An Efficient One-Step Reaction for the Preparation of Advanced Fused Bistetrazole-Based Primary Explosives

ACS Central Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 9(4), P. 742 - 747

Published: March 16, 2023

The first example of [5,6,5]-tricyclic bistetrazole-fused energetic materials has been obtained through a one-step reaction from commercial and inexpensive 4,6-dichloro-5-nitropyrimidine. This including nucleophilic substitution, addition, cyclization, electron transfer is rarely reported, the mechanism scope well investigated. Among target compounds, organic salts exhibit higher detonation velocities (D: 8898-9077 m s-1) lower sensitivities (IS: 16-20 J) than traditional high energy explosive RDX (D = 8795 s-1; IS 7.5 J). In potassium salt 5-azido-10-nitro-bis(tetrazolo)[1,5-c:5',1'-f]pyrimidin (DTAT-K) possesses excellent priming ability, comparable to primary Pb(N3)2, ultralow minimum charge (MPC 10 mg), which lowest MPC among reported potassium-based explosives. simple synthesis route, free heavy metal expensive raw materials, makes it promising quickly realize this material in large-scale industrial production as green explosive. work accelerates upgrade explosives enriches future prospects for design materials.

Language: Английский

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Bistriazolotriazole-tetramine: commendable energetic moiety and cation

Journal of Molecular Modeling, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 30(4)

Published: March 9, 2024

Language: Английский

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A Synthetic Strategy for the Preparation of Fused [5,6,5,5]-Tetracyclic Energetic Compounds

Organic Letters, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 25(14), P. 2461 - 2465

Published: April 3, 2023

This study explores a straightforward synthetic strategy for preparing fused [5,6,5,5]-tetracyclic energetic compounds. Compound 4 has high thermostability (Td = 307 °C), which is comparable to that of traditional heat-resistant explosive HNS 318 but higher detonation velocity (8262 m s–1) than (7612 s–1). These results indicate compound deserves further investigation as potential explosive.

Language: Английский

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Intramolecular integration of pyrazole-triazine-triazole heterocyclic skeletons: A novel 5/6/5 fused energetic framework with high energy and low sensitivity

Chemical Engineering Journal, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 451, P. 138640 - 138640

Published: Aug. 18, 2022

Language: Английский

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Toward High-Energy and Low-Sensitivity Energetic Materials Based on a Fused [5,5,5,6]-Tetracyclic Backbone

Organic Letters, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 25(19), P. 3487 - 3491

Published: May 4, 2023

A route for fused [5,5,5,6]-tetracyclic energetic compounds based on the facile cyclization reaction has been explored. Fused compound 4 shows a high measured density (1.924 g cm–3), low sensitivity (IS = 10 J, and FS 144 N), an excellent detonation velocity (9241 m s–1), which are much better than those of RDX. The results indicate that is potential candidate as secondary explosive provide new insight into construction polycyclic heterocycles.

Language: Английский

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Hydrogen-Free Explosive of N-Azo-Bridged 1,2,4-Triazole: A Novel Nitrogen-Chain-Extended Compound with Exceptional Energy Performance

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 22, 2025

The design of high-energy-density materials (HEDMs) and the investigation energy limits have consistently represented a focal point significant challenge in research. This study prepared hydrogen-free compound, BLG-102, with high nitrogen content (66.6%) using an energetic block based on long chain (N6). BLG-102 has crystal density 1.85 g·cm-3, measured 1.82 g·cm-3. It also achieves zero oxygen balance (based CO), excellent enthalpy formation, good conjugate planarity aromaticity. demonstrates exceptional detonation performance velocity (VD = 9311 m·s-1) pressure (P 38.5 GPa). These values are superior to well-known compound RDX 8991 m·s-1, P 35.2 GPa), comparable HMX 9144 39.2 Nevertheless, exhibits slightly higher but acceptable sensitivity (IS 5 J, FS 54 N). remarkable capabilities laser initiation. Notably, 10 mg charge can effectively detonate 20 RDX, producing pore diameter 11.44 mm lead plate (2 thick). integrated approach concept─combining nitro, azide, structures 1,2,4-triazole framework─significantly enhances compounds. breaks through limit already known 1,2,4-triazole-based compounds provides new idea for synthesis HEDMs performance.

Language: Английский

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Effect of Waste Cigarette Butt Fibers on the Properties and CO2 Footprint of Bitumen

Materials, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 18(9), P. 2059 - 2059

Published: April 30, 2025

This research utilized recycled acetate fibers from discarded cigarette butts (CBs) as reinforcing materials, reducing solid waste and enhancing the properties of bitumen. The surface significantly impacted binder characteristics. treatment CB with anhydrous ethanol was employed to remove plasticizer glycerol triacetate (GTA), enabling better homogeneity in binder. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used assess effectiveness fiber treatment. A dynamic shear rheometer (DSR) explore bitumen varying contents (0%, 0.25%, 0.75%, 1.25% by weight). whole life cycle further confirmed eco-efficiency binders. results show that pretreatment effectively removed GTA, leading a more homogeneous dispersion Adding CBs can improve properties, but this effect does not increase higher dosages; when content exceeded 1.25%, reduction fatigue resistance observed. Among tested dosages, optimal amount which improved high-temperature performance 2.7 times, medium-temperature 1.78 low-temperature 1.08 times. In terms ecological benefits, addition pavement reduced carbon emissions two-thirds compared traditional pavement, resulting significant decrease emissions. study provides valuable insights into construction sustainable transportation infrastructure.

Language: Английский

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The Rheological and Fatigue Properties of Waste Acetate Fiber-Modified Bitumen

Molecules, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 30(8), P. 1784 - 1784

Published: April 16, 2025

The rheological properties of fiber-reinforced binders are remarkable. research on acetate fibers as reinforcing agents is scant. Acetate exhibit more environmental benefits than lignocellulose and other fibers. In this study, were pretreated with anhydrous ethanol the extractant to disperse uniformly in bitumen high/medium-temperature fatigue waste blended investigated. Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) tests showed that pretreatment was effective removing plasticizers from CBs so could be dispersed binders. roadworthiness performance adhesives tested based frequency sweep (FS), multiple stress creep recovery (MSCR), linear amplitude (LAS) different CB (cigarette butt) doping levels. Ultimately, added effectively improve all aspects performance, but phenomenon not enhanced an increase amount admixture—optimal covariance 0.25%. Moreover, a further correlation analysis performed for three traditional predicted failure points. best R2 = 0.98 50% decrease dynamic shear modulus, followed by 0.96 peak stress–strain, 0.88 factor.

Language: Английский

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A π-stacking highly stable insensitive energetic inner salt and its insensitive energetic salts

CrystEngComm, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 25(21), P. 3181 - 3188

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

The energetic inner salts of π–π stacking and their ionic show high thermal stability ( T d ≥ 238 °C), insensitivity (FS 360 N, IS 40 J), good detonation performance D 7757 m s −1 , P 24.1 GPa).

Language: Английский

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Energetic Salts Based on a Bicyclic Nitrogen-Rich Compound with Good Molecular Stability

Crystal Growth & Design, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 23(3), P. 1466 - 1476

Published: Feb. 14, 2023

To achieve a balance between detonation properties and molecular stability, series of (1,2,4-oxadiazole)-bridged pyrazole derivatives have been synthesized in this work. The compounds involved were characterized by NMR spectroscopy (1H, 13C), IR spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), the structures energetic salts further confirmed X-ray single-crystal diffraction. These good thermal stability low sensitivities to impact friction, which are supported calculations very well. In particular, perchlorate 6 with highest decomposition temperature 331.7 °C has better thermostability than other reported salts. addition, their velocity (D) pressure (P) calculated using EXPLO5 be around D = 7712–8693 m s–1 P 24.0–34.2 GPa, respectively, showing potential new candidates.

Language: Английский

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