Advanced materials for micro/nanorobotics

Chemical Society Reviews, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 53(18), P. 9190 - 9253

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Autonomous micro/nanorobots capable of performing programmed missions are at the forefront next-generation micromachinery. These small robotic systems predominantly constructed using functional components sourced from micro- and nanoscale materials; therefore, combining them with various advanced materials represents a pivotal direction toward achieving higher level intelligence multifunctionality. This review provides comprehensive overview for innovative micro/nanorobotics, focusing on five families that have witnessed most rapid advancements over last decade: two-dimensional materials, metal-organic frameworks, semiconductors, polymers, biological cells. Their unique physicochemical, mechanical, optical, properties been integrated into to achieve greater maneuverability, programmability, intelligence, multifunctionality in collective behaviors. The design fabrication methods hybrid discussed based material categories. In addition, their promising potential powering motion and/or (multi-)functionality is described fundamental principles underlying explained. Finally, extensive use variety applications, including environmental remediation, (bio)sensing, therapeutics,

Language: Английский

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Roadmap for Clinical Translation of Mobile Microrobotics

Advanced Materials, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 36(23)

Published: Feb. 21, 2024

Medical microrobotics is an emerging field to revolutionize clinical applications in diagnostics and therapeutics of various diseases. On the other hand, mobile has important obstacles pass before translation. This article focuses on these challenges provides a roadmap medical microrobots enable their use. From concept "magic bullet" physicochemical interactions complex biological environments applications, there are several translational steps consider. Clinical translation only possible with close collaboration between experts researchers address technical microfabrication, safety, imaging. The application potential can be materialized by designing that solve current main challenges, such as actuation limitations, material stability, imaging constraints. strengths weaknesses progress discussed for near future outlined.

Language: Английский

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Nature-inspired miniaturized magnetic soft robotic swimmers

Applied Physics Reviews, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 11(2)

Published: April 24, 2024

State-of-the-art biomedical applications such as targeted drug delivery and laparoscopic surgery are extremely challenging because of the small length scales, requirements wireless manipulation, operational accuracy, precise localization. In this regard, miniaturized magnetic soft robotic swimmers (MSRS) attractive candidates since they offer a contactless mode operation for path maneuvering. Inspired by nature, researchers have designed these small-scale intelligent machines to demonstrate enhanced swimming performance through viscous fluidic media using different modes propulsion. review paper, we identify classify nature-inspired basic that been optimized over large evolutionary timescales. For example, ciliary like Paramecium Coleps covered with tiny hairlike filaments (cilia) beat rhythmically coordinated wave movements propulsion gather food. Undulatory spermatozoa midge larvae use traveling body waves push surrounding fluid effective highly environments. Helical bacteria rotate their slender whiskers (flagella) locomotion stagnant viscid fluids. Essentially, all three employ nonreciprocal motion achieve spatial asymmetry. We provide mechanistic understanding magnetic-field-induced spatiotemporal symmetry-breaking principles adopted MSRS at scales. Furthermore, theoretical computational tools can precisely predict magnetically driven deformation fluid–structure interaction discussed. Here, present holistic descriptive recent developments in smart material systems covering wide spectrum fabrication techniques, design, applications, strategies, actuation, modeling approaches. Finally, future prospects promising systems. Specifically, synchronous tracking noninvasive imaging external agents during vivo clinical still remains daunting task. experimental demonstrations mostly limited vitro ex phantom models where dynamics testing conditions quite compared conditions. Additionally, multi-shape morphing multi-stimuli-responsive modalities active structures demand further advancements 4D printing avenues. Their multi-state configuration an solid-fluid continuum would require development multi-scale models. Eventually, adding multiple levels intelligence enhance adaptivity, functionalities, reliability critical applications.

Language: Английский

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Translational nanorobotics breaking through biological membranes

Chemical Society Reviews, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

In the dynamic realm of translational nanorobotics, endeavor to develop nanorobots carrying therapeutics in rational vivo applications necessitates a profound understanding biological landscape human body and its complexity. Within this landscape, membranes stand as critical barriers successful delivery therapeutic cargo target site. Their crossing is not only challenge for nanorobotics but also pivotal criterion clinical success therapeutic-carrying nanorobots. Nevertheless, despite their urgency, strategies membrane remain relatively underrepresented scientific literature, signaling an opportunity further research innovation. This review focuses on with various propulsion mechanisms from chemical physical hybrid mechanisms, it identifies describes four essential that represent needed be crossed journey applications. First entry point into blood stream, which skin or mucosa intravenous injection; next exit bloodstream across endothelium site; cell through plasma and, finally, escape lysosome, otherwise destroys cargo. The discusses design challenges inherent translating nanorobot technologies real-world provides overview documented crossings. aim underscore need interdisciplinary collaborations between chemists, materials scientists biologists vital domain has potential revolutionize field precision medicine.

Language: Английский

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Magnetic Micro/nanorobots in Cancer Theranostics: From Designed Fabrication to Diverse Applications

ACS Nano, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 19, 2025

Cancer poses a substantial threat and serious challenge to public human health, driving the promotion of sophisticated technologies for cancer therapy. While conventional chemotherapy has bottlenecks such as low delivery efficiency, strong toxic side effects, tumor enrichment barriers, magnetic micro/nanorobots (MNRs) emerge promising therapeutic candidates that provide alternative strategies MNR is kind human-made machine micro- or nanosized, reasonably designed, performs command tasks through self-actuated externally controlled propulsion mechanisms, which can be potentially applied in theranostics. Here, this review first introduces components constitute typical MNR, including body part, control function sensing part. Subsequently, elucidates representative fabrication methods construct MNRs from top-down approaches bottom-up approaches, covering injection molding, self-rolling, melt electrospinning writing, deposition, biotemplate method, lithography, assembling, 3D printing, chemical synthesis. Furthermore, focuses on multiple applications facing diagnosis treatment, encompassing imaging, quantification, drug release, synergy with therapies, cell manipulation, surgical assistance. Then, systematically elaborates biocompatibility biosafety MNRs. Finally, challenges faced by are discussed alongside future research directions. This intended scientific guidance may improve comprehension cognition theranostics platform MNRs, promoting prospering practical application development

Language: Английский

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Adaptable navigation of magnetic microrobots

Nature Reviews Materials, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 9(2), P. 90 - 90

Published: Jan. 26, 2024

Language: Английский

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Magnetic-Controlled Microrobot: Real-Time Detection and Tracking through Deep Learning Approaches

Micromachines, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(6), P. 756 - 756

Published: June 5, 2024

As one of the most significant research topics in robotics, microrobots hold great promise biomedicine for applications such as targeted diagnosis, drug delivery, and minimally invasive treatment. This paper proposes an enhanced YOLOv5 (You Only Look Once version 5) microrobot detection tracking system (MDTS), incorporating a visual algorithm to elevate precision small-target tracking. The improved network structure is used take magnetic bodies with sizes 3 mm 1 length 2 pretraining targets, training weight model obtain position information motion real time. experimental results show that accuracy size 95.81%, representing increase 2.1%; mm, 91.03%, 1.33%; 91.7%, 1.5%. combination vision can effectively realize real-time magnetically controlled microrobots. Finally, 2D 3D experiments relating are designed verify robustness effectiveness system, which provides strong support operation control vivo environment.

Language: Английский

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Automated Magnetic Microrobot Control: From Mathematical Modeling to Machine Learning

Mathematics, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(14), P. 2180 - 2180

Published: July 11, 2024

Microscale robotics has emerged as a transformative field, offering unparalleled opportunities for innovation and advancement in various fields. Owing to the distinctive benefits of wireless operation heightened level safety, magnetic actuation widely adopted technique field microrobotics. However, factors such Brownian motion, fluid dynamic flows, nonlinear forces introduce uncertainties motion micro/nanoscale robots, making it challenging achieve precise navigational control complex environments. This paper presents an extensive review encompassing trajectory from theoretical foundations generation modeling fields well field-actuation methods microrobots. We traditional learning-based approaches robotic systems at micro/nanoscale, then these are compared. Unlike conventional navigation based on mathematical models, can directly learn signals data without relying models. endows micro/nanorobots with high adaptability environments whose models difficult/impossible obtain. hope that this provide insights guidance researchers interested automated microrobot control.

Language: Английский

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Intelligent hydrogen-ammonia combined energy storage system with deep reinforcement learning

Renewable Energy, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 121725 - 121725

Published: Oct. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

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Magneto‐Thermal Hydrogel Swarms for Targeted Lesion Sealing

Advanced Healthcare Materials, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Oct. 24, 2024

Abstract Magnetic microswarms capable of performing navigation to targeted lesions show great potential for in vivo medical applications. However, using the swarms lesion cavity filling encounters challenges from precise delivery and sealing. Herein, this work develops a magneto‐thermal hydrogel swarm consisting magnetic particles, which can perform phase transition induced by temperature change. The particles are prepared temperature‐responsive matrix, tissue adhesive monomers, microparticles. be remolded various shapes, it used seal perforation phantom gastric tissue. also serve as drug carriers, their release profiles changes characterized. Finally, delivery, adaptive filling, sealing ulcer achieved ex environments.

Language: Английский

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