State‐of‐the‐Art Electronic Materials for Thin Films in Bioelectronics

Advanced Electronic Materials, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 9(8)

Published: July 9, 2023

Abstract This review is dedicated to electronics materials enabling thin‐film‐based neural interface and bioelectronics devices. First‐generation bioelectronic medicine devices feature hand‐crafted bulk electrodes, wires interconnects, insulators. discusses how modern science, especially know‐how repurposed from semiconductor microdevice technologies, enables next‐generation bioelectronics. Those are divided into two subgroups: second third generation. The former refers rigid microscaled devices, while the latter defined as soft, ultrathin, flexible microdevices. A critical assessment of different biointerface conductors for insulators substrates, passivation, encapsulation layers made. goal not give an exhaustive account every use‐example given materials, but point out specific aspects that relevant making right choices a device or application. Unique advantages highlighted, also focusing on weaker points caveats those may have. have up‐to‐date handbook persons entering field which tips tricks well challenging problems researchers can be inspired confront overcome.

Language: Английский

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An atomically smooth container: Can the native oxide promote supercooling of liquid gallium?

iScience, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 26(4), P. 106493 - 106493

Published: March 23, 2023

Metals tend to supercool-that is, they freeze at temperatures below their melting points. In general, supercooling is less favorable when liquids are in contact with nucleation sites such as rough surfaces. Interestingly, bulk gallium (Ga) can significantly supercool, even it heterogeneous surfaces that could provide sites. We hypothesized the native oxide on Ga provides an atomically smooth interface prevents from directly contacting surfaces, and thereby promotes supercooling. Although many metals form surface oxides, a convenient metal for studying because its point of 29.8°C near room temperature. Using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), we show freezing occurs lower temperature (-15.6 ± 3.5°C) than without (6.9 2.0°C removed by HCl). also demonstrate enhances via macroscopic observations freezing. These findings explain why supercools have implications emerging applications rely staying liquid state.

Language: Английский

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Gallium-based liquid metals as smart responsive materials: Morphological forms and stimuli characterization

Advances in Colloid and Interface Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 329, P. 103183 - 103183

Published: May 16, 2024

Gallium-based liquid metals (GaLMs) have garnered monumental attention from the scientific community due to their diverse actuation characteristics. These possess remarkable characteristics, including high surface tension, excellent electrical and thermal conductivity, phase transformation behaviour, minimal viscosity vapour pressure, lack of toxicity, biocompatibility. In addition, GaLMs melting points that are either lower or near room temperature, making them incredibly beneficial when compared solid since they can be easily deformed. Thus, there has been significant progress in developing multifunctional devices using GaLMs, bio-devices, flexible self-healing circuits, actuators. Despite numerous reports on these (LMs), is an urgent need for consolidated coherent literature regarding principles linked targeted application. This will ensure reader gets flavour physics behind mechanism how it utilized fields. Moreover, scattered literature, thus, primary motive this review provide a one-stop solution associated dynamics while directing readers specialized literature. addressing issue, we thoroughly examine present detailed account mechanisms highlighting science them. We also discuss various morphologies crucial physical characteristics which decide Furthermore, delve into commonly held beliefs about such as toxicity antibacterial properties, offer more accurate understanding. Finally, explored several key unanswered aspects LM should future research. The core strength lies its simplistic approach offering starting point researchers venturing innovative field, make use existing develop comprehensive

Language: Английский

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Liquid metal extreme materials

Progress in Materials Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 145, P. 101298 - 101298

Published: April 14, 2024

Language: Английский

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Nanoengineering Liquid Metal Core–Shell Nanostructures

Advanced Functional Materials, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 34(6)

Published: Oct. 24, 2023

Abstract Nanoengineering the composition and morphology of functional nanoparticles endows them to perform multiple tasks functions. An intriguing strategy for creating multifunctional nanomaterials involves construction core–shell nanostructures, which have enabled promising applications in biomedicine, energy, sensing, catalysis. Here, a straightforward nanoengineering approach is presented utilizing liquid metal galvanic replacement create diverse nanostructures. Controlled nanostructures including core‐gold nanoparticle shell (LM@Au), gold core‐gallium oxide (Au@Ga oxide), hollow Ga are successfully fabricated. Remarkably, these investigations reveal that LM@Au exhibits exceptional photothermal performance, achieving an impressive conversion efficiency 65.9%, five times nanoparticles. By leveraging high excellent biocompatibility LM@Au, its application hyperthermia cancer therapy demonstrated. This simple yet powerful opens new avenues controlled synthesis complex advancing various fields beyond biomedicine.

Language: Английский

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Tripling of the scattering vector range of X-ray reflectivity on liquid surfaces using a double-crystal deflector

Journal of Applied Crystallography, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 57(2), P. 258 - 265

Published: Feb. 16, 2024

The maximum range of perpendicular momentum transfer ( q z ) has been tripled for X-ray scattering from liquid surfaces when using a double-crystal deflector setup to tilt the incident beam. This is achieved by employing higher-energy beam access Miller indices reflecting crystal atomic planes that are three times higher than usual. deviation exact Bragg angle condition induced misalignment between axis and main rotation calculated, fast straightforward procedure align them deduced. An experimental method measuring intensity along direction on up = 7 Å −1 presented, with copper serving as reference system benchmarking purposes.

Language: Английский

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A toolbox for investigating liquid metal systems

Cell Reports Physical Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 5(2), P. 101820 - 101820

Published: Feb. 1, 2024

The exceptional properties of liquid metals at room temperature, such as their fluidity, stretchability, deformability, and potential applications, have rapidly inspired the scientific community. At present, main challenge is overcoming technical barriers associated with characterization metal systems, which resulted in molecular structure remaining effectively unknown. This lack knowledge has significantly hampered progress emerging field chemistry, prohibiting tailored design relegating researchers to work by trial error. In recent years, several technological developments, including improved analytical tools, emerged that tackle current challenges. this review, we present a comprehensive appraisal various state-of-the-art techniques can help uncover answers long-standing questions domain metal-in-metal colloidal systems. We describe selected generic methodologies unique approaches capture changes physical chemical behavior molten presence internal external stimuli. combination, outlined tools will deepen our understanding chemistry accelerate research translation provide solutions areas catalysis, biomedicine, reconfigurable electronics.

Language: Английский

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Gallium-based liquid metals as reaction media for nanomaterials synthesis

Nanoscale, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(14), P. 6915 - 6933

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Gallium-based liquid metals (LMs) and their alloys have gained prominence in the realm of flexible stretchable electronics. Recent advances expanded interest to explore electron-rich core interface LMs synthesize various nanomaterials, where Ga-based serve as versatile reaction media. In this paper, we delve into latest developments within burgeoning field. Our discussion begins by elucidating unique attributes that render them suitable media, including high metal solubility, low standard reduction potential, self-limiting oxidation ultra-smooth "layer" surface. We then provide a comprehensive categorized summary utilizing these features fabricate variety pure metallic materials (metal alloys, crystals, porous metals, high-entropy single atoms), metal-inorganic compounds (2D oxides, 2D inorganic graphitic materials), well metal-organic composites (metal-organic frameworks). This paper concludes discussing current challenges field exploring potential future directions. The versatility properties are poised play pivotal role nanomaterial science, paving way for more efficient, sustainable, innovative technological solutions.

Language: Английский

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Transportable, Endurable, and Recoverable Liquid Metal Powders with Mechanical Sintering Conductivity for Flexible Electronics and Electromagnetic Interference Shielding

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 14(42), P. 48150 - 48160

Published: Oct. 12, 2022

Liquid metals (LMs, e.g., EGaIn) promise a vast potential in accelerating the development of flexible electronics, smart robots, and wearable biomedical devices. Although variety emerging processing methods are reported, they suffer several risks (e.g., leakage, weak adhesion, low colloidal chemical stability) because their excellent fluidity, high surface tension, rapid oxidation. Herein, liquid metal powders (LMPs) fabricated based on versatile method by vigorously stirring EGaIn with nonmetallic or organic particles through interfacial interactions. During mixing process, microdroplets wrapped an shell electrostatic adsorption, more sticky oxide layer is constantly generated then broken owing to shearing friction. These transportable exhibit superior stability under extreme conditions water temperature), being capable recovering electrical conductivity strong adhesion different substrates upon mechanical sintering. A flexible, robust, conductive coating can be constructed via swabbing integrated Joule heating effect electromagnetic interference shielding performances, it applicable microcircuits, wireless power transmission systems.

Language: Английский

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Dynamic Zinc in Liquid Metal Media as a Metal Ion Source for Highly Porous ZIF‐8 Synthesis

Advanced Functional Materials, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 34(31)

Published: March 16, 2023

Abstract Liquid metals provide new dimensions for controlling and governing of reactions. The concept freely moving metal solutes in liquid can be potentially used enhancing tuning interfacial In this work, zinc (Zn), as the solute is shown that, move to interface, enriching area efficient synthesis highly crystalline porous zeolitic imidazolate framework‐8 (ZIF‐8). highest rate reaction illustrated, best quality ZIF‐8, are obtained when a eutectic system Zn with gallium (Ga), containing 3.6 wt.% Zn, implemented. It computationally that combination Ga activation leads better coordination organic linkers. comparisons solid samples non‐eutectic systems demonstrate advantages mix. work expanded variety future reactions zeolite imidazole frameworks commercial scale up.

Language: Английский

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