Resilience and immunity

Brain Behavior and Immunity, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 74, P. 28 - 42

Published: Aug. 10, 2018

Resilience is the process that allows individuals to adapt adverse conditions and recover from them. This favored by individual qualities have been amply studied in field of stress such as personal control, positive affect, optimism, social support. Biopsychosocial studies on promote resilience show these factors help protect against deleterious influences stressors physiology general immunity particular. The reverse also true there evidence immune processes influence resilience. Most data supporting this relationship comes animal differences ability resist situations chronic stress. These build knowledge has accumulated brain behavior both human studies. In general, resilient a different immunophenotype susceptible individuals. It possible render vice versa changing their inflammatory phenotype. adaptive phenotype inflammation-induced symptoms. modulation bidirectional relationships between gut microbiota opens possibility them probiotics prebiotics. However, more focused reciprocal will be necessary before can put into practice.

Language: Английский

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Depression's Unholy Trinity: Dysregulated Stress, Immunity, and the Microbiome

Annual Review of Psychology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 71(1), P. 49 - 78

Published: Sept. 30, 2019

Depression remains one of the most prevalent psychiatric disorders, with many patients not responding adequately to available treatments. Chronic or early-life stress is key risk factors for depression. In addition, a growing body data implicates chronic inflammation as major player in depression pathogenesis. More recently, gut microbiota has emerged an important regulator brain and behavior also been linked However, how this holy trinity interact maintain physiological homeostasis fully understood. review, we integrate from animal human studies on these three etiology progression We focus processes by which microbiota-immune-stress matrix may influence centrally mediated events possible therapeutic interventions correct imbalances triune.

Language: Английский

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Probiotics and the Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis: Focus on Psychiatry

Current Nutrition Reports, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 9(3), P. 171 - 182

Published: May 13, 2020

Abstract Purpose of Review Probiotics are living bacteria, which when ingested in adequate amounts, confer health benefits. Gut microbes suggested to play a role many psychiatric disorders and could be potential therapeutic target. Between the gut brain, there is bi-directional communication pathway called microbiota-gut-brain axis. The purpose this review examine data from recent interventional studies focusing on probiotics gut-brain axis for treatment depression, anxiety schizophrenia. Recent Findings likely improve depression but not Regarding anxiety, only one trial showed an effect multispecies probiotic. However, determinants like duration treatment, dosage interactions have been thoroughly investigated deserve more scientific attention. Summary Microbiome-based therapies such as cautiously recommended enhance beneficial bacteria mood through

Language: Английский

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Cross Talk: The Microbiota and Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Frontiers in Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: Sept. 15, 2017

Humans evolved within a microbial ecosystem resulting in an interlinked physiology. The gut microbiota can signal to the brain via immune system, vagus nerve or other host-microbe interactions facilitated by hormones, regulation of tryptophan metabolism and metabolites such as short chain fatty acids (SCFA), influence development, function behaviour. Emerging evidence suggests that may play role shaping cognitive networks encompassing emotional social domains neurodevelopmental disorders. Drawing upon preclinical clinical evidence, we review potential origins development related Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) Schizophrenia. Small preliminary studies have demonstrated alterations both ASD Schizophrenia compared healthy controls. However, await further mechanistic insights, together with large scale longitudinal trials, encompass systems level dimensional approach, investigate whether promising pre-clinical initial findings lead relevance.

Language: Английский

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The HPA axis dysregulation in severe mental illness: Can we shift the blame to gut microbiota?

Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 102, P. 109951 - 109951

Published: April 24, 2020

Accumulating evidence indicates that patients with severe mental disorders, including major depression, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia present various alterations of the gut microbiota increased intestinal permeability. In addition, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis dysregulation subclinical inflammation have been reported in this group patients. Although it has found HPA appears as a consequence psychosocial stress, especially traumatic life events, exact mechanisms observation remain unclear. Animal model studies unraveled several linking dysfunction. Indeed, can activate through mediators cross blood-brain barrier include microbial antigens, cytokines prostaglandins. There is also species affect ileal corticosterone production may impact activity axis. However, some metabolites released by microbes, e.g., short-chain fatty acids, attenuate response. Moreover, bacteria release neurotransmitters directly interact vagal afferents. It postulated activation article, we discuss summarize current for cross-talk between gut-brain from mood psychotic disorders. Finally, show potential clinical implications arise future investigating respect to

Language: Английский

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