A meta-analysis of the stony coral tissue loss disease microbiome finds key bacteria in unaffected and lesion tissue in diseased colonies

ISME Communications, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 3(1)

Published: March 9, 2023

Abstract Stony coral tissue loss disease (SCTLD) has been causing significant whole colony mortality on reefs in Florida and the Caribbean. The cause of SCTLD remains unknown, with limited concurrence SCTLD-associated bacteria among studies. We conducted a meta-analysis 16S ribosomal RNA gene datasets generated by 16 field laboratory studies to find consistent associated across zones (vulnerable, endemic, epidemic), species, compartments (mucus, tissue, skeleton), health states (apparently healthy (AH), unaffected (DU) lesion (DL) from diseased colonies). also evaluated seawater sediment, which may be sources transmission. Although AH colonies endemic epidemic harbor lesions, aquaria samples had distinct microbial compositions, there were still clear differences composition AH, DU, DL combined dataset. Alpha-diversity between was not different; however, DU showed increased alpha-diversity compared indicating that, prior formation, corals undergo disturbance microbiome. This driven Flavobacteriales, especially enriched DU. In DL, Rhodobacterales Peptostreptococcales–Tissierellales prominent structuring interactions. predict an enrichment alpha-toxin is typically found Clostridia. provide consensus during formation identify how these taxa vary studies, compartments, seawater, sediment.

Language: Английский

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Stony coral tissue loss disease induces transcriptional signatures of in situ degradation of dysfunctional Symbiodiniaceae

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: May 22, 2023

Abstract Stony coral tissue loss disease (SCTLD), one of the most pervasive and virulent diseases on record, affects over 22 species reef-building is decimating reefs throughout Caribbean. To understand how different their algal symbionts (family Symbiodiniaceae) respond to this disease, we examine gene expression profiles colonies five from a SCTLD transmission experiment. The included vary in purported susceptibilities SCTLD, use inform analyses both animal Symbiodiniaceae. We identify orthologous genes exhibiting lineage-specific differences that correlate susceptibility, as well are differentially expressed all response infection. find infection induces increased rab7 , an established marker situ degradation dysfunctional Symbiodiniaceae, accompanied by genus-level shifts Symbiodiniaceae photosystem metabolism expression. Overall, our results indicate symbiophagy across severity influenced identity.

Language: Английский

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Stony coral tissue loss disease: a review of emergence, impacts, etiology, diagnostics, and intervention

Frontiers in Marine Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 10

Published: Jan. 25, 2024

Stony coral tissue loss disease (SCTLD) is destructive and poses a significant threat to Caribbean reef ecosystems. Characterized by the acute of tissue, SCTLD has impacted over 22 stony species across region, leading visible declines in health. Based on duration, lethality, host range, spread this disease, considered most devastating outbreak ever recorded. Researchers are actively investigating cause transmission SCTLD, but exact mechanisms, triggers, etiological agent(s) remain elusive. If left unchecked, could have profound implications for health resilience reefs worldwide. To summarize what known about identify potential knowledge gaps, review provides holistic overview research, including susceptibility, transmission, ecological impacts, etiology, diagnostic tools, defense treatments. Additionally, future research avenues highlighted, which also relevant other diseases. As continues spread, collaborative efforts necessary develop effective strategies mitigating its impacts critical These need include researchers from diverse backgrounds underrepresented groups provide additional perspectives that requires creative urgent solutions.

Language: Английский

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Microorganisms and dissolved metabolites distinguish Florida's Coral Reef habitats

PNAS Nexus, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 2(9)

Published: Sept. 1, 2023

Abstract As coral reef ecosystems experience unprecedented change, effective monitoring of features supports management, conservation, and intervention efforts. Omic techniques show promise in quantifying key components including dissolved metabolites microorganisms that may serve as invisible sensors for ecosystem dynamics. Dissolved are released by organisms transferred among microorganisms, acting chemical currencies contributing to nutrient cycling signaling on reefs. Here, we applied four omic (taxonomic microbiome via amplicon sequencing, functional shotgun metagenomics, targeted metabolomics, untargeted metabolomics) waters overlying Florida's Coral Reef, well profiling individual colonies from these reefs understand how microbes reflect biogeographical, benthic, properties this 500-km barrier reef. We the microbial metabolite approaches each differentiated habitats based geographic zone. Further, seawater metabolomics were significantly related more habitat characteristics, such amount hard soft coral, compared metagenomic sequencing metabolomics. Across five species, microbiomes also zone, followed species disease status, suggesting water circulation patterns Florida impact builders. A combination differential abundance indicator analyses revealed signatures specific zones, which demonstrates utility provide new insights into broader processes.

Language: Английский

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Microorganisms uniquely capture and predict stony coral tissue loss disease and hurricane disturbance impacts on US Virgin Island reefs

Environmental Microbiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 26(4)

Published: April 1, 2024

Coral reef ecosystems are now commonly affected by major climate and disease disturbances. Disturbance impacts typically recorded using benthic cover, but this may be less reflective of other ecosystem processes. To explore the potential for water-based disturbance indicators, we conducted a 7-year time series on US Virgin Island reefs where examined cover water nutrients microorganisms from 2016 to 2022, which included two disturbances: hurricanes Irma Maria in 2017 stony coral tissue loss outbreak starting 2020. The coincided with largest changes habitat, increases percent turf algae Ramicrusta, an invasive alga. While sampling timepoint contributed most nutrient composition microbial community beta diversity, both disturbances led ammonium concentration, mechanism likely contributing observed shifts. We identified 10 taxa that were sensitive predictive increasing concentration. This decline oligotrophic photoautotrophic Prochlorococcus enrichment heterotrophic taxa. As impact reefs, changing regimes foster type microbialization, process hastens degradation.

Language: Английский

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Bacteria and Archaea Within Coral Reef Ecosystems

Coral reefs of the world, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 25 - 39

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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When Microbial Interactions Go Wrong: Coral Bleaching, Disease, and Dysbiosis

Coral reefs of the world, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 169 - 180

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Resolving Symbiodiniaceae Diversity Across Coral Microhabitats and Reef Niches

Environmental Microbiology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 27(3)

Published: March 1, 2025

Dinoflagellates of the family Symbiodiniaceae are important symbionts diverse marine animals and they also occupy different environmental niches on coral reefs. The link between diversity at ecosystem-scale to microhabitats within holobiont is largely unknown. Using ITS2-amplicon sequencing, we compared communities across four environments (seawater, near-reef vs. distant sediments turf algae) two (tissue, mucus) a reef in Red Sea. We found that habitats were both dominated by genera Symbiodinium, Cladocopium Durusdinium, but additionally harboured Fugacium, Gerakladium Halluxium. Each habitat distinct community. Nonetheless, 17 ITS2 sequences shared among part nearly half type profiles coral-based communities. Tissues mucus 49 colonies from had identical Together with large difference those tissue mucus, our results indicate clear barrier host-associated marked only few complete profiles. Monitoring after sampling confirmed its suitability for long-term monitoring coral-associated

Language: Английский

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Novel metagenomics analysis of stony coral tissue loss disease

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 3, 2024

Stony coral tissue loss disease (SCTLD) has devastated reefs off the coast of Florida and continues to spread throughout Caribbean. Although a number bacterial taxa have consistently been associated with SCTLD, no pathogen definitively implicated in etiology SCTLD. Previous studies predominantly focused on prokaryotic community through 16S rRNA sequencing healthy affected tissues. Here, we provide different analytical approach by applying bioinformatics pipeline publicly available metagenomic samples SCTLD lesions tissues from four stony species. To compensate for lack reference genomes, used data apparently approximate host genome microbiome reference. These reads were then as which matched removed diseased lesion samples, remaining only taxonomically classified at DNA protein levels. For classifications, identification protocol originally designed identify pathogens human fast sequence aligner. assess utility our pipeline, species-level analysis candidate genus,

Language: Английский

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Stony coral tissue loss disease intervention with amoxicillin leads to a reversal of disease‐modulated gene expression pathways

Molecular Ecology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 32(19), P. 5394 - 5413

Published: Aug. 30, 2023

Abstract Stony coral tissue loss disease (SCTLD) remains an unprecedented outbreak due to its high mortality rate and rapid spread throughout Florida's Coral Reef wider Caribbean. A collaborative effort is underway evaluate strategies that mitigate the of SCTLD across colonies reefs, including restoration disease‐resistant genotypes, genetic rescue, intervention with therapeutics. We conducted in‐situ experiment in Southeast Florida assess molecular responses among SCTLD‐affected Montastraea cavernosa pre‐ post‐application most widely used method, CoreRx Base 2B amoxicillin. Through Tag‐Seq gene expression profiling apparently healthy, diseased, treated corals, we identified modulation metabolomic immune pathways following antibiotic treatment. In a complementary ex‐situ challenge experiment, exposed nursery‐cultured M. Orbicella faveolata fragments donor corals compare transcriptomic profiles clonal individuals from unexposed controls, those displaying signs, not signs. Suppression metabolic functional groups activation stress as result exposure were apparent both species. Amoxicillin treatment led ‘reversal’ majority implicated response, suggesting potential recovery application. addition increasing our understanding SCTLD, provide resource managers evidence antibiotics appears be successful may help modulate SCTLD. These results contribute feasibility assessments efforts outbreaks improved predictions reef health

Language: Английский

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