Flexible Electronics toward Wearable Sensing

Accounts of Chemical Research, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 52(3), P. 523 - 533

Published: Feb. 15, 2019

ConspectusWearable sensors play a crucial role in realizing personalized medicine, as they can continuously collect data from the human body to capture meaningful health status changes time for preventive intervention. However, motion artifacts and mechanical mismatches between conventional rigid electronic materials soft skin often lead substantial sensor errors during epidermal measurement. Because of its unique properties such high flexibility conformability, flexible electronics enables natural interaction body. In this Account, we summarize our recent studies on design devices systems physical chemical monitoring. Material innovation, design, device fabrication, system integration, employed toward continuous noninvasive wearable sensing are discussed.A typically contains several key components, including substrate, active layer, interface layer. The inorganic-nanomaterials-based layer (prepared by transfer or solution process) is shown have good physicochemical properties, electron/hole mobility, strength. Flexible based printed transferred has great promise sensing. For example, integrating nanowire transistor array matrix conductive pressure-sensitive rubber tactile pressure mapping; tactile-pressure-sensitive e-skin organic light-emitting diodes be integrated instantaneous visualization. Such been applied patches monitor temperature, electrocardiograms, activities. addition, liquid metals could serve an attractive candidate because their excellent conductivity, flexibility, stretchability. Liquid-metal-enabled (based liquid–liquid heterojunctions embedded microchannels) utilized wide range physiological parameters (e.g., pulse temperature).Despite rapid growth technologies, there urgent need development that molecular retrieve more insightful information. We developed sweat-sensing platform real-time multiplexed perspiration analysis. An iontophoresis module sweat enable autonomous programmed extraction. A microfluidics-based was demonstrated sampling, sensing, rate Roll-to-roll gravure printing allows mass production high-performance at low cost. These dehydration monitoring, cystic fibrosis diagnosis, drug glucose monitoring.Future work field should focus designing robust accurately large-scale determine how measured information relates individual's specific conditions. Further research these directions, along with large sets collected via will significant impact future healthcare.

Language: Английский

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Liquid Metal Composites

Matter, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 2(6), P. 1446 - 1480

Published: June 1, 2020

Language: Английский

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Non-Noble Plasmonic Metal-Based Photocatalysts

Chemical Reviews, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 122(11), P. 10484 - 10537

Published: April 19, 2022

Solar-to-chemical energy conversion via heterogeneous photocatalysis is one of the sustainable approaches to tackle growing environmental and challenges. Among various promising photocatalytic materials, plasmonic-driven photocatalysts feature prominent solar-driven surface plasmon resonance (SPR). Non-noble plasmonic metals (NNPMs)-based have been identified as a unique alternative noble metal-based ones due their advantages like earth-abundance, cost-effectiveness, large-scale application capability. This review comprehensively summarizes most recent advances in synthesis, characterization, properties NNPMs-based photocatalysts. After introducing fundamental principles SPR, attributes functionalities NNPMs governing surface/interfacial processes are presented. Next, utilization materials for removal pollutants, water splitting, CO2 reduction, organic transformations discussed. The concludes with current challenges perspectives advancing photocatalysts, which timely important plasmon-based photocatalysis, truly interdisciplinary field across science, chemistry, physics.

Language: Английский

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Recent advances in conductive hydrogels: classifications, properties, and applications

Chemical Society Reviews, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 52(2), P. 473 - 509

Published: Dec. 9, 2022

Hydrogel-based conductive materials for smart wearable devices have attracted increasing attention due to their excellent flexibility, versatility, and outstanding biocompatibility. This review presents the recent advances in multifunctional hydrogels electronic devices. First, with different components are discussed, including pure single network based on polymers, additional additives (i.e., nanoparticles, nanowires, nanosheets), double additives. Second, a variety of functionalities, self-healing, super toughness, self-growing, adhesive, anti-swelling, antibacterial, structural color, hydrophobic, anti-freezing, shape memory external stimulus responsiveness introduced detail. Third, applications flexible illustrated strain sensors, supercapacitors, touch panels, triboelectric nanogenerator, bioelectronic devices, robot). Next, current challenges facing summarized. Finally, an imaginative but reasonable outlook is given, which aims drive further development future.

Language: Английский

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Attributes, Fabrication, and Applications of Gallium‐Based Liquid Metal Particles

Advanced Science, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 7(12)

Published: April 22, 2020

This work discusses the attributes, fabrication methods, and applications of gallium-based liquid metal particles. Gallium-based metals combine metallic fluidic properties at room temperature. Unlike mercury, which is toxic has a finite vapor pressure, gallium possesses low toxicity effectively zero pressure temperature, makes it amenable to many applications. A variety methods produce particles with variable sizes, ranging from nm mm (which upper limit set by capillary length). The nature enables methods-such as microfluidics sonication-that are not possible solid materials. possess several notable including metal-metal oxide (liquid-solid) core-shell structure well ability self-heal, merge, change shape. They also have unusual phase behavior that depends on size no known commercial applications, but they show promise for drug delivery, soft electronics, microfluidics, catalysis, batteries, energy harvesting, composites. Existing challenges future opportunities discussed herein.

Language: Английский

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Emergence of Liquid Metals in Nanotechnology

ACS Nano, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 13(7), P. 7388 - 7395

Published: June 27, 2019

Bulk liquid metals have prospective applications as soft and fluid electrical thermal conductors in electronic optical devices, composites, microfluidics, robotics, metallurgy with unique opportunities for processing, chemistry, function. Yet metals' great potential nanotechnology remains its infancy. Although work to date focuses primarily on Ga, Hg, their alloys, expand the field, we define "liquid metals" alloys melting points (mp) up 330 °C, readily accessible processable even using household kitchen appliances. Such a definition encompasses family of metals-including majority post-transition Zn group elements (excluding itself)-with remarkable versatility physics, engineering. These can create metallic compounds different morphologies, compositions, properties, thereby enabling control over nanoscale phenomena. In addition, presence ionic "pools" within bulk metals, well deviation from classical surfaces provides gaining new capabilities nanotechnology. For example, be used reaction media creating manipulating nanomaterials, promoting reactions, or controlling crystallization dissolved species. Interestingly, enormous surface tensions, yet tension tuned electrically wide range modified via species, such native oxides. The ability interfacial allows these liquids reduced size nanoscale. nature nanoparticles enables shape-reconfigurable structures, creation nanocomposites, dissolution dispersion other materials (or on) metal produce multiphasic heterostructure particles. This Perspective highlights salient features seeks raise awareness future understand utilize

Language: Английский

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Liquid Metal‐Based Transient Circuits for Flexible and Recyclable Electronics

Advanced Functional Materials, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 29(11)

Published: Jan. 29, 2019

Abstract Transient electronics, arising electronic devices with dissolvable or degradable features on demand, is still at an early stage of development due to the limited choices materials and strategies. Herein, a facile fabrication method for transient circuits by combination room‐temperature liquid metals (RTLMs) as circuit water‐soluble poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) packaging material reported. The as‐made exhibit remarkable durability stable electric performance upon bending twisting, while possessing short transience times, owing excellent solubility PVA substrates intrinsic flexibility RTLM patterns. Moreover, RTLM‐based shows extremely high recycling efficiency, up 96% employed can be recovered. As such, economic environmental viability electronics increases substantially. To validate this concept, surface patterning RTLMs complicated shapes demonstrated, antenna subsequently applied passive near‐field communication tag capacitive touch sensor. application sequentially turning off array light‐emitting‐diode lamps also demonstrated. present PVA‐encapsulated substantially expand scope toward flexible recyclable systems.

Language: Английский

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Eutectics: formation, properties, and applications

Chemical Society Reviews, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 50(15), P. 8596 - 8638

Published: Jan. 1, 2021

Various eutectic systems have been proposed and studied over the past few decades. Most of studies focused on three typical types eutectics: metals, salts, deep solvents. On one hand, they are all systems, their principle is same. other representative inorganic organic substances, respectively. They applications in almost fields related to chemistry. Their different but overlapping stem from very properties. In addition, proposal new has greatly boosted development cross-field research involving chemistry, materials, engineering, energy. The goal this review provide a comprehensive overview these eutectics describe task-specific strategies address growing demands.

Language: Английский

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Antibacterial Liquid Metals: Biofilm Treatment via Magnetic Activation

ACS Nano, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 14(1), P. 802 - 817

Published: Jan. 10, 2020

Antibiotic resistance has made the treatment of biofilm-related infections challenging. As such, quest for next-generation antimicrobial technologies must focus on targeted therapies to which pathogenic bacteria cannot develop resistance. Stimuli-responsive represent an alternative technological due their capability delivering treatment. This study provides a proof-of-concept investigation into use magneto-responsive gallium-based liquid metal (LM) droplets as antibacterial materials, can physically damage, disintegrate, and kill pathogens within mature biofilm. Once exposed low-intensity rotating magnetic field, LM become actuated transform shape, developing sharp edges. When placed in contact with bacterial biofilm, movement particles resulting from coupled presence nanosharp edges, ruptures cells dense biofilm matrix is broken down. The efficacy magnetically activated was assessed against both Gram-positive Gram-negative biofilms. After 90 min over 99% species became nonviable, destruction biofilms observed. These results will impact design next-generation, LM-based treatments.

Language: Английский

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Room temperature CO2 reduction to solid carbon species on liquid metals featuring atomically thin ceria interfaces

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 10(1)

Published: Feb. 26, 2019

Abstract Negative carbon emission technologies are critical for ensuring a future stable climate. However, the gaseous state of CO 2 does render indefinite storage this greenhouse gas challenging. Herein, we created liquid metal electrocatalyst that contains metallic elemental cerium nanoparticles, which facilitates electrochemical reduction to layered solid carbonaceous species, at low onset potential −310 mV vs /C. We exploited formation oxide catalyst metal/electrolyte interface, together with promoted room temperature . Due inhibition van der Waals adhesion electrode was remarkably resistant deactivation via coking caused by species. The as-produced materials could be utilised fabrication high-performance capacitor electrodes. Overall, enabled electrocatalytic process may result in viable negative technology.

Language: Английский

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