Photoactive Copper Complexes: Properties and Applications

Chemical Reviews, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 122(22), P. 16365 - 16609

Published: Nov. 9, 2022

Photocatalyzed and photosensitized chemical processes have seen growing interest recently become among the most active areas of research, notably due to their applications in fields such as medicine, synthesis, material science or environmental chemistry. Among all homogeneous catalytic systems reported date, photoactive copper(I) complexes been shown be especially attractive, not only alternative noble metal complexes, extensively studied utilized recently. They are at core this review article which is divided into two main sections. The first one focuses on an exhaustive comprehensive overview structural, photophysical electrochemical properties mononuclear typical examples highlighting critical structural parameters impact being presented enlighten future design complexes. second section devoted application (photoredox catalysis organic reactions polymerization, hydrogen production, photoreduction carbon dioxide dye-sensitized solar cells), illustrating progression from early current state-of-the-art showcasing how some limitations can overcome with high versatility.

Language: Английский

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Photoinduced Copper-Catalyzed Late-Stage Azidoarylation of Alkenes via Arylthianthrenium Salts

Journal of the American Chemical Society, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 145(25), P. 13542 - 13548

Published: June 12, 2023

The arylethylamine pharmacophore is conserved across a range of biologically active natural products and pharmaceuticals, particularly in molecules that act on the central nervous system. Herein, we present photoinduced copper-catalyzed azidoarylation alkenes at late stage with arylthianthrenium salts, allowing access to highly functionalized acyclic (hetero)arylethylamine scaffolds are otherwise difficult access. A mechanistic study consistent rac-BINAP-CuI-azide (2) as photoactive catalytic species. We show utility new method by expedient synthesis racemic melphalan four steps through C-H functionalization.

Language: Английский

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Iron-catalyzed fluoroalkylative alkylsulfonylation of alkenes via radical-anion relay

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: Feb. 17, 2024

Abstract Transition metal-catalyzed reductive difunctionalization of alkenes with alkyl halides is a powerful method for upgrading commodity chemicals into densely functionalized molecules. However, super stoichiometric amounts metal reductant and the requirement installing directing group to suppress inherent β-H elimination bring great limitations this type reaction. We demonstrate herein that two different accessible via radical-anion relay Na 2 S O 4 as both sulfone-source. The together electron-shuttle catalyst crucial divert mechanistic pathway toward formation sulfone anion instead previously reported alkylmetal intermediates. Mechanistic studies allow identification carbon-centered radical sulfur-centered radical, which are in equilibrium capture or extrusion SO could be converted accelerated by iron catalysis, leading observed high chemoselectivity.

Language: Английский

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An overview on copper in industrial chemistry: From ancient pigment to modern catalysis

Coordination Chemistry Reviews, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 529, P. 216438 - 216438

Published: Jan. 17, 2025

Language: Английский

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Visible-Light-Induced Energy-Transfer-Mediated Hydrofunctionalization and Difunctionalization of Unsaturated Compounds via Sigma-Bond Homolysis of Energy-Transfer Acceptors

ACS Catalysis, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(3), P. 1854 - 1941

Published: Jan. 17, 2025

Over the past decade, visible-light-mediated energy-transfer (EnT) catalysis, particularly triplet–triplet (TTEnT) has emerged as a mild and environmentally friendly approach for diverse organic synthetic transformations. In contrast to photoredox which typically requires sacrificial electron donors or acceptors complete catalytic cycle, EnT photocatalysis generally proceeds with high atom economy while minimizing generation of wasteful byproducts. Furthermore, successful catalysis is contingent upon precise control redox potentials both photocatalysts substrates, strategies are primarily influenced by triplet energy compatibility between these entities. Considering growing importance photocatalysis, well hydrofunctionalization difunctionalization reactions in synthesis, this review systematically summarizes significant advancements EnT-enabled unsaturated compounds via sigma-bond homolysis over decade. Special emphasis placed on elucidating substrate scopes mechanistic scenarios. Additionally, discusses versatile applications methodologies addresses current challenges opportunities within evolving research field. This structured into six main categories based different types sigma-bonds undergoing homolysis. These include transformations mediated 1) N–O bond oxime esters other N,O-radical precursors; 2) N–S N-sulfonyl imines N,S-radical 3) chalcogen–chalcogen disulfides oxy/thio/selenosulfonates; 4) C–S tri/difluoromethylated sulfinates, acetylenic triflones, arylsulfonium salts; 5) C–X (X = halogen) halides; 6) acceptors. Through providing theoretical backgrounds along comprehensive overview currently employed acceptors, photosensitizers, contemporary EnT-induced compounds, aims serve an invaluable resource future innovations rapidly

Language: Английский

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Copper-Catalyzed Three-Component Photo-ATRA-Type Reaction for Asymmetric Intermolecular C–O Coupling

ACS Catalysis, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12(17), P. 10925 - 10937

Published: Aug. 22, 2022

Atom transfer radical addition (ATRA) reaction of alkenes has had a significant impact on the field difunctionalization alkenes. Particularly, in three-component photo-ATRA-type processes, rich chemical space and structural diversity could be achieved by smart combination redox-active precursors third coupling components (e.g., halides, C-, N-, O-nucleophiles) under mild conditions. However, inherent complicated mechanisms involving chain or outer-sphere SET incipient intermediates have led to dearth general catalytic methods for highly enantioselective variants, especially those regarding asymmetric intermolecular C–O bond formation. Here, we report visible-light-induced copper-catalyzed with oxime esters carboxylic acids. In this process, cross-coupling between sp3-hybridized carbon radicals acids was enabled formation an aryl π-bond-engaged [σ + π]-copper complex. This working hypothesis renders naphthyl extended conjugation suitable substrates allows good stereocontrol. exhibits broad substrate scope high functional group tolerance respect each component, giving desired products generally yields enantioselectivity (>70 examples; up 97% ee). Preliminary experimental computational studies are also performed gain insight into mechanism stereoregulatory elements. finding provides promising platform development other benzylic-type radical-based reactions.

Language: Английский

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Emerging Trends in Copper-Promoted Radical-Involved C–O Bond Formations

Journal of the American Chemical Society, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 145(32), P. 17527 - 17550

Published: Aug. 2, 2023

The C–O bond is ubiquitous in biologically active molecules, pharmaceutical agents, and functional materials, thereby making it an important group. Consequently, the development of bond-forming reactions using catalytic strategies has become increasingly research topic organic synthesis because more conventional methods involving strong base acid have many limitations. In contrast to ionic-pathway-based methods, copper-promoted radical-mediated formation experiencing a surge interest owing renaissance free-radical chemistry photoredox catalysis. This Perspective highlights appraises state-of-the-art techniques this burgeoning field. contents are organized according different reaction types working models.

Language: Английский

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Light-induced homolysis of copper(ii)-complexes – a perspective for photocatalysis

Chemical Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(17), P. 4449 - 4462

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

A new kid on the block: Cu( ii ) offers unique possibilities in photocatalysis for generating and stabilizing radicals to promote challenging synthetic transformations.

Language: Английский

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Recent advances in three-component radical acylative difunctionalization of unsaturated carbon–carbon bonds

Organic Chemistry Frontiers, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 10(18), P. 4488 - 4515

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

This review highlights the recent advances in radical acylated difunctionalization of unsaturated carbon–carbon bonds and focuses on mechanistic insights these transformations.

Language: Английский

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Expanding Reaction Profile of Allyl Carboxylates via 1,2-Radical Migration (RaM): Visible-Light-Induced Phosphine-Catalyzed 1,3-Carbobromination of Allyl Carboxylates

Journal of the American Chemical Society, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 145(15), P. 8275 - 8284

Published: April 5, 2023

Allyl carboxylates are useful synthetic intermediates in a variety of organic transformations, including catalytic nucleophilic/electrophilic allylic substitution reactions and 1,2-difunctionalization reactions. However, the 1,3-difunctionalization allyl remains elusive. Herein, we report first photoinduced, phosphine-catalyzed 1,3-carbobromination carboxylates, affording range valuable substituted isopropyl (sIPC). The transformation has broad functional group tolerance, is amenable to late-stage modification complex molecules gram-scale synthesis, expands reaction profiles phosphine catalysis. Preliminary experimental computational studies suggest non-chain-radical mechanism involving formation an electron donor-acceptor complex, 1,2-radical migration (RaM), Br-atom transfer processes. We anticipate that 1,2-RaM reactivity radical will both serve as platform for development new transformations synthesis.

Language: Английский

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