Nitrogen-Rich Tetrazolo[1,5-b]pyridazine: Promising Building Block for Advanced Energetic Materials

Journal of the American Chemical Society, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 142(7), P. 3652 - 3657

Published: Jan. 31, 2020

Two metal-free explosives, tetrazolo[1,5-b]pyridazine-containing molecules [6-azido-8-nitrotetrazolo[1,5-b]pyridazine-7-amine (3at) and 8-nitrotetrazolo[1,5-b]pyridazine-6,7-diamine (6)], were obtained via straightforward two-step synthetic routes from commercially available reagents. Compound 3at displays an excellent detonation performance (Dv = 8746 m s–1 P 31.5 GPa) that is superior to commercial primary explosives such as lead azide diazodinitrophenol (DDNP). 6 has thermal stability, remarkable insensitivity, good performance, strongly suggesting it acceptable secondary explosive. The initiating ability of compound been tested by detonating 500 mg RDX with a surprisingly low minimum charge 40 mg. extraordinary power surpasses conventional DDNP (70 mg) reported 6-nitro-7-azido-pyrazol[3,4-d][1,2,3]triazine-2-oxide (ICM-103) (60 mg). outstanding contributes its future prospects promising green In addition, the environmentally benign methodology for synthesis effectively shortens time laboratory-scale research practical applications.

Language: Английский

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Recent synthetic efforts towards high energy density materials: How to design high-performance energetic structures?

FirePhysChem, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 2(2), P. 83 - 139

Published: Oct. 1, 2021

Energetic material is a very essential company of compounds, widely used in various fields, primarily the military industry and space technologies. These compounds are unique that they capable instantly decomposing to release enormous energy. The chemical diversity energetic organic constantly increasing through combination high-nitrogen frameworks explosophoric groups, which follows overall trend interest their chemistry applications. scientific community looking for more powerful less sensitive external impulses both civilian use. Herein, detailed overview regarding classic novel groups frameworks, as well description selected synthesis target has been given time period since 2010. physical properties performances benchmark prospective also collected.

Language: Английский

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Assembly of Tetrazolylfuroxan Organic Salts: Multipurpose Green Energetic Materials with High Enthalpies of Formation and Excellent Detonation Performance

Chemistry - A European Journal, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 25(16), P. 4225 - 4233

Published: Jan. 15, 2019

A series of highly energetic organic salts comprising a tetrazolylfuroxan anion, explosophoric azido or azo functionalities, and nitrogen-rich cations were synthesized by simple, efficient, scalable chemical routes. These materials fully characterized IR multinuclear NMR (1 H, 13 C, 14 N, 15 N) spectroscopy, elemental analysis, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Additionally, the structure an salt consisting azidotetrazolylfuroxan anion 3,6,7-triamino-7H-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-b][1,2,4]triazolium cation was confirmed single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The compounds exhibit good experimental densities (1.57-1.71 g cm-3 ), very high enthalpies formation (818-1363 kJ mol-1 and, as result, excellent detonation performance (detonation velocities 7.54-8.26 kms-1 pressures 23.4-29.3 GPa). Most have moderate sensitivity toward impact friction, which makes them promising candidates for variety applications. At same time, three on primary explosives level (1.5-2.7 J). results along with parameters nitrogen contents (66.0-70.2 %) indicate that these may serve potential environmentally friendly alternatives to lead-based explosives.

Language: Английский

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Solid Propellant Formulations: A Review of Recent Progress and Utilized Components

Materials, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 14(21), P. 6657 - 6657

Published: Nov. 4, 2021

The latest developments in solid propellants and their components are summarized. Particular attention is given to emerging energetic binders novel, 'green' oxidizing agents use propellant formulations. A brief overview of the reports on fuel additives included. Finally, a summary state art challenges its development speculated on.

Language: Английский

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Bis(3-nitro-1-(trinitromethyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-yl)methanone: An Applicable and Very Dense Green Oxidizer

Journal of the American Chemical Society, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 141(50), P. 19581 - 19584

Published: Nov. 28, 2019

Ammonium perchlorate (AP) is most often used as a practical solid rocket propellant because of its excellent performance. However, AP has many shortcomings, including instability, high negative enthalpy formation, and claimed health environmental issues resulting from combustion products. The pursuit highly dense, high-performance, environmentally friendly oxidizers propellants long attracted scientists around the world. In this work, bis(3-nitro-1-(trinitromethyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-yl)methanone (3) was obtained bis(3-nitro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-yl)methane (1) with chloroacetone followed by nitration. structure 3 confirmed elemental analysis single-crystal X-ray diffraction. By introducing carbonyl moiety, density increased to 1.945 g/cm3 decomposition temperature 164 °C. Compound green energetic oxidizer that positive oxygen balance (+8.7%), specific impulse (218 s), an acceptable sensitivity (9 J, 240 N), making it replacement for in formulations.

Language: Английский

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Advanced energetic materials: novel strategies and versatile applications

Mendeleev Communications, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 31(6), P. 731 - 749

Published: Nov. 1, 2021

Language: Английский

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High performance and heat-resistant pyrazole-1,2,4-triazole energetic materials: Tuning the thermal stability by asymmetric framework and azo-bistriazole bridge

Chemical Engineering Journal, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 433, P. 134480 - 134480

Published: Jan. 6, 2022

Language: Английский

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A Promising Strategy toward the Development of C–C- and C–N-Linked Tricyclic Tetrazole Energetic Materials with High Energy Density

The Journal of Organic Chemistry, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 9, 2025

Tetrazole-based energetic materials have received extensive attention from researchers due to their high heats of formation and nitrogen contents. In this work, a novel tricyclic tetrazole compound linked by C–C C–N bonds was synthesized for the first time, series salts (1–4) were prepared. addition, 2,2′-bis(dinitromethyl)-2H,2′H-5,2′-5,5′-tertetrazole (DNTBT) assembling dinitromethyl with tetrazole. Among them, six compounds further determined single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. And theoretical calculations demonstrate that all exhibit positive heat formation. The target are much greater than those RDX, HMX, CL-20. computational results indicate DNTBT (D = 9580 m·s–1, P 39.2 GPa) its ionic 6 9038 34.4 GPa), 7 9178 35.2 8 9297 37.7 superior detonation performance compared HMX 8795 34.9 comparable RDX 9144 GPa). This work provides guidance future in developing high-energy-density materials.

Language: Английский

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Energetic Derivatives of 8-Nitropyrazolo[1,5-a][1,3,5]triazine-2,4,7-triamine: Achieving Balanced Explosives by Fusing Pyrazole with Triazine

Organic Letters, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 22(4), P. 1321 - 1325

Published: Jan. 30, 2020

Using the triazine ring as stabilizing factor, a series of energy-safety balanced fused compounds were successfully studied. Compounds 1, 7, and 9·H2O further confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The detonation performance safety parameters associated with impact friction sensitivities investigated using EXPLO5 (version 6.01) BAM methods, respectively. Based on their good properties high thermal mechanical stabilities, these materials are potentially insensitive explosives.

Language: Английский

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Oxygen-Enriched Metal–Organic Frameworks Based on 1-(Trinitromethyl)-1H-1,2,4-Triazole-3-Carboxylic Acid and Their Thermal Decomposition and Effects on the Decomposition of Ammonium Perchlorate

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 13(18), P. 21516 - 21526

Published: April 30, 2021

Energetic metal–organic frameworks (EMOFs) with a high oxygen content are currently hot spot in the field of energetic materials research. In this article, two series EMOFs different ligands were obtained by reacting 1-(trinitromethyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxylic acid (tntrza) metal iodide and nitrate, respectively. Furthermore, their structure, thermal stability, decomposition kinetics, energy performance fully characterized. The research results revealed that synthesized possess wide range density (ρ = 1.88∼2.595 g cm–3), balance (OB(CO2) −21.1∼ −4.3%), acceptable (D 7.73∼8.74 km s–1 P 28.1∼41.1 GPa). difference OB(CO2) caused ligand structure properties has great impact on distribution gas-phase products after these EMOFs. Noteworthy, [Ag(tntrza)]n is particularly prominent among EMOFs, not only because its excellent detonation 8.74 41.1 GPa) endowed extremely 2.595 cm–3) −4.3%) but also effective catalytic effect ammonium perchlorate (AP). This article broadens horizon for study oxygen-enriched effects helps understand mechanism nitroform dinitro groups.

Language: Английский

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