platforms
used
for
generating
their
limitations
then
discuss
recent
advancement
organoid
technology.
how
been
model
neurodevelopmental
neurodegenerative
diseases,
including
autism
spectrum
disorder
(ASD),
Rett
syndrome,
Zika
virus-related
microcephaly,
Alzheimer's
(AD),
Parkinson's
(PD),
Huntington's
(HD).
Frontiers in Psychiatry,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
14
Published: July 12, 2023
Tridimensional
cultures
of
human
induced
pluripotent
cells
(iPSCs)
experimentally
directed
to
neural
differentiation,
termed
“brain
organoids”
are
now
employed
as
an
in
vitro
assay
that
recapitulates
early
developmental
stages
nervous
tissue
differentiation.
Technical
progress
culture
methodology
enabled
the
generation
regionally
specialized
organoids
with
structural
and
neurochemical
characters
distinct
encephalic
regions.
The
technical
process
organoid
elaboration
is
undergoing
progressively
implementation,
but
current
robustness
has
attracted
attention
psychiatric
research
substitute/complement
animal
experimentation
for
analyzing
pathophysiology
disorders.
Numerous
morphological,
structural,
molecular
functional
insights
disorders
have
been
uncovered
by
comparing
brain
made
iPSCs
obtained
from
control
healthy
subjects
patients.
Brain
were
also
response
conventional
treatments,
search
new
drugs,
anticipate
therapeutic
individual
patients
a
personalized
manner.
In
this
review,
we
gather
data
studying
cerebral
three
most
frequent
serious
disorders:
schizophrenia,
major
depression
disorder,
bipolar
disorder.
Among
these
studies,
emphasize:
(i)
origin
pathologies
takes
place
embryonic
development;
(ii)
existence
shared
pathogenic
aspects
among
disorders;
(iii)
occurrence
differences
between
bearing
same
(iv)
alterations
can
be
activated
or
aggravated
environmental
signals
genetic
risk
Advanced Materials Technologies,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
9(4)
Published: Jan. 4, 2024
Abstract
The
mechanical
characterization
of
cell
spheroids,
one
the
most
widely
used
3D
biology
models
in
vitro,
is
a
hotspot
current
research
on
role
played
by
response
cells
and
tissues.
techniques
proposed
so
far
literature,
while
providing
important
scientific
insights,
require
specialized
equipment
technical
skills
that
are
not
usually
available
facilities.
Here,
an
innovative
rheo‐optical
compression
assay
presented:
it
based
microscopy
glass
coverslips
as
load
applied
to
spheroids
standard
culture
plates
image
acquisition
with
optical
microscope
or
even
smartphone
equipped
adequate
magnification
lenses.
Mechanical
properties
can
be
simply
obtained
correlating
deformation
measured
analysis.
low‐cost,
user‐friendly
features
technique
boost
mechanobiology
making
easily
affordable
any
biomedical
lab
Advanced Science,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
11(14)
Published: Feb. 7, 2024
Abstract
Organoids
are
becoming
increasingly
relevant
in
biology
and
medicine
for
their
physiological
complexity
accuracy
modeling
human
disease.
To
fully
assess
biological
profile
while
preserving
spatial
information,
spatiotemporal
imaging
tools
warranted.
While
previously
developed
techniques,
such
as
four‐dimensional
(4D)
live
light‐sheet
have
yielded
important
clinical
insights,
these
technologies
lack
the
combination
of
cyclic
multiplexed
analysis.
address
challenges,
bioorthogonal
click
chemistry
is
applied
to
display
first
demonstration
fixed
patient‐derived
glioblastoma
tumor
organoids.
This
technology
exploits
quench
fluorescent
signals
from
surface
intracellular
labeled
cells
across
multiple
cycles,
allowing
more
accurate
efficient
molecular
profiling
complex
phenotypes.
Herein,
versatility
this
demonstrated
screening
markers
organoids
conserving
viability.
It
anticipated
that
findings
applications
work
can
be
broadly
translated
into
investigating
developments
other
organoid
systems.
Allergy,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: June 13, 2024
Abstract
Background
and
Objective
The
updated
World
Health
Organization
(WHO)
air
quality
guideline
recommends
an
annual
mean
concentration
of
fine
particulate
matter
(PM2.5)
not
exceeding
5
or
15
μg/m
3
in
the
short‐term
(24
h)
for
no
more
than
3–4
days
annually.
However,
90%
global
population
is
currently
exposed
to
daily
concentrations
surpassing
these
limits,
especially
during
extreme
weather
conditions
due
transboundary
dust
transport
influenced
by
climate
change.
Herein,
effect
respirable
<PM2.5
inorganic
silica
particle
exposures
on
epithelial
barrier
integrity
was
simultaneously
evaluated
within
biomimetic
microfluidic
platform‐based
airway
(AEB)‐on‐a‐chip
human
bronchoscopic
ex
vivo
tissue
models,
comparatively.
Methods
Silica
particles
at
average
size
1
μm,
referred
as
<PM2.5,
dose‐dependently
tested
MTT
LDH
analyses.
elicited
dose
800
μg/mL
applied
cells
(Calu‐3)
seeded
membrane
air–liquid
interface
AEB‐on‐a‐chip
platform,
which
operated
under
static
dynamic
bronchoscopy
bronchial
slices
72
h.
For
both
healthy
groups
were
comparatively
investigated.
Computational
fluid
dynamics
simulations
performed
assess
shear
stress
profiles
different
flow
conditions.
Qualitative
quantitative
analyses
carried
out
evaluate
resilience
via
cell
survivability,
morphology,
integrity,
permeability,
inflammation.
Results
In
exposure
PM2.5
disrupted
AEB
increasing
decreasing
adhesion‐barrier
markers
such
ZO‐1
,
Vinculin
ACE2
CD31
impaired
viability
increased
expression
levels
proinflammatory
markers;
IFNs
IL‐6
IL‐1s
TNF‐α
CD68
CD80
Inos
mostly
Besides,
decreased
viability,
β‐catenin
E‐cadherin
also
response
with
elevated
IL‐1
α,
IFN‐Ɣ
markers,
observed
after
tissue.
Conclusion
duration
that
can
be
natural
events
aligns
our
model
(0–800
h).
At
this
level
exposure,
demonstrated
platform
emulating
forces
body
biopsy
slices.
Lung‐on‐a‐chip
models
will
serve
reliable
context.