Soil microbiomes and one health

Nature Reviews Microbiology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 21(1), P. 6 - 20

Published: Aug. 23, 2022

Language: Английский

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Organic and conservation agriculture promote ecosystem multifunctionality

Science Advances, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 7(34)

Published: Aug. 20, 2021

Considering agroecosystem multifunctionality is essential for designing sustainable cropping systems.

Language: Английский

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Global systematic review with meta-analysis reveals yield advantage of legume-based rotations and its drivers

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13(1)

Published: Aug. 22, 2022

Abstract Diversified cropping systems, especially those including legumes, have been proposed to enhance food production with reduced inputs and environmental impacts. However, the impact of legume pre-crops on main crop yield its drivers has never systematically investigated in a global context. Here, we synthesize 11,768 observations from 462 field experiments comparing legume-based non-legume systems show that legumes enhanced by 20%. These advantages decline increasing N fertilizer rates diversity system. The benefits are consistent among crops (e.g., rice, wheat, maize) evident across pedo-climatic regions. Moreover, greater (32% vs. 7%) observed low- high-yielding environments, suggesting increase low Africa or organic agriculture). In conclusion, our study suggests rotations offer critical pathway for enhancing production, when integrated into low-input low-diversity agricultural systems.

Language: Английский

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Ageing threatens sustainability of smallholder farming in China

Nature, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 616(7955), P. 96 - 103

Published: Feb. 22, 2023

Language: Английский

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Organic amendments enhance soil microbial diversity, microbial functionality and crop yields: A meta-analysis

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 829, P. 154627 - 154627

Published: March 17, 2022

Language: Английский

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Plant biodiversity promotes sustainable agriculture directly and via belowground effects

Trends in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 27(7), P. 674 - 687

Published: March 9, 2022

Modern agriculture is characterized by monocultures, which rely on external inputs and contribute to greenhouse gas emissions biodiversity loss.Biodiversity drives ecosystem functions through multiple mechanisms.The importance of plant–soil feedbacks mediated soil microbial communities in biodiversity–ecosystem functioning (BEF) relationships for agricultural practices increasingly recognized.BEF research can guide the development diversification that not only species diversity but mechanisms stemming from composition functional traits enhance both above- belowground functions.We identify how plant may carbon retention soils via effects microorganisms.Diversification requires a fundamental ecological understanding underlying alleviate trade-offs between desired crop yields. While positive relationship well established, extent this processes poorly understood. Growing evidence suggests community structure influences diversity, turn promotes sustainable agriculture. Here, we outline 'plant-directed' microbe-mediated expected promote BEF. We knowledge be utilized schemes maximize agroecosystems, are typically poor sensitive biotic abiotic stressors. In face resource overexploitation global change, bridging gaps science crucial meet food security Anthropocene. Biodiversity stabilizes provisioning services, such as biomass production, nutrient cycling supporting processes, storage, pollination, or reduction pests pathogens [1.Balvanera P. et al.Quantifying services.Ecol. Lett. 2006; 9: 1146-1156Crossref PubMed Scopus (1765) Google Scholar, 2.Cardinale B.J. al.The role producer ecosystems.Am. J. Bot. 2011; 98: 572-592Crossref (804) 3.van der Plas F. naturally assembled communities.Biol. Rev. Camb. Philos. Soc. 2019; 94: 1220-1245PubMed Scholar]. Agricultural systems depleted [4.Savary S. burden major crops.Nat. Ecol. Evol. 3: 430-439Crossref (611) Scholar] stress, including drought [5.Liang X.-Z. al.Determining climate US total productivity.Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. A. 2017; 114: E2285-E2292Crossref (88) The use synthetic fertilizer pesticide intensive has negative consequences environment also production itself. recent review, de Vries [6.de W. Impacts nitrogen ecosystems human health: mini review.Curr. Opin. Environ. Health. 2021; 21100249Google illustrated, based field studies, pollution (from runoff aerial deposition) terrestrial causes loss eutrophication acidification with cascading throughout chain Pesticides found at far distances their site accumulating chains, toxic non-target threatening health, reviewed detail Carvalho [7.Carvalho F.P. Pesticides, environment, safety.Food Energy Secur. 6: 48-60Crossref (562) To guarantee growing population [8.Bruinsma World Agriculture: Towards 2015/2030. An FAO Perspective. Earthscan, 2003Google Scholar,9.Karasov T.L. al.What natural variation teach us about resistance durability.Curr. Plant Biol. 2020; 56: 89-98Crossref (6) Scholar], increases yields must further erode capital relies. Ecological intensification (see Glossary) support services recognized option achieve [10.Kleijn D. al.Ecological intensification: gap practice.Trends 34: 154-166Abstract Full Text PDF (172) This would allow transition away increasing characteristic intensification, resulting degradation within environments beyond [11.Herrero M. al.Articulating effect innovation Sustainable Development Goals.Lancet Planet. 5: e50-e62Abstract (39) Scholar,12.Pingali P.L. Green revolution: impacts, limits, path ahead.Proc. 2012; 109: 12302-12308Crossref (832) underpinning BEF under active discussion. most focused aboveground mechanisms, influence consecutively below- [13.Wagg C. al.Soil determine multifunctionality.Proc. 2014; 111: 5266-5270Crossref (932) Scholar,14.Prommer al.Increased growth, biomass, turnover drive organic accumulation higher diversity.Glob. Change 26: 669-681Crossref (76) Our links increased years (e.g., [15.Thakur M.P. al.Plant–soil temporal dynamics diversity–productivity relationships.Trends 101: 265Google Scholar]), feedback loops becoming clear [16.Mariotte feedback: sciences.Trends 2018; 33: 129-142Abstract (0) uncovered different dimensions link functioning, implications [17.Manning al.Transferring function management 'real-world' ecosystems.in: Eisenhauer N. Mechanisms Underlying Relationship Between Ecosystem Function. Academic Press, 2019: 323-356Crossref (34) three fields interlinked yet developed. A current key challenge gain mechanistic functioning. Such viewpoint will benefit order create generally applicable rules design schemes. describe insights used efficiently harness associated functions. At intersection these fields, need bridged understand could plant-directed those (Figure 1, Key figure ). Various [18.Tilman al.Biodiversity functioning.Annu. Syst. 45: 471-493Crossref (820) 19.Barry K.E. future complementarity: disentangling consequences.Trends 167-180Abstract (122) 20.S.L. Cappelli, al., Partitioning trophic levels, Monogr. press.Google Multiple meta-analyses over 100 experiments consistently showed primary productivity, commonly studied Scholar,21.Cardinale al.Effects groups ecosystems.Nature. 443: 989-992Crossref (1285) Scholar]). There produce large amounts independent neighboring [22.Cardinale its impact humanity.Nature. 486: 59-67Crossref (3520) inclusion few productive diverse mixtures productivity selection effects. addition, complementary interactions many [23.Loreau Hector complementarity experiments.Nature. 2001; 412: 72-76Crossref (1835) Scholar,24.Fargione al.From shifts biodiversity-productivity long-term experiment.Proc. 2007; 274: 871-876Google Similarly, other energy transfer levels water efficiency driven species, is, grassland experiment tree respectively. Barry al. classify into partitioning rooting depths), hosting pollinators), facilitation microclimate [19.Barry stability resilience stressors events, suggested modeling species' responses fluctuating Yachi Loreau [25.Yachi environment: insurance hypothesis.Proc. 1999; 96: 1463-1468Crossref (1747) later confirmed data Isbell [26.Isbell extremes.Nature. 2015; 526: 574-577Crossref (638) (the hypothesis). Increasing often reduced disease risk due dilution [27.Keesing risk.Ecol. 485-498Crossref (953) particularly when disturbance-caused underlies gradients [28.Halliday F.W. biodiversity.Ecol. 23: 1611-1622Crossref (23) Moreover, changes host following rather than richness per se explain occur 29.Cappelli S.L. al.Sick plants communities: growth-defense trade-off main driver fungal pathogen abundance impact.Ecol. 1349-1359Crossref 30.Liu X. al.Random underestimates foliar diseases fertilization.Ecol. 8: 1705-1713Crossref (17) Liu [30.Liu showed, an Chinese grassland, warming enrichment induced loss, more random loss. results Cappelli [29.Cappelli factorially manipulated richness, composition, suggest nitrogen-induced slow-growing, disease-resistant mechanism this. meta-analysis Halliday confirms mainly observed Together, studies highlight relevance dependence change drivers. grows spatial scales [31.Isbell across times places.Ecol. 21: 763-778Crossref Scholar,32.Steudel B. along environmental stress gradients.Ecol. 15: 1397-1405Crossref (114) With scale, dimension Scholar,31.Isbell [24.Fargione importance, likely because spatiotemporal variations conditions affect intensities [32.Steudel Overall, should focus impacted time. Many provided biodiversity, like retention, weed control, suppression, important hence classified agroecosystem Scholar,33.Duru al.How implement biodiversity-based services: review.Agron. Sustain. Dev. 35: 1259-1281Crossref (227) maximizes yield short term, crops high monocultures supplemented nutrients pesticides. scenario, adding provide limited benefits Often, does increase [34.Letourneau D.K. al.Does agroecosystems? review.Ecol. Appl. 9-21Crossref (476) Scholar,35.Tamburini G. al.Agricultural without compromising yield.Sci. Adv. eaba1715Crossref However, improve potentially reduce pesticides, irrigation, fertilization Crop – even monoculture two-cultivar reduces Scholar,36.Zhu Y. al.Genetic control rice.Nature. 2000; 406: 718-722Crossref (992) Also, distribution trait abundances, strong predictor multifunctionality includes (N) inorganic N supply, sometimes [37.Finney D.M. Kaye J.P. Functional cover polycultures system.J. 54: 509-517Crossref (112) Figure 2, ways space time systems.Figure 3Plant cycling.Show full captionPlant impacts multitrophic assembly growth. hypothesize more-diverse rhizodeposits cycling, growth formation complex necromass, form matter (SOM) persistent degradation. Red arrows: plant-driven (green arrows). High (blue arrows), (brown arrows).View Large Image ViewerDownload Hi-res image Download (PPT) any measures helps some function, lack general framework From farmer's perspective, decide whether suitable option. Therefore, efforts needed potential [38.German R.N. al.Relationships among aspects agriculture's productivity: agriculture.Biol. 92: 716-738Crossref especially providing simultaneously Scholar,17.Manning Scholar,37.Finney Often depends partly each capacities [39.van al.Jack-of-all-trades European forests.Nat. Commun. 2016; 7: 11109Crossref (27) Since good [20.S.L. Scholar,40.Isbell al.Benefits agroecosystems.J. 105: 871-879Crossref (232) dilute single 'Jack-of-all-trades' likely: intermediate while low-diversity better maximizing context if particular desired, it beneficial efficient function. facilitation, help above additive level implies where maximize, identity additional (thereafter service crop) essential functions, yield. definition target given choice accordingly. they provide: experiment, Wagg legume crops, nutrient-rich comes cost nitrate capture susceptibility pathogenic fungi, Brassicaceae suppressing microbes [41.Wagg al.Full-season services.Agriculture. 11: 830Crossref (2) scheme (complementarity effects). For example, pest alleviated legumes [42.Iverson A.L. al.Do win–wins services? meta-analysis.J. 51: 1593-1602Crossref Thus, occur, strategic Similar principles apply varieties [43.Montazeaud al.Multifaceted multifaceted yield: towards varietal mixtures.J. 57: 2285-2295Crossref (5) oftentimes strengthen time, has, been reported longest-running Cedar Creek Natural History Area cropping accumulate time: build up decline [44.Bennett A.J. al.Meeting demand production: grown rotations.Biol. 87: 52-71Crossref (261) become less longer timescales. might vary depending perennial annual plants. expect arable systems, tilled regularly, stronger disturbance tilling harvest disrupt buildup agroecosystems pastures agroforestry weaken happen aboveground, multitude belowground. These include involved partitioning, decomposition, (belowground) pathogens, mutualistic and/or bacterial Further driving Beneficial acquisition, defense, tolerance, capture, [45.van Heijden M.G.A. al.Mycorrhizal determines variability productivity.Nature

Language: Английский

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Diversifying crop rotation increases food production, reduces net greenhouse gas emissions and improves soil health

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: Jan. 3, 2024

Abstract Global food production faces challenges in balancing the need for increased yields with environmental sustainability. This study presents a six-year field experiment North China Plain, demonstrating benefits of diversifying traditional cereal monoculture (wheat–maize) cash crops (sweet potato) and legumes (peanut soybean). The diversified rotations increase equivalent yield by up to 38%, reduce N 2 O emissions 39%, improve system’s greenhouse gas balance 88%. Furthermore, including crop stimulates soil microbial activities, increases organic carbon stocks 8%, enhances health (indexed selected physiochemical biological properties) 45%. large-scale adoption cropping systems Plain could 32% when wheat–maize follows alternative rotation farmer income 20% while benefiting environment. provides an example sustainable practices, emphasizing significance diversification long-term agricultural resilience health.

Language: Английский

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The soil crisis: the need to treat as a global health problem and the pivotal role of microbes in prophylaxis and therapy

Microbial Biotechnology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 14(3), P. 769 - 797

Published: March 10, 2021

Summary Soil provides a multitude of services that are essential to healthily functioning biosphere and continuity the human race, such as feeding growing population sequestration carbon needed counteract global warming. Healthy soil availability is limiting parameter in provision number these services. As result anthropogenic abuses, natural warming‐promoted extreme weather events, Planet Earth currently experiencing an unprecedented crisis deterioration, desertification erosive loss increasingly prejudices it provides. Such pivotal Sustainability Development Goals formulated by United Nations. Immediate coordinated action on scale urgently required slow ultimately reverse healthy soils. Despite ‘dirt‐dust’, non‐vital appearance soil, highly dynamic living entity, whose life overwhelmingly microbial. The microbiota, which constitutes greatest reservoir donor microbial diversity Earth, acts vast bioreactor, mediating myriad chemical reactions turn biogeochemical cycles, recycle wastes, purify water, underpin other Fuelling belowground bioreactor aboveground plant photosynthetic surface captures solar energy, fixes inorganic CO 2 organic carbon, channels fixed energy into soil. In order muster effective response crisis, avoid further restore unhealthy soils, we need new coherent approach, namely deal with soils worldwide patients health care create (i) public system for development policies land use, conservation, restoration, recommendations prophylactic measures, monitoring identification problems (epidemiology), organizing responses, etc., (ii) healthcare charged care: promotion good practices, implementation prophylaxis institution therapies treatment restoration drylands. These systems be national but there also desperate international coordination. To enable effective, evidence‐based strategies will efforts systems, substantial investment wide‐ranging interdisciplinary research disease mandatory. This must lead level understanding soil:biota functionalities underlying key ecosystem enables formulation diagnosis‐prophylaxis‐therapy pathways sustainable protection different types resources climatic zones. conservation‐regenerative‐restorative measures complemented educative‐political‐economic‐legislative framework incentives encouraging knowledge, policy, economic others, laws promote adherence principles restorative management. And: all engaged improving health; everyone has duty ( https://www.bbc.co.uk/ideas/videos/why‐soil‐is‐one‐of‐the‐most‐amazing‐things‐on‐eart/p090cf64 ). Creative application microbes, microbiomes biotechnology central successful operation systems.

Language: Английский

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Agricultural management and pesticide use reduce the functioning of beneficial plant symbionts

Nature Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 6(8), P. 1145 - 1154

Published: July 7, 2022

Language: Английский

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Increasing the number of stressors reduces soil ecosystem services worldwide

Nature Climate Change, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(5), P. 478 - 483

Published: March 16, 2023

Increasing the number of environmental stressors could decrease ecosystem functioning in soils. Yet this relationship has never been globally assessed outside laboratory experiments. Here, using two independent global standardized field surveys, and a range natural human factors, we test between exceeding different critical thresholds maintenance multiple services across biomes. Our analysis shows that, stressors, from medium levels (>50%), negatively significantly correlates with impacts on services, that crossing high-level threshold (over 75% maximum observed levels), reduces soil biodiversity globally. The >75% was consistently seen as an important predictor therefore improving prediction functioning. findings highlight need to reduce dimensionality footprint ecosystems conserve function.

Language: Английский

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