Scattering and absorbing aerosols in the climate system

Nature Reviews Earth & Environment, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 3(6), P. 363 - 379

Published: May 24, 2022

Language: Английский

---

The global impacts of COVID-19 lockdowns on urban air pollution

Elementa Science of the Anthropocene, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 9(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2021

The coronavirus-19 (COVID-19) pandemic led to government interventions limit the spread of disease which are unprecedented in recent history; for example, stay at home orders sudden decreases atmospheric emissions from transportation sector. In this review article, current understanding influence emission reductions on pollutant concentrations and air quality is summarized nitrogen dioxide (NO2), particulate matter (PM2.5), ozone (O3), ammonia, sulfur dioxide, black carbon, volatile organic compounds, carbon monoxide (CO). first 7 months following onset pandemic, more than 200 papers were accepted by peer-reviewed journals utilizing observations ground-based satellite instruments. Only about one-third literature incorporates a specific method meteorological correction or normalization comparing data lockdown period with prior reference despite importance doing so interpretation results. We use stringency index (SI) as an indicator severity measures show how key pollutants change SI increases. observed decrease NO2 increasing general agreement inventories that account lockdown. Other compounds such O3, PM2.5, CO also broadly covered. Due chemistry O3 PM2.5 concentrations, their responses may not be linear respect primary pollutants. At most sites, we found increased, whereas decreased slightly, SI. Changes other understudied. highlight future research needs emerging sets preview state atmosphere world targeted permanent emissions. Finally, emphasize need effects meteorology, trends, when determining concentrations.

Language: Английский

---

Tracking the global reduction of marine traffic during the COVID-19 pandemic

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 12(1)

Published: April 27, 2021

Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in unparalleled global impacts on human mobility. In the ocean, ship-based activities are thought to have been impacted due severe restrictions movements and changes consumption. Here, we quantify map change marine traffic during first half of 2020. There were decreases 70.2% Exclusive Economic Zones but varied spatially temporally alignment with confinement measures. Global declines peaked April, a reduction occupancy 1.4% found across 54.8% sampling units. Passenger vessels presented more marked longer lasting decreases. A regional assessment Western Mediterranean Sea gave further insights regarding pace recovery long-term changes. Our approach provides guidance for large-scale monitoring progress potential effects vessel that may subsequently influence blue economy ocean health.

Language: Английский

---

Global tropospheric ozone responses to reduced NO _x emissions linked to the COVID-19 worldwide lockdowns

Science Advances, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 7(24)

Published: June 9, 2021

Global ozone plunged during the COVID-19 pandemic: a glimpse into future benefits for air quality and climate.

Language: Английский

---

Impacts of the COVID‐19 pandemic on human–nature interactions: Pathways, evidence and implications

People and Nature, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 3(3), P. 518 - 527

Published: April 6, 2021

The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic and the global response have dramatically changed people's lifestyles in much of world. These major changes, as well associated changes impacts on environment, can alter dynamics direct interactions between humans nature (hereafter human-nature interactions) far beyond those concerned with animals sources novel human infections. There may be a variety consequences for both people nature.Here, we suggest conceptual framework understanding how COVID-19 might affect interactions. This highlights three different, but not mutually exclusive, pathways: (a) opportunity, (b) capability (c) motivation.Through this framework, also that there are several feedback loops by which induced lead to further these such could persist over long term, including after it has ended.The pandemic, had most tragic consequences, viewed 'global natural experiment' provide unprecedented mechanistic insights into complex processes possible strategies manage them best effect. A free Plain Language Summary found within Supporting Information article.新型コロナウイルス感染症の流行（以降、「コロナ感染症」）や世界規模での感染症対策の実施は、人々のライフスタイルを劇的に変化させた。こうしたライフスタイルの変化やそれに伴う環境への影響の変化は、人間と自然との直接的な関わり合い（以降、「人と自然との相互作用」）のダイナミクスを、人畜共通感染症の文脈をはるかに超えた広い範囲で変化させる可能性がある。こうした人と自然の相互作用の変化は、人間と自然の双方に様々な影響をもたらすだろう。。本論文では、コロナ感染症が人と自然の相互作用のダイナミクスにどのような影響を与えるのかを理解するために有効な概念的枠組みを提案する。この枠組みは、人と自然の相互作用の変化が、（一）「機会」の変化、（二）「能力」の変化、（三）「動機」の変化という三つの異なる経路によってもたらされることを示している。またこの枠組みは、コロナ感染症によって引き起こされた人と自然の相互作用の変化が、複数のフィードバックを介して新たな相互作用の変化をもたらし、その影響はコロナ感染症が収束した後も長期にわたって持続し得ることも示唆している。コロナ感染症は極めて悲劇的な状況をもたらしたが、一方でこうした状況は人と自然の相互作用に関する「地球規模の自然実験」とみなすこともできる。この自然実験を利用することによって、人と自然の相互作用の複雑なプロセスとダイナミクスに関する新たな知見を獲得するとともに、この相互作用の適切な管理戦略を検討することができるだろう。.

Language: Английский

---

Increased Anxiety and Depression Among Belgian Sexual Minority Groups During the First COVID-19 Lockdown—Results From an Online Survey

Frontiers in Public Health, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 10

Published: April 11, 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic most likely had a negative impact on mental health. Sexual minorities are at higher risk for adverse outcomes such as depression, anxiety and suicidal ideation. Such health disparities may have exacerbated during the pandemic, due to restricted real-life social contact. study aim was examine changes in ideation among Belgian sexual minority adults between periods before first lockdown. We conducted an online survey, which disseminated by community organizations throughout Belgium April 2020. questionnaire included two-item Generalized-Anxiety-Disorder (GAD-2) Patient-Health-Questionnaire (PHQ-2) measures. To assess how symptoms other factors (e.g., loneliness) changed, we asked what extent these occurred since 965 fully completed questionnaires analysis. proportions of participants screening positive depression were significantly lockdown than lockdown, based their reported periods: 29.3%% vs. 13.5% ( p < 0.001), 37.1% 25.7% 0.001) respectively. Lonely young more acquire depression. About one five Our findings suggest that has already existing general population. These exacerbations be result increased loneliness isolation. results highlight need stimulating strengthening connectedness within LGBTQI aftermath maintaining services groups restrictions.

Language: Английский

---

Grand Challenges in Satellite Remote Sensing

Frontiers in Remote Sensing, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 2

Published: Feb. 24, 2021

SPECIALTY GRAND CHALLENGE article Front. Remote Sens., 24 February 2021 | https://doi.org/10.3389/frsen.2021.619818

Language: Английский

---

Integrate ecosystem services into socio-economic development to enhance achievement of sustainable development goals in the post-pandemic era

Geography and sustainability, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 2(1), P. 68 - 73

Published: March 1, 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has stalled and rolled back progress on Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Ecosystem services (ESs), defined as the contributions of ecosystems to human well-being, underpin achievement SDGs. To promote SDG in post-pandemic era, we teased out links between ESs SDGs while examining impact COVID-19. We found that benefited all SDGs, yet man-made pressures led degradation their services. There is broad consensus virus lurks degraded generates spillover due interference. global lockdown/restriction disrupted flow altered demand, threatening efforts for suggested: 1) study association traceability ESs-SDGs under pandemic; 2) prioritize pressing issues such health care, livelihood, resource security long run, should human-nature harmony achieve SDGs; 3) enhance through local community efforts, accounting, ecosystem restoration. This paper provides insights into importance ways integrate socio-economic development after pandemic.

Language: Английский

---

Achieving the Sustainable Development Goals in the post-pandemic era

Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 9(1)

Published: Aug. 6, 2022

Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic continues to pose substantial challenges achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Exploring systematic SDG strategies is urgently needed aid recovery from and reinvigorate global actions. Based on available data comprehensive analysis of literature, this paper highlights ongoing facing SDGs, identifies effects progress, proposes a framework for promoting achievement SDGs in post-pandemic era. Progress towards attaining was already lagging behind even before onset pandemic. Inequitable distribution food–energy–water resources environmental crises clearly threaten implementation. Evidently, there are gaps between vision realization actual capacity that constrain national efforts. turbulent geopolitical environment, spatial inequities, trade-offs limit effectiveness public health crisis socio-economic downturn under have further impeded progress toward SDGs. Not only has delayed advancement general, but it also amplified imbalances undermined connectivity, accentuated anti-globalization sentiment lockdowns conflicts. Nevertheless, positive developments technology improvement conditions occurred. In reflecting overall situation globally, recommended actions adopt “Classification–Coordination–Collaboration” framework. Classification facilitates both identification current development status urgency aligned with conditions. Coordination promotes domestic/international inter-departmental synergy short-term as well long-term development. Cooperation key strengthening economic exchanges, technological innovation, building culture sustainable essential if endeavor be successful. Systematic get process back track.

Language: Английский

---

Global patterns of daily CO2 emissions reductions in the first year of COVID-19

Nature Geoscience, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 15(8), P. 615 - 620

Published: June 30, 2022

The diurnal cycle CO$_2$ emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production reflect seasonality, weather conditions, working days, more recently the impact of COVID-19 pandemic. Here, for first time we provide a daily emission dataset whole year 2020 calculated inventory near-real-time activity data (called Carbon Monitor project: https://carbonmonitor.org). It was previously suggested preliminary estimates that did not cover entire pandemics may have caused than 8% annual decline global emissions. Here show detailed full reduction only 5.4% (-1,901 MtCO$_2$, ). This decrease is 5 times larger drop at peak 2008 Global Financial Crisis. However, gradually recovered towards 2019 levels late April with partial re-opening. More importantly, even increased slightly by +0.9% in December compared 2019, indicating trends rebound Later waves infections corresponding lockdowns further reductions particularly western countries, but to much smaller extent declines wave. That substantial world-wide led one-time one highlights significant challenges climate change mitigation face post-COVID era. These are significant, will be quickly overtaken new unless crisis utilized as break-point our fossil-fuel trajectory, notably through policies make recovery an opportunity green national energy development plans.

Language: Английский

---