Residual effects of cannabis use in adolescent and adult brains — A meta-analysis of fMRI studies

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 88, P. 26 - 41

Published: March 11, 2018

Language: Английский

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Dissociable effects of cannabis with and without cannabidiol on the human brain’s resting-state functional connectivity

Journal of Psychopharmacology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 33(7), P. 822 - 830

Published: April 23, 2019

Background: Two major constituents of cannabis are Δ 9 -tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD). THC is the main psychoactive component; CBD may buffer user against harmful effects THC. Aims: We examined two strains placebo on human brain’s resting-state networks using fMRI. Methods: Seventeen healthy volunteers (experienced with cannabis, but not regular users) underwent three drug treatments scanning sessions. Treatments were containing (Cann−CBD; 8 mg THC), (Cann+CBD; + 10 CBD), matched cannabis. Seed-based functional connectivity analyses performed brain networks: default mode (DMN; defined by positive posterior cingulate cortex: PCC+), executive control (ECN; negative PCC−) salience (SAL; anterior insula: AI+) network. Results: Reductions in (relative to placebo) seen DMN (PCC+) SAL (AI+) for both spatially dissociable effects. Across entire network (AI+), Cann−CBD reduced relative Cann+CBD. The PCC was specifically disrupted Cann−CBD, this effect correlated subjective effects, including feeling ‘stoned’ ‘high’. Conclusions: disrupts DMN, a key region involved experience intoxication. restores disruption THC, which explain its potential treat disorders such as psychosis addiction.

Language: Английский

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Is the Adolescent Brain at Greater Vulnerability to the Effects of Cannabis? A Narrative Review of the Evidence

Frontiers in Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: Aug. 26, 2020

Cannabis use during the critical neurodevelopmental period of adolescence, may lead to brain structural, functional and histological alterations that underpin some longer term behavioural psychological harms associated with it. The endocannabinoid system performs a key regulatory homeostatic role, undergoes developmental changes adolescence making it potentially more susceptible effects exposure cannabis adolescence. Here, we synthesise evidence from human studies adolescent users showing in cognitive performance as well structure function relevant preclinical summarise current state knowledge. We also focus on limited poses greater risk than adulthood, identify gaps suggest directions for new research. Preclinical evidence, further supports disruption being specific period. Collectively, suggests onset is poorer tasks, though, extent which these deficits persists following an adequate abstinence remains unclear. While, structural do not show great consistency, general increased activation compared non-users. Functional connectivity between regions within known circuits altered underlie observed differences activation, perhaps inefficient recruitment required task performance. Such disordered organisation circuitry those starting adults. Future adequately powered need address limitations systematic quantification use, compare well-defined groups early late-onset adopt study designs help issue cause effect relationship context neurocognitive outcomes interest. Nevertheless, indicates sensitive result adverse appear level permanency into indicating caution when considering therapeutic potential disorders

Language: Английский

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Time since first cannabis use and 12‐month prevalence of cannabis use disorder among youth and emerging adults in the United States

Addiction, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 114(4), P. 698 - 707

Published: Nov. 26, 2018

Abstract Aim This study estimated whether and how the 12‐month prevalence of cannabis use disorder among US youth aged 12–17 emerging adults 18–25 varied by time since first use. Design Repeated cross‐sectional survey data from 2015–17 National Surveys on Drug Use Health (NSDUH). Setting United States. Participants A total 101 000 NSDUH participants 12–25. Measurements Past was assessed using DSM‐IV criteria. Findings Among youth, life‐time 15.3% [95% confidence interval (CI) = 14.86–15.65%]. adults, 52.4% (95% CI 51.77–53.01%). The adjusted with 10.9% 9.24–12.75%) in year after starting use, 13.68–17.12%) second year, 17.7% 15.55–19.97%) third 20.6% 18.23–23.17%) fourth beyond, which consistently higher (linear trend only: P < 0.0001). ranged 5.6% 4.26–7.23%) 7.7% 6.45–9.17%) 9.1% 7.81–10.57%) to 10.5% 9.87%–11.12%) Within each time‐frame users than their adult counterparts. Conclusions States, appears increase initiation is during examined time‐frame.

Language: Английский

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The why behind the high: determinants of neurocognition during acute cannabis exposure

Nature reviews. Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 22(7), P. 439 - 454

Published: May 27, 2021

Language: Английский

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The Behavioral Sequelae of Cannabis Use in Healthy People: A Systematic Review

Frontiers in Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: Feb. 16, 2021

Background: Cannabis is known to have a broad range of effects on behavior, including experiencing “high” and tranquility/relaxation. However, there are several adverse behavioral sequalae that can arise from cannabis use, depending frequency potency (e.g., THC content), age onset, cumulative exposure. This systematic review examined evidence for cannabis-related in otherwise healthy human subjects. Methods: Following PRISMA guidelines, we conducted cross-sectional longitudinal studies 1990 2020 identified outcomes subjects without psychiatric medical co-morbidities PubMed PsychInfo searches. Key search terms included “cannabis” OR “tetrahydrocannabinol” “cannabidiol” “marijuana” AND “anxiety” “depression” “psychosis” “schizophrenia” “OR “IQ” “memory” “attention” “impulsivity” “cognition” “education” “occupation”. Results: Our detected total 2,870 studies, which extracted 124 relevant the literature non-clinical population. Effects sequelae cognition, motivation, impulsivity, mood, anxiety, psychosis intelligence, psychosocial functioning were identified. The preponderance suggests (but not CBD) content, exposure all contribute these individuals pre-existing condition or disorder. strongest negative functioning. Conclusions: Although more research needed determine risk factors development findings underline importance understanding vulnerability cannabis, has implications prevention treatment problematic use.

Language: Английский

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Rates and correlates of cannabis-associated psychotic symptoms in over 230,000 people who use cannabis

Translational Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12(1)

Published: Sept. 6, 2022

Cannabis, a widely used psychoactive substance, can trigger acute cannabis-associated psychotic symptoms (CAPS) in people who use cannabis (PWUC). To assess rates and correlates of CAPS requiring emergency medical treatment, we analyzed data from an international sample PWUC (n = 233,475). We found that 0.47% (95%CI 0.42; 0.52) reported lifetime occurrence CAPS, defined as the hallucinations and/or paranoia treatment following cannabis. A range factors correlated with risk last year: higher were observed young individuals [risk ratio (RR) 2.66, compared to older PWUC] those residing Denmark (RR 3.01, other countries). Furthermore, was elevated using predominantly high-potency resin 2.11, herbal cannabis), mixing tobacco 2.15, not tobacco) diagnosis psychosis 14.01), bipolar 4.30), anxiety 2.92) depression 2.68), without mental health diagnosis. Taken together, self-limiting context may occur about 1 200 PWUC's lifetime. Some could be particularly sensitive adverse psychological effects cannabis, such or pre-existing vulnerabilities. In light movements towards legalization recreational more research should focus on potential harms related use, educate public risks its use.

Language: Английский

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The acute effects of cannabis with and without cannabidiol in adults and adolescents: A randomised, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, crossover experiment

Addiction, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 118(7), P. 1282 - 1294

Published: Feb. 8, 2023

Long-term harms of cannabis may be exacerbated in adolescence, but little is known about the acute effects adolescents. We aimed to (i) compare adolescent and adult users (ii) determine if cannabidiol (CBD) acutely modulates delta-9-tetrahydocannabinol (THC).Randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover experiment. The experiment was registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04851392).Laboratory London, United Kingdom.Twenty-four adolescents (12 women, 16- 17-year-olds) 24 adults 26- 29-year-olds) who used 0.5-3 days/week were matched use frequency (mean = 1.5 days/week).We administered three weight-adjusted vaporised flower preparations: 'THC' (8 mg THC for 75 kg person); 'THC + CBD' CBD 'PLA' (matched placebo).Primary outcomes subjective 'feel drug effect'; verbal episodic memory (delayed prose recall); (iii) psychotomimetic effect (Psychotomimetic States Inventory).Compared with 'PLA', significantly (P < 0.001) increased effect' difference [MD] 6.3, 95% CI 5.3-7.2; MD 6.8, 6.0-7.7), impaired (MD -2.7, -4.1 -1.4; -2.9, -1.7) 7.8, 2.8-12.7; 10.8, 6.2-15.4). There no evidence that differed from their responses (interaction P ≥ 0.4). Bayesian analyses supported equivalent (Bayes factor [BF01 ] >3). modulated THC.Adolescent are neither more resilient nor vulnerable than psychotomimetic, memory-impairing or cannabis. Furthermore, adults, does not mitigate caused by delta-9-tetrahydocannabinol.

Language: Английский

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Acute effects of different types of cannabis on young adult and adolescent resting-state brain networks

Neuropsychopharmacology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 49(10), P. 1640 - 1651

Published: May 28, 2024

Abstract Adolescence is a time of rapid neurodevelopment and the endocannabinoid system particularly prone to change during this time. Cannabis commonly used drug with high prevalence use among adolescents. The two predominant phytocannabinoids are Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) cannabidiol (CBD), which affect system. It unknown whether period development makes adolescents more or less vulnerable effects cannabis on brain-network connectivity, CBD may attenuate THC. Using fMRI, we explored impact vaporized (placebo, THC: 8 mg/75 kg, THC + CBD: kg & 24 CBD) resting-state networks in groups semi-regular users (usage frequency between 0.5 3 days/week), consisting 22 (16–17 years) young adults (26–29 matched for frequency. caused reductions within-network connectivity default mode (F[2,88] = 3.97, P 0.022, η² 0.018), executive control 18.62, < 0.001, 0.123), salience 12.12, 0.076), hippocampal 14.65, 0.087), limbic striatal 16.19, 0.102) compared placebo. Whole-brain analysis showed significantly disrupted functional cortical regions control, salience, hippocampal, did not counteract THC’s further reduced both within whole brain. While age-related differences were observed, there no interactions age group treatment any brain network. Overall, these results challenge assumption that can make safer, as (and some cases potentiated them); furthermore, they show causes similar disruption adolescent adult

Language: Английский

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Cannabis Dampens the Effects of Music in Brain Regions Sensitive to Reward and Emotion

The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 21(1), P. 21 - 32

Published: Aug. 30, 2017

Despite the current shift towards permissive cannabis policies, few studies have investigated pleasurable effects users seek. Here, we investigate of on listening to music, a rewarding activity that frequently occurs in context recreational use. We additionally tested how these are influenced by cannabidiol, which may offset cannabis-related harms.Across 3 sessions, 16 inhaled with without and placebo. compared their response music relative control excerpts scrambled sound during functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging within regions identified meta-analysis music-evoked reward emotion. All results were False Discovery Rate corrected (P<.05).Compared placebo, cannabidiol dampened bilateral auditory cortex (right: P=.005, left: P=.008), right hippocampus/parahippocampal gyrus (P=.025), amygdala ventral striatum (P=.033). Across all this striatal region correlated pleasure ratings (P=.002) increased connectivity P< .001, .001), supporting its involvement reward. Functional between was P=.003, P=.030), did not differ from placebo any measures. Both types wanting listen (P<.002) enhanced perception (P<.001).Cannabis dampens brain sensitive These key constituent, cannabidol.

Language: Английский

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