Eutectogels as a Semisolid Electrolyte for Organic Electrochemical Transistors DOI Creative Commons
Yizhou Zhong, Naroa Lopez‐Larrea, Marta Alvarez‐Tirado

et al.

Chemistry of Materials, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 36(4), P. 1841 - 1854

Published: Feb. 5, 2024

Organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) are signal transducers offering high amplification, which makes them particularly advantageous for detecting weak biological signals. While OECTs typically operate with aqueous electrolytes, those employing solid-like gels as the dielectric layer can be excellent candidates constructing wearable electrophysiology probes. Despite their potential, impact of gel electrolyte type and composition on operation OECT associated device design considerations optimal performance a chosen have remained ambiguous. In this work, we investigate influence three types electrolytes─hydrogels, eutectogels, iongels, each varying compositions OECTs. Our findings highlight superiority eutectogel electrolyte, comprises poly(glycerol 1,3-diglycerolate diacrylate) polymer matrix choline chloride in combination 1,3-propanediol deep eutectic solvent ionic component. This outperforms hydrogel iongel counterparts equivalent dimensions, yielding most favorable transient steady-state both p-type depletion p-type/n-type enhancement mode gated silver/silver (Ag/AgCl). Furthermore, eutectogel-integrated exhibit exceptional operational stability, reflected absence signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) variation simulated electrocardiogram (ECG) recordings conducted continuously over period 5 h, well daily measurements spanning 30 days. Eutectogel-based also higher ECG amplitudes SNR than counterparts, utilizing commercially available hydrogel, is common cutaneous electrodes. These underscore potential eutectogels semisolid OECTs, applications demanding robust prolonged physiological monitoring.

Language: Английский

Molecular Design Strategies toward Improvement of Charge Injection and Ionic Conduction in Organic Mixed Ionic–Electronic Conductors for Organic Electrochemical Transistors DOI Creative Commons
Nadzeya A. Kukhta, Adam Marks, Christine K. Luscombe

et al.

Chemical Reviews, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 122(4), P. 4325 - 4355

Published: Dec. 13, 2021

Expanding the toolbox of biology and electronics mutual conjunction is a primary aim bioelectronics. The organic electrochemical transistor (OECT) has undeniably become predominant device for mixed conduction materials, offering impressive transconduction properties alongside relatively simple architecture. In this review, we focus on discussion recent material developments in area conductors bioelectronic applications by means thorough structure-property investigation analysis current challenges. Fundamental operation principles OECT are revisited, characterization methods highlighted. Current ionic-electronic (OMIECs) underlined. Challenges performance operational stability channel materials as well potential strategies mitigating them, discussed. This further expanded to sketch synopsis history both p- n-type operation, detailing synthetic challenges milestones which have been overcome frequently produce higher performing devices. cumulative work multiple research groups summarized, design extracted present series that can be utilized drive figure-of-merit values even future OMIEC materials.

Language: Английский

Citations

177
Organic Electrochemical Transistors: An Emerging Technology for Biosensing DOI
Adam Marks, Sophie Griggs, Nicola Gasparini

et al.

Advanced Materials Interfaces, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 9(6)

Published: Jan. 27, 2022

Abstract Recent research demonstrates the viability of organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) as an emergent technology for biosensor applications. Herein, a comprehensive summary is provided, highlighting significant progress and most notable advances within field OECT‐based biosensors. The working principles OECT are detailed, with specific attention given to current library mixed ionic‐electronic conductor (OMIEC) channel materials utilized in application OECTs metabolite, ion, neuromorphic, electrophysiological, virus sensing well immunosensing reported, detailing breadth scope Furthermore, outlook perspective on synthetic molecular design future materials, specifically designed biosensors, provided. development optimized creative device architectures, operational nuances will set stage biosensors thrive accelerate their clinical prevalence near future.

Language: Английский

Citations

135
Cyano‐Functionalized n‐Type Polymer with High Electron Mobility for High‐Performance Organic Electrochemical Transistors DOI
Kui Feng,

Wentao Shan,

Junwei Wang

et al.

Advanced Materials, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 34(24)

Published: April 16, 2022

n-Type organic mixed ionic-electronic conductors (OMIECs) with high electron mobility are scarce and highly challenging to develop. As a result, the figure-of-merit (µC*) of n-type electrochemical transistors (OECTs) lags far behind p-type analogs, restraining development OECT-based low-power complementary circuits biosensors. Here, two donor-acceptor (D-A) polymers based on fused bithiophene imide dimer f-BTI2 as acceptor unit thienylene-vinylene-thienylene (TVT) donor co-unit reported. The cyanation TVT enables polymer f-BTI2g-TVTCN simultaneously enhanced ion-uptake ability, film structural order, charge-transport property. it is able obtain volumetric capacitance (C*) 170 ± 22 F cm-3 record OECT (μe,OECT ) 0.24 cm2 V-1 s-1 for f-BTI2g-TVTCN, subsequently achieving state-of-the-art µC* 41.3 cm-1 geometry-normalized transconductance (gm,norm 12.8 S in accumulation-mode OECTs. In contrast, only moderate 1.50 measured non-cyanated f-BTI2g-TVT. These remarkable results demonstrate great power cyano functionalization semiconductors developing OMIECs substantial aqueous environment high-performance

Language: Английский

Citations

104
Flexible and Stretchable Organic Electrochemical Transistors for Physiological Sensing Devices DOI Creative Commons
Yao Yao, Wei Huang, Jianhua Chen

et al.

Advanced Materials, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 35(35)

Published: Feb. 21, 2023

Abstract Flexible and stretchable bioelectronics provides a biocompatible interface between electronics biological systems has received tremendous attention for in situ monitoring of various systems. Considerable progress organic made semiconductors, as well other electronic materials, ideal candidates developing wearable, implantable, circuits due to their potential mechanical compliance biocompatibility. Organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs), an emerging class building blocks, exhibit significant advantages sensing the ionic nature at basis switching behavior, low driving voltage (<1 V), high transconductance (in millisiemens range). During past few years, constructing flexible/stretchable OECTs (FSOECTs) both biochemical bioelectrical sensors been reported. In this regard, summarize major research accomplishments field, review first discusses structure critical features FSOECTs, including working principles, architectural engineering. Next, wide spectrum relevant physiological applications, where FSOECTs are key components, summarized. Last, challenges opportunities further advancing FSOECT discussed.

Language: Английский

Citations

103
Flexible Organic Transistors for Biosensing: Devices and Applications DOI Creative Commons
Jiajun Song, Hong Liu, Zeyu Zhao

et al.

Advanced Materials, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 28, 2023

Abstract Flexible and stretchable biosensors can offer seamless conformable biological–electronic interfaces for continuously acquiring high‐fidelity signals, permitting numerous emerging applications. Organic thin film transistors (OTFTs) are ideal transducers flexible biosensing due to their soft nature, inherent amplification function, biocompatibility, ease of functionalization, low cost, device diversity. In consideration the rapid advances in flexible‐OTFT‐based broad applications, herein, a timely comprehensive review is provided. It starts with detailed introduction features various OTFTs including organic field‐effect electrochemical transistors, functionalization strategies biosensing, highlight on seminal work up‐to‐date achievements. Then, applications wearable, implantable, portable electronics, as well neuromorphic biointerfaces detailed. Subsequently, special attention paid planar fibrous devices. The routes impart stretchability, structural engineering material engineering, discussed, implementations e‐skin smart textiles included. Finally, remaining challenges future opportunities this field summarized.

Language: Английский

Citations

100
Synthetic Nuances to Maximize n-Type Organic Electrochemical Transistor and Thermoelectric Performance in Fused Lactam Polymers DOI Creative Commons
Adam Marks, Xingxing Chen, Ruiheng Wu

et al.

Journal of the American Chemical Society, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 144(10), P. 4642 - 4656

Published: March 8, 2022

A series of fully fused n-type mixed conduction lactam polymers p(g7NCnN), systematically increasing the alkyl side chain content, are synthesized via an inexpensive, nontoxic, precious-metal-free aldol polycondensation. Employing these as channel materials in organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) affords state-of-the-art performance with p(g7NC10N) recording OECT electron mobility 1.20 × 10-2 cm2 V-1 s-1 and a μC* figure merit 1.83 F cm-1 s-1. In parallel to high performance, upon solution doping (4-(1,3-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl)phenyl)dimethylamine (N-DMBI), highest thermoelectric is observed for p(g7NC4N), maximum electrical conductivity 7.67 S power factor 10.4 μW m-1 K-2. These results among reported polymers. Importantly, while this polylactam ionic-electronic conductors (OMIECs) highlights that synthetic molecular design strategies bolster can be translated also achieve (OTE) nuanced approach must used optimize performance. Herein, we outline metrics provide new insights into guidelines next generation high-performance applications, presenting first time single polymer within both OTE applications.

Language: Английский

Citations

94
Soft Fiber Electronics Based on Semiconducting Polymer DOI
Fengqiang Sun, Hao Jiang, Haoyu Wang

et al.

Chemical Reviews, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 123(8), P. 4693 - 4763

Published: Feb. 8, 2023

Fibers, originating from nature and mastered by human, have woven their way throughout the entire history of human civilization. Recent developments in semiconducting polymer materials further endowed fibers textiles with various electronic functions, which are attractive applications such as information interfacing, personalized medicine, clean energy. Owing to ability be easily integrated into daily life, soft fiber electronics based on polymers gained popularity recently for wearable implantable applications. Herein, we present a review previous current progress polymer-based electronics, particularly focusing smart-wearable areas. First, provide brief overview viewpoint basic concepts functionality requirements different devices. Then analyze existing associated devices interfaces, healthcare energy conversion storage. The working principle performance summarized. Furthermore, focus fabrication techniques Based continuous one-dimensional yarn, introduce two- three-dimensional fabric fabricating methods. Finally, challenges relevant perspectives potential solutions address related problems.

Language: Английский

Citations

92
The effect of side chain engineering on conjugated polymers in organic electrochemical transistors for bioelectronic applications DOI Creative Commons
Yifei He, Nadzeya A. Kukhta, Adam Marks

et al.

Journal of Materials Chemistry C, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 10(7), P. 2314 - 2332

Published: Jan. 1, 2022

Bioelectronics focuses on the establishment of connection between ion-driven biosystems and readable electronic signals. Organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) offer a viable solution for this task. mixed ionic/electronic conductors (OMIECs) rest at heart OECTs. The balance ionic conductivities OMIECs is closely connected to OECT device performance. While modification OMIECs' properties largely related development conjugated scaffolds, such as ion permeability, solubility, flexibility, morphology, sensitivity can be altered by side chain moieties. In review, we uncover influence molecular design performance We summarise current understanding focus specifically knowledge ionic-electronic coupling, shedding light significance OMIECs. show how versatile synthetic toolbox chains successfully employed tune parameters

Language: Английский

Citations

83
Switching p-type to high-performance n-type organic electrochemical transistors via doped state engineering DOI Creative Commons
Peiyun Li, Junwei Shi, Yuqiu Lei

et al.

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13(1)

Published: Oct. 10, 2022

High-performance n-type organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) are essential for logic circuits and sensors. However, the performances of OECTs lag far behind that p-type ones. Conventional wisdom posits LUMO energy level dictates performance. Herein, we show engineering doped state is more critical OECT polymers. By balancing charges to donor moiety, could effectively switch a polymer high-performance material. Based on this concept, polymer, P(gTDPP2FT), exhibits record high performance with μC* 54.8 F cm-1 V-1 s-1, mobility 0.35 cm2 response speed τon/τoff = 1.75/0.15 ms. Calculations comparison studies conversion primarily due uniform charges, stabilized negative polaron, enhanced conformation, backbone planarity at negatively charged states. Our work highlights role understanding polymers'

Language: Английский

Citations

82
Highly Conductive and Solution-Processable n-Doped Transparent Organic Conductor DOI
Zhifan Ke, Ashkan Abtahi, Jinhyo Hwang

et al.

Journal of the American Chemical Society, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 145(6), P. 3706 - 3715

Published: Feb. 6, 2023

Transparent conductors (TCs) play a vital role in displays, solar cells, and emerging printed electronics. Here, we report solution-processable n-doped organic conductor from copper-catalyzed cascade reactions the air, which involves oxidative polymerization reductive doping one pot. The formed polymer ink is shelf-stable over 20 days can endure storage temperatures -20 to 65 °C. optimized thin-film TC exhibits low sheet resistance of 45 Ω/sq high transmittance (T550 > 80%), rival indium tin oxide. transparent excellent durability under accelerated weathering tests (85 °C/85% RH). Furthermore, film also function as an electrode material with volumetric capacity. When it paired p-doped PEDOT:PSS, record-high coloration efficiency obtained dual-polymer electrochromic device.

Language: Английский

Citations

80