Harvesting the benefits of nutritional research to address global challenges in the 21st century

Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 54(2), P. 343 - 363

Published: March 25, 2023

Abstract Over the past 20 years, substantial progress has been made in improving feeds and feeding technologies for most aquaculture species. Notable improvements feed conversion efficiency (through a better understanding of requirements improved management) ingredient sustainability increased capability to use wider range ingredients) have achieved. While advances many main species, there is still much be done defining requirements, especially species being farmed developing world. Gains are slowing developed but potential gains appreciable less There growing need more precisely prescribe required levels essential nutrients various additives diet based on age, genotype, environment, immune status deliver “precision nutrition” approach farming further diversify our options provide greater resilience, as different sources, including possible climate change impacts, becoming issue. demand biocircularity supply chains. Ultimately, what needed sustain future needs sustainable sources cost‐effective protein, some amino acid additives, omega‐3 fatty resources, minerals vitamin additives. The increasing new varied resources will ensure that food safety remains an important issue throughout Feed manufacturing evolved from simplistic exercise highly complex science with state‐of‐the‐art engineering, its application not consistent across all sectors, widespread pelleting, mash, trash fish Similarly, management also dichotomized between world, high reliance manual skilled labor whereas advanced systems increasingly reliant automated computer‐controlled systems.

Language: Английский

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Potential of shrimp waste meal and insect exuviae as sustainable sources of chitin for fish feeds

Aquaculture, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 567, P. 739256 - 739256

Published: Jan. 15, 2023

Aquaculture is one of the world's fastest growing food-producing sectors, providing more than half all fish consumed globally for human nutrition. However, to maintain such growth and meet increasing demand aquatic food, sustainable raw materials feeds are needed. In this regard, insects represent most promising alternatives meal (FM) protein source use in aquafeeds. addition protein, contain bioactive compounds, as chitin, which a natural polysaccharide abundantly present pupal exuviae some insects. Studies have shown that dietary chitin or its derivate chitosan acts prebiotic thus modulating gut microbial communities fish. Accordingly, study aimed evaluate effect two waste products rich i.e., shrimp head (SHM), insect (Hermetia illucens) on microbiota rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Three isoproteic, isolipidic, isoenergetic diets containing either FM, SHD, combination FM 1.6% (PEM) were tested through 91-day feeding trial. At end experiment, no differences final mean body weight, specific rate, feed conversion ratio values observed between experimental groups. Mortality was <1% it did not correlate with diet entire duration modulatory detected. Indeed, bacterial species richness improved by including exuviae. particular, Firmicutes Actinobacteria phyla, mainly represented Bacillus, Facklamia, Brevibacterium, Corynebacterium genera, enriched receiving These genera chitinolytic short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs)-producing bacteria. SCFAs production confirmed gas chromatography analysis, detected highest amount butyrate feces fed meal. Functional inference analysis intestinal using PICRUST metagenome prediction tool, showed response diet. eleven pathways significantly different control PEM diet, whereas twenty functional traits SHM Overall, our data from insect's represents ingredient, better SHM, positively trout.

Language: Английский

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Sustainable Fish Feeds with Insects and Probiotics Positively Affect Freshwater and Marine Fish Gut Microbiota

Animals, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(10), P. 1633 - 1633

Published: May 14, 2023

Aquaculture is the fastest-growing agricultural industry in world. Fishmeal an essential component of commercial fish diets, but its long-term sustainability a concern. Therefore, it important to find alternatives fishmeal that have similar nutritional value and, at same time, are affordable and readily available. The search for high-quality oil has interested researchers worldwide. Over past 20 years, different insect meals been studied as potential alternate source aquafeeds. On other hand, probiotics-live microbial strains-are being used dietary supplements showing beneficial effects on growth health status. Fish gut microbiota plays significant role nutrition metabolism, which affects number physiological functions, including development, immune regulation, pathogen resistance. One key reasons studying possibility modify communities inhabit intestine benefit host health. development DNA sequencing technologies advanced bioinformatics tools made metagenomic analysis feasible method researching microbes. In this review, we analyze summarize current knowledge provided by studies our research group using meal probiotic aquafeed formulations their microbiota. We also highlight future directions make proteins sustainable aquaculture explore challenges associated with use probiotics. Insect probiotics will undoubtedly positive effect profitability aquaculture.

Language: Английский

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Genetics and Nutrition Drive the Gut Microbiota Succession and Host-Transcriptome Interactions through the Gilthead Sea Bream (Sparus aurata) Production Cycle

Biology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11(12), P. 1744 - 1744

Published: Nov. 30, 2022

Fish genetically selected for growth (GS) and reference (REF) fish were fed with CTRL (15% FM, 5–7% FO) or FUTURE (7.5% 10% poultry meal, 2.2% oil + 2.5% DHA-algae oil) diets during a 12-months production cycle. Samples from initial (t0; November 2019), intermediate (t1; July 2020) final (t2; sampling points used Illumina 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing of the adherent microbiota anterior intestine (AI). same individuals (t1) also expression profiling AI by RNA-seq, subsequent correlation analyses abundances. Discriminant indicated gut bacterial succession along cycle proliferation some valuable taxa facing seasonality different developmental stages. An effect genetic background was evidenced time, decreasing through progression trial, namely GS less influenced changes in diet composition. At these showed wider transcriptomic landmarks to cope changes. Our results highlighted an enhanced intestinal sphingolipid phospholipid metabolism, epithelial turnover motility fish, which would favour their improved performance despite lack association Furthermore, supported involvement down-regulated pro-inflammatory markers boosting extracellular remodelling response bacterium. Altogether, findings support combined action microbiome host transcriptionally mediated effects preserve improve health function scenario potentiality.

Language: Английский

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Influence of host phylogeny and water physicochemistry on microbial assemblages of the fish skin microbiome

FEMS Microbiology Ecology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 100(3)

Published: Feb. 14, 2024

Abstract The skin of fish contains a diverse microbiota that has symbiotic functions with the host, facilitating pathogen exclusion, immune system priming, and nutrient degradation. composition microbiomes varies across species in response to variety stressors, however, there been no systematic analysis these studies evaluate how factors shape microbiomes. Here, we examined 1922 from 36 included 98 nine rearing conditions investigate associations between microbiome, species, water physiochemical factors. Proteobacteria, particularly class Gammaproteobacteria, were present all marine freshwater Acinetobacter, Aeromonas, Ralstonia, Sphingomonas Flavobacterium most abundant genera within microbiomes, Alteromonas, Photobacterium, Pseudoalteromonas, Psychrobacter Vibrio saltwater fish. Our results show different culturing (rearing) environments have small but significant effect on bacterial community compositions. Water temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen concentration, salinity significantly correlated differences beta-diversity not necessarily alpha-diversity. To improve study comparability provide recommendations for approaches analyses sequencing data reproducibility.

Language: Английский

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Relationship between gut microbiota and Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) health and growth performance in freshwater recirculating aquaculture systems

Frontiers in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: Feb. 7, 2023

Gut microbiota play important roles in fish health and growth performance the microbiome has been shown to be a biomarker for stress. In this study, we surveyed change of Chinook salmon ( Oncorhynchus tshawytscha ) gut water freshwater recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) 7 months evaluated how microbial communities were influenced by performance. The diversity significantly increased parallel with fish. dominant shifted from predominance Firmicutes Proteobacteria, while Proteobacteria constantly dominated microbiota. Photobacterium sp. was persistently major community member during whole experiment identified as core farmed salmon. No significant variation composition observed among different At end trial, 36 out 78 had fluid their swim bladders. These microbiomes containing elevated proportions Enterococcus, Stenotrophomonas , Aeromonas, Raoultella . Our study supports growing body knowledge about beneficial associated modern provides additional information on possible links between dysbiosis

Language: Английский

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Disentangling the link between zebrafish diet, gut microbiome succession, and Mycobacterium chelonae infection

Animal Microbiome, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 5(1)

Published: Aug. 10, 2023

Abstract Background Despite the long-established importance of zebrafish ( Danio rerio ) as a model organism and their increasing use in microbiome-targeted studies, relatively little is known about how husbandry practices involving diet impact gut microbiome. Given microbiome’s important role mediating host physiology potential for to drive variation microbiome composition, we sought clarify three different dietary formulations that are commonly used facilities We compared composition microbiomes approximately 60 AB line adult (129- 214-day-old) fed each throughout lifespan. Results Our analysis finds has substantial on fish, also impacts developmental further evaluated 214-day-old fish compositions respond exposure common laboratory pathogen, Mycobacterium chelonae , whether these responses differ function diet. determines manner which responds M. exposure, especially moderate low abundance taxa. Moreover, histopathological male diets differentially infected by . Conclusions Overall, our results indicate drives successional development well its sensitivity exogenous exposure. Consequently, investigators should carefully consider investigations, when integrating across studies vary

Language: Английский

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Exploring the application of Corynebacterium glutamicum single cell protein in the diet of flathead grey mullet (Mugil cephalus): effects on growth performance, digestive enzymes activity and gut microbiota

Frontiers in Marine Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 10

Published: June 15, 2023

The capacity of utilising a single cell protein (SCP) ingredient coming from Corynebacterium glutamicum was assessed on adult grey mullet ( Mugil cephalus ) reared in captive conditions. experiment carried out using triplicate groups 68 g average initial body weight. Three diets, SCP0, SCP10 and SCP20 with increasing inclusion SCP (0%, 10% 20%) substitution soybean, poultry fish meal were formulated to contain 30% protein, fat 18.5 Mj/kg feed digestible energy. After 113 days, fed diets presented significantly lower growth performance significant activity the alkaline proteases aminopeptidases compared diet without inclusion. Gut microbiota appeared modulated by being dominated at phylum level Fusobacteria SCP0 (51.1%), while (67.3%) (53.2%) Proteobacteria dominant. Data evinces deficiency utilisation as cause poor diets. A hypothesis has been proposed that an incomplete cell-wall lysis accounts for this outcome because particular organisation digestive system (which lack acidic stomach digestion) failing development functional gizzard (no access sand conditions). Even though outcomes research quite unexpected, they will improve our knowledge flathead provide some theoretical basis improved low FM SBM aquafeed species.

Language: Английский

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Aeromonas hydrophila infection in tilapia triggers changes in the microbiota composition of fish internal organs

FEMS Microbiology Ecology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 99(12)

Published: Oct. 25, 2023

Abstract Aeromonas hydrophila is a major pathogenic species that causes mass mortality in various freshwater fish including hybrid tilapia, the main Israeli aquaculture. Our hypothesis was A. infection may cause changes microbiota composition of internal organs, and therefore we aimed to study effect by injection or net handling on compositions intestine, spleen, liver. Significant differences were found between organs diseased healthy both experimental setups. Fusobacteriota most dominant phylum (∼70%, liver). Cetobacterium abundant genus relatively more healthy, compared fish. When inoculated injection, it only spleen liver However, experiment, Vibrio also detected fish, demonstrating coinfection interactions. Based these experiments, conclude indeed, tilapia trigger bacterial

Language: Английский

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Time from feeding impacts farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) gut microbiota and faecal score

Aquaculture, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 579, P. 740174 - 740174

Published: Oct. 5, 2023

In intensive Atlantic salmon aquaculture, faecal score potentially serves as a generalised indicator of gut microbiome diversity and composition proxy for transit time. There is also the possible application to detect dysbiosis. The utility using scoring assessing commercially farmed fish populations may, however, be impacted by rapid temporal changes in digestive status following feeding that, yet, has not been considered. To help inform sampling strategies better understand fish, this study documented scores bacterial 16S rRNA amplicon sequence profiles over 24 h event. Samples were collected from two marine cohorts different seasons (summer winter), comparisons made between non-destructive stripped hindgut faeces (HS) destructive digesta (HD) hind mucosa (HM). Average largely consistent normal (6 8 h) day winter, but much more variable summer, associated with faster passage dynamic microbial hours after feeding. HS samples determined valid method obtain material transient communities distal intestine. For an accurate representation both resident communities, sample types should It recommended that studies comparing treatment cohorts, or individuals large sets, designed capture seasonal effects are microbiome.

Language: Английский

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