Evolutionary and Ecological Consequences of Gut Microbial Communities

Annual Review of Ecology Evolution and Systematics, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 50(1), P. 451 - 475

Published: Aug. 29, 2019

Animals are distinguished by having guts—organs that must extract nutrients from food yet also bar invasion pathogens. Most guts colonized nonpathogenic microorganisms, but the functions of these microbes, or even reasons why they occur in gut, vary widely among animals. Sometimes microorganisms have codiversified with hosts; sometimes live mostly elsewhere environment. Either way, gut often benefit hosts. Benefits may reflect evolutionary addiction, whereby hosts incorporate into normal developmental processes. But benefits include novel ecological capabilities; for example, many metazoan clades exist virtue communities enabling new dietary niches. immensely their dependence on lacking them entirely to using as obligate development, nutrition, protection. Many consequences can be ascribed microbial community processes and host's ability shape

Language: Английский

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Ecology and Evolution of Insect–Fungus Mutualisms

Annual Review of Entomology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 65(1), P. 431 - 455

Published: Oct. 14, 2019

The evolution of a mutualism requires reciprocal interactions whereby one species provides service that the other cannot perform or performs less efficiently. Services exchanged in insect–fungus mutualisms include nutrition, protection, and dispersal. In ectosymbioses, which are focus this review, fungi can be consumed by insects degrade plant polymers defensive compounds, thereby making substrate available to insects. They also protect against environmental factors produce compounds antagonistic microbial competitors. Insects disperse provide fungal growth substrates protection. Insect–fungus transition from facultative obligate, each partner is no longer viable on its own. Obligate dependency has ( a) resulted morphological adaptations fungi, b) driven social behaviors some groups insects, c) led loss sexuality mutualists.

Language: Английский

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Dynamics of Insect–Microbiome Interaction Influence Host and Microbial Symbiont

Frontiers in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: June 26, 2020

Insects share an intimate relationship with their gut microflora and this symbiotic association has developed into essential evolutionary outcome intended for survival through extreme environmental conditions. While it been clearly established that insects, very few exceptions, associate several microbes during life cycle, information regarding aspects of these associations is yet to be fully unraveled. Acquisition bacteria by insects marks the onset microbial symbiosis, which followed adaptation bacterial species environment prolonged sustenance successful transmission across generations. Although insect-microbiome have reported each distinctive features, diversifications specializations, still unclear as what led diversifications. Recent studies indicated involvement various processes operating within insect body govern transition a free-living microbe obligate or facultative symbiont eventually leading establishment diversification relationships. Data from studies, summarized in review, indicate partners i.e. undergo genetic, biochemical physiological changes profound influence on cycle biology. An interesting insect-microbe interaction compliance partner its eventual genome reduction. Endosymbionts possess smaller compared forms, thus raising question reductive evolution partner? This review attempts highlight fate implications both host. discussion specific would too voluminous outside scope we present overview some recent contribute better understanding trajectory dynamics speculate that, future, nature could pave path sustainable environmentally safe way controlling economically important pests crop plants.

Language: Английский

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Opportunities and challenges of using metagenomic data to bring uncultured microbes into cultivation

Microbiome, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 10(1)

Published: May 11, 2022

Although there is now an extensive understanding of the diversity microbial life on earth through culture-independent metagenomic DNA sequence analyses, isolation and cultivation microbes remains critical to directly study them confirm their metabolic physiological functions, ecological roles. The majority environmental are as yet uncultured however; therefore, bringing these rare or poorly characterized groups into culture a priority further understand microbiome functions. Moreover, cultivated isolates may find utility in range applications, such new probiotics, biocontrol agents, agents for industrial processes. growing abundance meta-transcriptomic information from wide environments provides more opportunities guide interest. In this paper, we discuss successful methodologies applications that have underpinned recent metagenome-guided microbe efforts. These approaches include determining specific conditions enrich taxa interest, complex strategies specifically target capture species antibody engineering genome editing strategies. With greater degree genomic available uncultivated members, via metagenome-assembled genomes, theoretical requirements will enable possibilities ultimately gain comprehensive microbiomes. Video Abstract.

Language: Английский

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Pesticides: An alarming detrimental to health and environment

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 915, P. 170113 - 170113

Published: Jan. 20, 2024

Language: Английский

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Mechanisms underlying gut microbiota–host interactions in insects

Journal of Experimental Biology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 224(2)

Published: Jan. 15, 2021

ABSTRACT Insects are the most diverse group of animals and colonize almost all environments on our planet. This diversity is reflected in structure function microbial communities inhabiting insect digestive system. As mammals, gut microbiota insects can have important symbiotic functions, complementing host nutrition, facilitating dietary breakdown or providing protection against pathogens. There an increasing number models that experimentally tractable, mechanistic studies microbiota–host interactions. In this Review, we will summarize recent findings advanced understanding molecular mechanisms underlying symbiosis between their microbiota. We open article with a general introduction to then turn towards discussion particular processes governing colonization environment as well beneficial roles mediated by The Review highlights that, although active field research implications for fundamental applied science, still early stage mechanisms. However, expanding capability culture microbiomes manipulate microbe–host interactions promises new insights from symbioses.

Language: Английский

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Role of Insect Gut Microbiota in Pesticide Degradation: A Review

Frontiers in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: May 3, 2022

Insect pests cause significant agricultural and economic losses to crops worldwide due their destructive activities. Pesticides are designed be poisonous intentionally released into the environment combat menace caused by these noxious pests. To survive, insects can resist toxic substances introduced humans in form of pesticides. According recent findings, microbes that live insect as symbionts have recently been found protect hosts against toxins. Symbioses formed between various microbes, a defensive mechanism pathogens Insects’ guts provide unique conditions for microbial colonization, resident bacteria deliver numerous benefits hosts. Insects vary significantly reliance on gut basic functions. digestive tracts very different shape chemical properties, which big impact structure composition community. microbiota has contribute feeding, parasite pathogen protection, immune response modulation, pesticide breakdown. The current review will examine roles detoxification mechanisms behind development resistance better understand detoxifying agriculturally pest insects, we provided comprehensive information regarding role

Language: Английский

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The gut symbiont Sphingomonas mediates imidacloprid resistance in the important agricultural insect pest Aphis gossypii Glover

BMC Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 21(1)

Published: April 17, 2023

Abstract Background Neonicotinoid insecticides are applied worldwide for the control of agricultural insect pests. The evolution neonicotinoid resistance has led to failure pest in field. enhanced detoxifying enzyme activity and target mutations play important roles insects resistance. Emerging evidence indicates a central role gut symbiont pesticides. Existing reports suggest that symbiotic microorganisms could mediate pesticide by degrading pesticides Results 16S rDNA sequencing results showed richness diversity community between imidacloprid-resistant (IMI-R) imidacloprid-susceptible (IMI-S) strains cotton aphid Aphis gossypii no significant difference, while abundance Sphingomonas was significantly higher IMI-R strain. Antibiotic treatment deprived gut, followed an increase susceptibility imidacloprid IMI-S strain decreased as expected after supplementation with . In addition, nine field populations, which were all infected , increased different degrees antibiotics. Then, we demonstrated isolated from subsist only carbon source. metabolic efficiency reached 56% HPLC detection. This further proved A. hydroxylation nitroreduction. Conclusions Our findings detoxification properties, offer opportunity pests metabolize imidacloprid. These enriched our knowledge mechanisms insecticide provided new symbiont-based strategies insecticide-resistant high abundance.

Language: Английский

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Gut microbiota facilitate adaptation of invasive moths to new host plants

The ISME Journal, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 18(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Abstract Gut microbiota are important in the adaptation of phytophagous insects to their plant hosts. However, interaction between gut microbiomes and pioneering populations invasive during new hosts, particularly initial phases invasion, has been less studied. We studied contribution microbiome host globally recognized pest, Hyphantria cunea, as it expands its range into southern China. The population H. cunea shows effective Metasequoia glyptostroboides exhibits greater larval survival on than original population. Genome resequencing revealed no significant differences functions related two populations. compatibility M. a correlation abundance several bacteria genera (Bacteroides, Blautia, Coprococcus) survival. Transplanting from northern enhanced adaptability latter previously unsuitable glyptostroboides. This research provides evidence that can enhance pests hosts enable more rapid habitats.

Language: Английский

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Impact of the insect gut microbiota on ecology, evolution, and industry

Current Opinion in Insect Science, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 41, P. 33 - 39

Published: June 21, 2020

Language: Английский

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