SARS-CoV-2 infection in hamsters and humans results in lasting and unique systemic perturbations after recovery

Science Translational Medicine, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 14(664)

Published: June 7, 2022

The host response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection can result in prolonged pathologies collectively referred as post-acute sequalae of COVID-19 (PASC) or long COVID. To better understand the mechanism underlying COVID biology, we compared short- and long-term systemic responses golden hamster after either SARS-CoV-2 influenza A virus (IAV) infection. Results demonstrated that exceeded IAV its capacity cause permanent injury lung kidney uniquely affected olfactory bulb (OB) epithelium (OE). Despite a lack detectable infectious virus, OB OE myeloid T cell activation, proinflammatory cytokine production, an interferon correlated with behavioral changes extending month viral clearance. These sustained transcriptional could also be corroborated from tissue isolated individuals who recovered COVID-19. data highlight molecular for persistent symptomology provide small animal model explore future therapeutics.

Language: Английский

---

Long-term gastrointestinal outcomes of COVID-19

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: March 7, 2023

Abstract A comprehensive evaluation of the risks and 1-year burdens gastrointestinal disorders in post-acute phase COVID-19 is needed but not yet available. Here we use US Department Veterans Affairs national health care databases to build a cohort 154,068 people with COVID-19, 5,638,795 contemporary controls, 5,859,621 historical controls estimate set pre-specified incident outcomes. We show that beyond first 30 days infection, exhibited increased spanning several disease categories including motility disorders, acid related (dyspepsia, gastroesophageal reflux disease, peptic ulcer disease), functional intestinal acute pancreatitis, hepatic biliary disease. The were evident who hospitalized during graded fashion across severity spectrum (non-hospitalized, hospitalized, admitted intensive care). consistent comparisons vs control group as referent category. Altogether, our results SARS-CoV-2 infection are at risk COVID-19. Post-covid should involve attention

Language: Английский

---

SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells in the changing landscape of the COVID-19 pandemic

Immunity, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 55(10), P. 1764 - 1778

Published: Aug. 18, 2022

Language: Английский

---

Innate metabolic responses against viral infections

Nature Metabolism, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 4(10), P. 1245 - 1259

Published: Oct. 20, 2022

Language: Английский

---

COVID-19 and liver disease

Gut, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 71(11), P. 2350 - 2362

Published: June 14, 2022

Knowledge on SARS-CoV-2 infection and its resultant COVID-19 in liver diseases has rapidly increased during the pandemic. Hereby, we review manifestations pathophysiological aspects related to patients without disease as well impact of with chronic (CLD), particularly cirrhosis transplantation (LT). been associated overt proinflammatory cytokine profile, which probably contributes substantially observed early late abnormalities. CLD, decompensated cirrhosis, should be regarded a risk factor for severe death. LT was impacted pandemic, mainly due concerns regarding donation recipients. However, did not represent per se worse outcome. Even though scarce, data specific therapy special populations such recipients seem promising. vaccine-induced immunity seems impaired CLD recipients, advocating revised schedule vaccine administration this population.

Language: Английский

---

Mucosal immune response in biology, disease prevention and treatment

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 10(1)

Published: Jan. 7, 2025

Abstract The mucosal immune system, as the most extensive peripheral network, serves frontline defense against a myriad of microbial and dietary antigens. It is crucial in preventing pathogen invasion establishing tolerance. A comprehensive understanding immunity essential for developing treatments that can effectively target diseases at their entry points, thereby minimizing overall impact on body. Despite its importance, our knowledge remains incomplete, necessitating further research. outbreak severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has underscored critical role disease prevention treatment. This systematic review focuses dynamic interactions between mucosa-associated lymphoid structures related diseases. We delve into basic functions these tissues during processes explore intricate regulatory networks mechanisms involved. Additionally, we summarize novel therapies clinical research advances immunity-related also addresses challenges vaccines, which aim to induce specific responses while maintaining tolerance non-pathogenic microbes. Innovative therapies, such nanoparticle vaccines inhalable antibodies, show promise enhancing offer potential improved

Language: Английский

---

Impact of COVID-19 on the liver and on the care of patients with chronic liver disease, hepatobiliary cancer, and liver transplantation: An updated EASL position paper

Journal of Hepatology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 77(4), P. 1161 - 1197

Published: July 20, 2022

Language: Английский

---

SARS-CoV-2 infection impairs the insulin/IGF signaling pathway in the lung, liver, adipose tissue, and pancreatic cells via IRF1

Metabolism, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 133, P. 155236 - 155236

Published: June 7, 2022

COVID-19 can cause multiple organ damages as well metabolic abnormalities such hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and new onset of diabetes. The insulin/IGF signaling pathway plays an important role in regulating energy metabolism cell survival, but little is known about the impact SARS-CoV-2 infection. aim this work was to investigate whether infection impairs host cell/tissue, if so, potential mechanism association with pathology.To determine on pathway, we utilized transcriptome datasets infected cells tissues from public repositories for a wide range high-throughput gene expression data: autopsy lungs patients compared control non-COVID-19 patients; human ACE2 transgenic mouse mock; pluripotent stem (hPSC)-derived liver organoids SARS-CoV-2; adipose model overexpressing via adeno-associated virus serotype 9 (AAV9) GFP after infection; iPS-derived pancreatic mock control. Gain loss IRF1 function models were established HEK293T and/or Calu3 evaluate signaling. To understand mechanistic regulation relevance risk factors, older age, male sex, obesity, diabetes, several transcriptomes respiratory, metabolic, endocrine tissue analyzed. estimate severity, whole blood critical those hospitalized noncritical COVID-19.We found that impaired genes, IRS, PI3K, AKT, mTOR, MAPK, lung, liver, tissue, cells. impairments attributed interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF1), its highly relevant factors severe COVID-19; increased aging specifically men; augmented by obese diabetic conditions islets. activation significantly associated intron variant rs17622656-A, which previously reported be prevalence, frequently American European population. Critical exhibited higher lower genes patients. Hormonal interventions, dihydrotestosterone dexamethasone, ameliorated pathological traits infectable tissues.The present study provides first scientific evidence tissues. This feature likely contributes severity cell/tissue damage abnormalities, may exacerbated older, male, obese, or

Language: Английский

---

COVID-19-associated liver injury: Clinical characteristics, pathophysiological mechanisms and treatment management

Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 154, P. 113568 - 113568

Published: Aug. 17, 2022

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), has become a global epidemic and poses major threat to public health. In addition COVID-19 manifesting as disease, patients with also have complications in extrapulmonary organs, including liver damage. Abnormal function is relatively common patients; its clinical manifestations can range from an asymptomatic elevation of enzymes decompensated hepatic function, injury more prevalent critical patients. Liver comprehensive effect mediated multiple factors, damage directly SARS-CoV-2, drug-induced damage, hypoxia reperfusion dysfunction, immune stress inflammatory factor storms. Patients chronic (especially alcohol-related nonalcoholic fatty cirrhosis hepatocellular carcinoma) are at increased risk death after infection aggravates disease. This article reviews the latest SARS-CoV-2 reports, focusing on underlying mechanism, expounds risk, treatment vaccine safety transplantation.

Language: Английский

---

Choosing a cellular model to study SARS-CoV-2

Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: Oct. 21, 2022

As new pathogens emerge, challenges must be faced. This is no different in infectious disease research, where identifying the best tools available laboratories to conduct an investigation can, at least initially, particularly complicated. However, context of emerging virus, such as SARS-CoV-2, which was recently detected China and has become a global threat healthcare systems, developing models infection pathogenesis urgently required. Cell-based approaches are crucial understanding coronavirus biology, growth kinetics, tropism. Usually, laboratory cell lines first line experimental study viral pathogenicity perform assays aimed screening antiviral compounds efficient blocking replication viruses, saving time resources, reducing use animals. determining ideal type can challenging, especially when several researchers have adapt their studies specific requirements. review strives guide scientists who venturing into studying SARS-CoV-2 help them choose right cellular models. It revisits basic concepts virology presents currently

Language: Английский

---