Recent Developments and Future Challenges in Controlled Radical Polymerization: A 2020 Update

Chem, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 6(7), P. 1575 - 1588

Published: July 1, 2020

Language: Английский

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Role of External Field in Polymerization: Mechanism and Kinetics

Chemical Reviews, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 120(5), P. 2950 - 3048

Published: Feb. 21, 2020

The past decades have witnessed an increasing interest in developing advanced polymerization techniques subjected to external fields. Various physical modulations, such as temperature, light, electricity, magnetic field, ultrasound, and microwave irradiation, are noninvasive means, having superb but distinct abilities regulate polymerizations terms of process intensification spatial temporal controls. Gas emerging regulator plays a distinctive role controlling resembles some cases. This review provides systematic overview seven types external-field-regulated polymerizations, ranging from chain-growth step-growth polymerization. A detailed account the relevant mechanism kinetics is provided better understand each field In addition, given crucial modeling simulation mechanisms investigation, model construction typical numerical methods used this well highlights interaction between experiment toward existing systems given. At end, limitations future perspectives for critically discussed. state-of-the-art research progress not only fundamental principles underlying also stimulates new development methods.

Language: Английский

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Tailoring Polymer Dispersity by RAFT Polymerization: A Versatile Approach

Chem, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 6(6), P. 1340 - 1352

Published: May 25, 2020

Language: Английский

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Photocontrolled RAFT polymerization: past, present, and future

Chemical Society Reviews, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 52(9), P. 3035 - 3097

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

In this review, we provide a brief history, progress, and applications, discuss the remaining challenges of photocontrolled reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization (i.e., photoinduced electron/energy transfer-RAFT (PET-RAFT), photoiniferter, photomediated cationic RAFT polymerization). Among these, visible-light-driven has attracted particular attention in recent years due to its benefits, including low energy consumption safe reaction procedure. Moreover, incorporation visible-light photocatalysis conferred attractive features, such as spatiotemporal control oxygen tolerance; however, clear understanding mechanism not been completely provided. We also present research efforts elucidate mechanisms with aid quantum chemical calculations combined experimental evidence. This review offers an insight into better design systems for desired applications helps realize full potential both academic- industrial-scale applications.

Language: Английский

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PET-RAFT Polymerization: Mechanistic Perspectives for Future Materials

ACS Macro Letters, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 10(4), P. 433 - 446

Published: March 24, 2021

In the past decade, photochemistry has emerged as a growing area in organic and polymer chemistry. Use of light to drive polymerization advantages by imparting spatial temporal control over reaction. Photoinduced electron/energy transfer reversible addition-fragmentation chain (PET-RAFT) an excellent technique for developing well-defined polymers from variety functional monomers. However, mechanism, electron versus energy is debated literature, with conflicting reports on underlying process. This perspective focuses mechanistic aspects PET-RAFT, particular, pathways. The different mechanisms are evaluated, including evidence one other mechanisms. current literature not reached consensus across all PET-RAFT processes, but rather, each catalytic system unique characteristics.

Language: Английский

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Precision polymer synthesis by controlled radical polymerization: Fusing the progress from polymer chemistry and reaction engineering

Progress in Polymer Science, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 130, P. 101555 - 101555

Published: May 7, 2022

Language: Английский

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Bulk depolymerization of poly(methyl methacrylate) via chain-end initiation for catalyst-free reversion to monomer

Chem, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 9(9), P. 2669 - 2682

Published: Aug. 7, 2023

Language: Английский

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Solvent‐Free Chemical Recycling of Polymethacrylates made by ATRP and RAFT polymerization: High‐Yielding Depolymerization at Low Temperatures

Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 62(38)

Published: July 31, 2023

Although controlled radical polymerization is an excellent tool to make precision polymeric materials, reversal of the process retrieve starting monomer far less explored despite significance chemical recycling. Here, we investigate bulk depolymerization RAFT and ATRP-synthesized polymers under identical conditions. RAFT-synthesized undergo a relatively low-temperature solvent-free back thanks partial in situ transformation end-group macromonomer. Instead, can only depolymerize at significantly higher temperatures (>350 °C) through random backbone scission. To aid more complete even lower temperatures, performed facile quantitative modification strategy which both ATRP end-groups were successfully converted macromonomers. The macromonomers triggered temperature with onset 150 °C yielding up 90 % regeneration. versatility methodology was demonstrated by scalable (≈10 g polymer) retrieving 84 intact could be subsequently used for further polymerization. This work presents new low-energy approach depolymerizing creates many future opportunities as high-yielding, methods are sought.

Language: Английский

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Recent advances in polymers of intrinsic microporosity (PIMs) membranes: Delving into the intrinsic microstructure for carbon capture and arduous industrial applications

Progress in Materials Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 145, P. 101297 - 101297

Published: April 16, 2024

Language: Английский

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Robust Miniemulsion PhotoATRP Driven by Red and Near-Infrared Light

Journal of the American Chemical Society, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 146(19), P. 13417 - 13426

Published: May 1, 2024

Photoinduced polymerization techniques have gathered significant attention due to their mild conditions, spatiotemporal control, and simple setup. In addition homogeneous media, efforts been made implement photopolymerization in emulsions as a practical greener process. However, previous photoinduced reversible deactivation radical (RDRP) heterogeneous media has relied on short-wavelength lights, which limited penetration depth, resulting slow relatively poor control. this study, we demonstrate the first example of highly efficient miniemulsion ATRP open air driven by red or near-infrared (NIR) light. This was facilitated utilization water-soluble photocatalyst, methylene blue (MB+). Irradiation red/NIR light allowed for excitation MB+ subsequent photoreduction deactivator presence electron donors initiate mediate The NIR light-driven photoATRP provided successful synthesis polymers with low dispersity (1.09 ≤ Đ 1.29) quantitative conversion within an hour. study further explored impact kinetics reactors varying sizes large-scale reaction (250 mL), highlighting advantages longer-wavelength light, particularly dispersed owing its superior penetration. work opens new avenues robust emulsion techniques, offering more approach improved control efficiency.

Language: Английский

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