Exploiting the energetic potential of 1,2,4-oxadiazole derivatives: combining the benefits of a 1,2,4-oxadiazole framework with various energetic functionalities DOI

Chao Guo Yan,

Kangcai Wang, Tianlin Liu

et al.

Dalton Transactions, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 46(41), P. 14210 - 14218

Published: Jan. 1, 2017

A series of 1,2,4-oxadiazole derived energetic compounds were synthesized and structurally characterized, some which have the potential as melt-cast explosives or secondary explosives.

Language: Английский

Advanced energetic materials: novel strategies and versatile applications DOI
Sergei G. Zlotin, Aleksandr M. Churakov, Mikhail P. Egorov

et al.

Mendeleev Communications, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 31(6), P. 731 - 749

Published: Nov. 1, 2021

Language: Английский

Citations

89
Nitrogen-rich salts based on the combination of 1,2,4-triazole and 1,2,3-triazole rings: a facile strategy for fine tuning energetic properties DOI
Z. F. Xu,

Guangbin Cheng,

Shunguan Zhu

et al.

Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 6(5), P. 2239 - 2248

Published: Jan. 1, 2018

Twenty-one high performance monoanionic and dianionic energetic salts based on the combination of 1,2,4-triazole 1,2,3-triazole rings were studied.

Language: Английский

Citations

88
Manipulating nitration and stabilization to achieve high energy DOI Creative Commons
Jatinder Singh, Richard J. Staples, Jean’ne M. Shreeve

et al.

Science Advances, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 9(46)

Published: Nov. 15, 2023

Nitro groups have played a central and decisive role in the development of most powerful known energetic materials. Highly nitrated compounds are potential oxidizing agents, which could replace environmentally hazardous used materials such as ammonium perchlorate. The scarcity azole with large number nitro is likely due to their inherent thermal instability limited ring sites available for bond formation. Now, formation first molecule bonded seven groups, 4-nitro-3,5-bis(trinitromethyl)-1H-pyrazole (4), by stepwise nitration 3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole reported. Compound 4 exhibits exceptional physicochemical properties positive oxygen balance (OBCO2 = 13.62%) an extremely high calculated density (2.04 g cm-3 at 100 K). This impressively C, H, N, O compound. work giant step forward highly dense azoles will accelerate further exploration this challenging field.

Language: Английский

Citations

27
2,2′-Azobis(1,5′-bitetrazole) with a N10 Chain and 1,5′-Bitetrazolate-2N-oxides: Construction of Highly Energetic Nitrogen-Rich Materials Based on C–N-Linked Tetrazoles DOI
Ze Xu,

Tianyang Hou,

Feng Yang

et al.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(35), P. 41580 - 41589

Published: Aug. 23, 2023

A series of high-nitrogen compounds, including a unique molecule 2,2'-azobis(1,5'-bitetrazole) with branched N10 chain and 1,5'-bitetrazolate-2N-oxides, were synthesized successfully based on C-N-linked 1,5'-bistetrazoles using azo coupling N-amine bonds N-oxide introduction strategies. All compounds characterized by NMR spectroscopy, IR elemental analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, in which the structures five further determined single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis (2, T-N10B, 3a, 3b, THX). The nitrogen contents these range from 63.62 (THX) to 83.43% (T-N10B), are much higher than that CL-20 (38.34%). heat formation for prepared was calculated Gaussian 09 program, T-N10B having highest value 5.13 kJ g-1, about 6 times (0.83 g-1). detonation performances EXPLO5 v6.05.04 show THX has excellent performance (D = 9581 m s-1, P 35.93 GPa) remarkable specific impulse (Isp 284.9 s).

Language: Английский

Citations

23
Zwitterionic Energetic Materials: Synthesis, Structural Diversity and Energetic Properties DOI
Prachi Bhatia, Krishna Pandey, Dheeraj Kumar

et al.

Chemistry - An Asian Journal, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 19(17)

Published: June 10, 2024

Abstract Zwitterionic compounds are an emergent class of energetic materials and have gained synthetic interest many in the recent years. Due to their better packing efficiencies strong inter/intramolecular electrostatic interactions, they often ensue superior properties than salt analogues. A systematic review from perspective design, synthesis, physicochemical evaluation zwitterionic is presented. Depending on parent ring(s) used for synthesis type moieties bearing positive negative charges, different classes materials, such as primary explosives, secondary heat resistant oxidizers, etc., may result. The some also compared with analogous salts. This will encourage readers explore possibility designing new materials.

Language: Английский

Citations

13
N-Acetonitrile functionalized 3-nitrotriazole: Precursor to nitrogen rich stable and insensitive energetic materials DOI Creative Commons
Prachi Bhatia,

Peddapothula Sahithi Priya,

Priyanka Das

et al.

Energetic Materials Frontiers, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 5(1), P. 8 - 16

Published: Feb. 23, 2024

In the field of energetic materials, prime attention has been given to synthesis environmentally compatible materials having an adequate balance between energy and stability. For this purpose, nitrogen-rich heterocyclic rings have contributed as pivotal frameworks. Nitro-functionalized 1,2,4-triazoles profusely used a constituent for synthesizing high-performing (EMs) due their high nitrogen content, good thermal stability, modifiable sites via functionalization. Combination with different scaffold may provide opportunity accessible tailoring. work, in effort investigate potential 3-nitrotriazoles, its N-acetonitrile derivative 2 was synthesized, which further converted various explosophores. N-methylene-C bridged asymmetrically connected tetrazole (3) 1,2,4-oxadiazole (9 10) based EMs synthesized. Further tuning properties salt formation strategy employed compounds 4–7, 11 12. 1,2,4-oxadiazole-based compound 9 also confirmed X-ray diffraction analysis, 10 analyzed 15N NMR spectroscopy. Compounds 3, 4, 5, 7 exhibited stabilities were found be insensitive towards impact friction. 6, detonation performance comparable conventional explosive TATB.

Language: Английский

Citations

9
Aminoacetonitrile as precursor for nitrogen rich stable and insensitive asymmetric N-methylene-C linked tetrazole-based energetic compounds DOI
Dheeraj Kumar, Gregory H. Imler,

Damon A. Parrish

et al.

Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 5(32), P. 16767 - 16775

Published: Jan. 1, 2017

This work demonstrates the synthesis and characterization of nitrogen rich stable insensitive N-methylene-C Linked tetrazole-based energetic compounds.

Language: Английский

Citations

69
Energetic materials based on poly furazan and furoxan structures DOI
Jun-Lin Zhang, Jing Zhou,

Fuqiang Bi

et al.

Chinese Chemical Letters, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 31(9), P. 2375 - 2394

Published: Jan. 13, 2020

Language: Английский

Citations

65
Pushing the Limit of Nitro Groups on a Pyrazole Ring with Energy-Stability Balance DOI
Jatinder Singh, Richard J. Staples, Jean’ne M. Shreeve

et al.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 13(51), P. 61357 - 61364

Published: Dec. 17, 2021

Polynitro compounds exhibit high density and good oxygen balance, which are desirable for energetic material applications, but their syntheses often very challenging. Now, the design of a new three-dimensional (3D) metal-organic framework (EMOF) high-energy-density materials (HEDMs) with thermal stabilities detonation properties based on polynitro pyrazole reported. Dipotassium 3,5-bis(dinitromethyl)-4-nitro-1H-pyrazole (5) exhibits 3D EMOF structure stability (202 °C), 2.15 g cm-3 at 100 K (2.10 298 K) in combination superior performance (Dv = 7965 m s-1, P 29.3 GPa). Dihydrazinium (7) 1.88 (1.83 (218 owing to presence hydrogen-bonding networks. Its velocity (8931 s-1) pressure (35.9 GPa) considerably those 1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX). The results highlight HEDM five nitro groups as potential materials.

Language: Английский

Citations

45
Polynitro-functionalized 4-phenyl-1H-pyrazoles as heat-resistant explosives DOI
Krishna Pandey, Prachi Bhatia,

Khwaja Mohammad

et al.

Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 21(32), P. 6604 - 6616

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

This work demonstrates the synthesis, characterization, and energetic properties’ evaluation of polynitro-functionalized 4-phenyl-1 H -pyrazole-based heat-resistant explosives.

Language: Английский

Citations

21