Photopolymerization in 3D Printing

ACS Applied Polymer Materials, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 1(4), P. 593 - 611

Published: Feb. 20, 2019

The field of 3D printing is continuing its rapid development in both academic and industrial research environments. technologies has opened new implementations prototyping, tooling, dentistry, microfluidics, biomedical devices, tissue engineering, drug delivery, etc. Among different techniques, photopolymerization-based process (such as stereolithography digital light processing) offers flexibility over the final properties printed materials optical, chemical, mechanical properties) using versatile polymer chemistry. strategy behind photopolymerization based on monomers/oligomers liquid state (in presence photoinitiators) that can be photopolymerized (via radical or cationic mechanism) upon exposure to source wavelengths (depending photoinitiator system). An overview recent evolutions highlights novel printable photopolymers provided herein. Challenges limit use conventional (i.e., initiation under UV light) together with prospective solutions such incorporation photosensitive initiators red-shifted absorptions are also discussed detail. This review spotlights progress controlled living techniques reversible addition–fragmentation chain-transfer polymerization) printing, which will pave way for widespread growth generations features possibility postprinting modifications.

Language: Английский

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Electrochemical strategies for C–H functionalization and C–N bond formation

Chemical Society Reviews, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 47(15), P. 5786 - 5865

Published: Jan. 1, 2018

This review provides an overview of the use electrochemistry as appealing platform for expediting carbon–hydrogen functionalization and carbon–nitrogen bond formation.

Language: Английский

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Reversible-deactivation radical polymerization (Controlled/living radical polymerization): From discovery to materials design and applications

Progress in Polymer Science, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 111, P. 101311 - 101311

Published: Oct. 14, 2020

Language: Английский

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Photomediated controlled radical polymerization

Progress in Polymer Science, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 62, P. 73 - 125

Published: July 16, 2016

Language: Английский

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A Toolbox Approach To Construct Broadly Applicable Metal-Free Catalysts for Photoredox Chemistry: Deliberate Tuning of Redox Potentials and Importance of Halogens in Donor–Acceptor Cyanoarenes

Journal of the American Chemical Society, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 140(45), P. 15353 - 15365

Published: Oct. 2, 2018

The targeted choice of specific photocatalysts has been shown to play a critical role for the successful realization challenging photoredox catalytic transformations. Herein, we demonstrate implementation rational design strategy series deliberate structural manipulations cyanoarene-based, purely organic donor-acceptor photocatalysts, using 1,2,3,5-tetrakis(carbazol-9-yl)-4,6-dicyanobenzene (4CzIPN) as starting point. Systematic modifications both donor substituents well acceptors' molecular core allowed us identify strongly oxidizing reducing catalysts (e.g., an unprecedented detriflation unactivated naphthol triflate), which additionally offer remarkably balanced redox potentials with predictable trends. Especially halogen arene substitutions are instrumental our alterations catalysts' properties. Based on their preeminent electrochemical and photophysical characteristics, all novel, were evaluated in three challenging, mechanistically distinct classes benchmark reactions (either requiring balanced, highly or properties) enormous potential customizable that outperform complement prevailing typical best photocatalysts.

Language: Английский

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Photochemistry and photophysics of MOFs: steps towards MOF-based sensing enhancements

Chemical Society Reviews, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 47(13), P. 4710 - 4728

Published: Jan. 1, 2018

In combination with porosity and tunability, light harvesting, energy transfer, photocatalysis, are facets crucial for engineering of MOF-based sensors.

Language: Английский

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Technological Innovations in Photochemistry for Organic Synthesis: Flow Chemistry, High-Throughput Experimentation, Scale-up, and Photoelectrochemistry

Chemical Reviews, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 122(2), P. 2752 - 2906

Published: Aug. 10, 2021

Photoinduced chemical transformations have received in recent years a tremendous amount of attention, providing plethora opportunities to synthetic organic chemists. However, performing photochemical transformation can be quite challenge because various issues related the delivery photons. These challenges barred widespread adoption steps industry. past decade, several technological innovations led more reproducible, selective, and scalable photoinduced reactions. Herein, we provide comprehensive overview these exciting advances, including flow chemistry, high-throughput experimentation, reactor design scale-up, combination photo- electro-chemistry.

Language: Английский

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Seeing the Light: Advancing Materials Chemistry through Photopolymerization

Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 58(16), P. 5170 - 5189

Published: Aug. 1, 2018

The application of photochemistry to polymer and material science has led the development complex yet efficient systems for polymerization, post-functionalization, advanced materials production. Using light activate chemical reaction pathways in these not only leads exquisite control over dynamics, but also allows synthetic protocols be easily achieved. Compared polymerization mediated by thermal, chemical, or electrochemical means, photoinduced can potentially offer more versatile methods macromolecular synthesis. We highlight utility as an energy source mediating photopolymerization, present some promising examples which are advancing production through their exploitation photochemistry.

Language: Английский

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50th Anniversary Perspective: Living Polymerization—Emphasizing the Molecule in Macromolecules

Macromolecules, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 50(18), P. 6979 - 6997

Published: Sept. 17, 2017

The ideal of living polymerization has defined research in polymer chemistry over the past 50 years. In this Perspective, we present case that concept enabled treatment polymers as organic molecules, rather than impure mixtures species, and allowed translation methods developed by synthetic chemists into ever more accessible and/or controlled methods. concurrent development rapid analytical for screening new characteristics, chiefly size exclusion chromatography, greatly aided expansion

Language: Английский

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Organocatalyzed Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization Using N-Aryl Phenoxazines as Photoredox Catalysts

Journal of the American Chemical Society, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 138(35), P. 11399 - 11407

Published: Aug. 24, 2016

N-Aryl phenoxazines have been synthesized and introduced as strongly reducing metal-free photoredox catalysts in organocatalyzed atom transfer radical polymerization for the synthesis of well-defined polymers. Experiments confirmed quantum chemical predictions that, like their dihydrophenazine analogs, photoexcited states phenoxazine are achieve superior performance when they possess charge character. We compare to previously reported dihydrophenazines phenothiazines gain insight into these establish principles catalyst design. A key finding reveals that maintenance a planar conformation during catalytic cycle encourages macromolecules. Using principles, we realized core substituted visible light performed UV-absorbing well organic photocatalysts polymerization. this irradiating with white LEDs resulted production polymers targeted molecular weights through achieving quantitative initiator efficiencies, which dispersities ranging from 1.13 1.31.

Language: Английский

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