Conductive polymer based hydrogels and their application in wearable sensors: a review

Materials Horizons, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 10(8), P. 2800 - 2823

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

Hydrogels have been attracting increasing attention for application in wearable electronics, due to their intrinsic biomimetic features, highly tunable chemical-physical properties (mechanical, electrical, etc.), and excellent biocompatibility. Among many proposed varieties of hydrogels, conductive polymer-based hydrogels (CPHs) emerged as a promising candidate future sensor designs, with capability realizing desired features using different tuning strategies ranging from molecular design (with low length scale 10-10 m) micro-structural configuration (up 10-2 m). However, considerable challenges remain be overcome, such the limited strain sensing range mechanical strength, signal loss/instability caused by swelling/deswelling, significant hysteresis signals, de-hydration induced malfunctions, surface/interfacial failure during manufacturing/processing. This review aims offer targeted scan recent advancements CPH based technology, establishment dedicated structure-property relationships lab advanced manufacturing routes potential scale-up production. The CPHs sensors is also explored, suggested new research avenues prospects included.

Language: Английский

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3D printing of stimuli-responsive hydrogel materials: Literature review and emerging applications

Giant, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 17, P. 100209 - 100209

Published: Nov. 15, 2023

Additive manufacturing (AM) aka three-dimensional (3D) printing has been a well-established and unparalleled technology, which is expanding the boundaries of materials science exhibiting an enormous potential to fabricate intricate geometries for healthcare, electronics, construction sectors. In contemporary era, combination AM technology stimuli-responsive hydrogels (SRHs) helps create dynamic functional structures with extreme accuracy, are capable changing their shape, functional, or mechanical properties in response environmental cues such as humidity, heat, light, pH, magnetic field, electric etc. 3D SRHs permits creation on-demand dynamically controllable shapes excellent control over various self-repair, self-assembly, multi-functionality, These accelerate researchers think unthinkable applications. Additively manufactured objects have shown applications like tissue engineering, drug delivery, soft robots, sensors, other biomedical devices. The current review provides recent progress SRHs, more focus on techniques, stimuli mechanisms, shape morphing behaviors, Finally, trends future roadmap additively smart different also presented, will be helpful research. This holds great promise providing fundamental knowledge about diverse

Language: Английский

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Multimaterial 3D printing of self-assembling smart thermo-responsive polymers into 4D printed objects: A review

Additive manufacturing, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 71, P. 103598 - 103598

Published: May 9, 2023

The three-dimensional (3D) printing and its extension four-dimensional (4D) technique show great promise for advanced additive manufacturing of functional architected materials with engineered micro- nanoscale features. actual usage to produce 3D/4D structures is primarily dependent on the improvement printable polymeric inks. Thermoresponsive polymers (TRPs) broad application prospects in since they enable changing physicochemical properties system at a specific temperature. Continuing progress understanding TRP phenomena design new feedstocks their compatibility fabrication processes. Therefore, increasing overlap between fields fundamental TRPs application-based research efforts can be important emerging technology. In this review, we provide an overview TRPs, different classes 3D printing, ranging from biosensors via self-assembly variety biofabrication, biomedical, biotechnology, food applications. Basic knowledge imperative processes like gelation mechanisms bio-based adsorption surfaces adhesion, strategies using also provided. For diverse synthesis basic physical chemical features are described mechanism behavior highlighted. Fabrication methods have been discussed describing several detail.

Language: Английский

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An overview of conductive composite hydrogels for flexible electronic devices

Advanced Composites and Hybrid Materials, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 7(2)

Published: Feb. 17, 2024

Language: Английский

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3D Printed Silk Fibroin‐Based Hydrogels with Tunable Adhesion and Stretchability for Wearable Sensing

Advanced Functional Materials, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: June 14, 2024

Abstract Hydrogel‐based wearable strain sensors have recently gained considerable interest due to their promising applications in real‐time health monitoring and motion detection. However, achieving integrated high‐stretchability, self‐adhesiveness, long‐term water‐retaining property simultaneously hydrogel systems remains a big challenge, which limits electronics. Herein, multifunctional material designed is proposed for that can be manufactured by digital light processing (DLP) 3D printing technology. By tailoring the composition of chemically cross‐linked networks (ploy(acrylamide)/poly(acrylic acid)/poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate), physically diacrylate/silk fibroin/glycerol/water) microstructures on surface, printed exhibits superior adjustable mechanical properties, tunable adhesion good simultaneously. In addition, through adding conductive ions, high ionic conductivity also achieved stretchable sensing applications. Based these multifunctionalities, suitable detect various body motions. This work provides prospect printable with broad

Language: Английский

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Highly Sensitive Zwitterionic Hydrogel Sensor for Motion and Pulse Detection with Water Retention, Adhesive, Antifreezing, and Self-Healing Properties

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 14(41), P. 47100 - 47112

Published: Oct. 4, 2022

The design and synthesis of conductive hydrogels with antifreezing, long-term stable, highly sensitive, self-healing, reusable is a critical procedure to enable applications in flexible electronics, medical monitoring, soft robotics, etc. Herein, novel zwitterionic composite hydrogel possessing fast self-healing performance, water retention, adhesion was synthesized via simple one-pot method. LiCl, as an electrolyte antifreeze, promoted dissociate under the electrostatic interaction zwitterions, resulting high electrical conductivity (7.95 S/m) excellent antifreeze ability (-45.3 °C). Meanwhile, could maintain 97% initial content after exposed air (25 °C, 55% RH) for 1 week due presence salt ions. Moreover, active groups zwitterions form conformal between skin, which particularly crucial stable signal output sensor. dynamic borate ester bonds, group hydrogen bond different components achieve rapid (2 h, efficiency 97%) without any external intervention. Notably, developed PBAS-Li (poly(vinyl alcohol) Borax/acrylamide/zwitterionic-LiCl) not only succeeded sensitively detecting human motions but also precisely captured handwritings signals subtle pulse waves on neck wrist. above findings demonstrated great potential field electronic devices.

Language: Английский

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3D-Printed Hydrogel for Diverse Applications: A Review

Gels, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 9(12), P. 960 - 960

Published: Dec. 7, 2023

Hydrogels have emerged as a versatile and promising class of materials in the field 3D printing, offering unique properties suitable for various applications. This review delves into intersection hydrogels exploring current research, technological advancements, future directions. It starts with an overview hydrogel basics, including composition properties, details used printing. The explores diverse printing methods hydrogels, discussing their advantages limitations. emphasizes integration 3D-printed biomedical engineering, showcasing its role tissue regenerative medicine, drug delivery. Beyond healthcare, it also examines applications food, cosmetics, electronics industries. Challenges like resolution limitations scalability are addressed. predicts trends material development, techniques, novel

Language: Английский

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Nanomaterials Reinforced Polymer Filament for Fused Deposition Modeling: A State-of-the-Art Review

Polymers, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(14), P. 2980 - 2980

Published: July 8, 2023

For the past years, fused deposition modeling (FDM) technology has received increased attention in applications of industrial manufacturing fields, particularly for rapid prototyping, small batch production and highly customized products, owing to merits low-cost, user-friendliness high design freedom. To further expand application potential promote performance as-manufactured many efforts have been spent on development suitable materials FDM applications. In recent involvement nanomaterials FDM-based polymer matrix, which demonstrated with great opportunities enhance versatility printed objects, attracted more research interest trend is expected be pronounced next few years. This paper attempts provide a timely review regarding current advances use reinforce filaments technique. Polymer composite based such as carbon nanotubes, nanoclay, fibers, graphene, metal nanoparticles oxides are discussed detail their properties We also summarized challenges outlooked future trends this field. aims at providing useful reference guidance skilled researchers beginners related fields. Hopefully, can stimulated coming

Language: Английский

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A review on thermal and electrical behaviours of liquid metal-based polymer composites

Journal of Materials Chemistry C, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(38), P. 12807 - 12827

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

Liquid metals (LM) have attracted tremendous attention in the last decade, especially fabrication of LM-based polymer composites (LMPCs), due to unique combination their metallic and fluidic properties.

Language: Английский

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Highly stretchable, robust, sensitive and wearable strain sensors based on mesh-structured conductive hydrogels

Chemical Engineering Journal, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 480, P. 148228 - 148228

Published: Dec. 22, 2023

Language: Английский

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