Chemical Reviews,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
124(7), P. 3694 - 3812
Published: March 22, 2024
Electrocatalytic
water
splitting
driven
by
renewable
electricity
has
been
recognized
as
a
promising
approach
for
green
hydrogen
production.
Different
from
conventional
strategies
in
developing
electrocatalysts
the
two
half-reactions
of
(e.g.,
and
oxygen
evolution
reactions,
HER
OER)
separately,
there
growing
interest
designing
bifunctional
electrocatalysts,
which
are
able
to
catalyze
both
OER.
In
addition,
considering
high
overpotentials
required
OER
while
limited
value
produced
oxygen,
is
another
rapidly
exploring
alternative
oxidation
reactions
replace
hybrid
toward
energy-efficient
generation.
This
Review
begins
with
an
introduction
on
fundamental
aspects
splitting,
followed
thorough
discussion
various
physicochemical
characterization
techniques
that
frequently
employed
probing
active
sites,
emphasis
reconstruction
during
redox
electrolysis.
The
design,
synthesis,
performance
diverse
based
noble
metals,
nonprecious
metal-free
nanocarbons,
overall
acidic
alkaline
electrolytes,
thoroughly
summarized
compared.
Next,
their
application
also
presented,
wherein
anodic
include
sacrificing
agents
oxidation,
pollutants
oxidative
degradation,
organics
upgrading.
Finally,
concise
statement
current
challenges
future
opportunities
presented
hope
guiding
endeavors
quest
sustainable
Chemical Reviews,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
123(23), P. 12795 - 13208
Published: Nov. 15, 2023
Transition
metal
borides,
carbides,
pnictides,
and
chalcogenides
(X-ides)
have
emerged
as
a
class
of
materials
for
the
oxygen
evolution
reaction
(OER).
Because
their
high
earth
abundance,
electrical
conductivity,
OER
performance,
these
electrocatalysts
potential
to
enable
practical
application
green
energy
conversion
storage.
Under
potentials,
X-ide
demonstrate
various
degrees
oxidation
resistance
due
differences
in
chemical
composition,
crystal
structure,
morphology.
Depending
on
oxidation,
catalysts
will
fall
into
one
three
post-OER
electrocatalyst
categories:
fully
oxidized
oxide/(oxy)hydroxide
material,
partially
core@shell
unoxidized
material.
In
past
ten
years
(from
2013
2022),
over
890
peer-reviewed
research
papers
focused
electrocatalysts.
Previous
review
provided
limited
conclusions
omitted
significance
"catalytically
active
sites/species/phases"
this
review,
comprehensive
summary
(i)
experimental
parameters
(e.g.,
substrates,
loading
amounts,
geometric
overpotentials,
Tafel
slopes,
etc.)
(ii)
electrochemical
stability
tests
post-analyses
publications
from
2022
is
provided.
Both
mono
polyanion
X-ides
are
discussed
classified
with
respect
material
transformation
during
OER.
Special
analytical
techniques
employed
study
reconstruction
also
evaluated.
Additionally,
future
challenges
questions
yet
be
answered
each
section.
This
aims
provide
researchers
toolkit
approach
showcase
necessary
avenues
investigation.
Nature Communications,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
15(1)
Published: April 5, 2024
Abstract
Seawater
electroreduction
is
attractive
for
future
H
2
production
and
intermittent
energy
storage,
which
has
been
hindered
by
aggressive
Mg
2+
/Ca
precipitation
at
cathodes
consequent
poor
stability.
Here
we
present
a
vital
microscopic
bubble/precipitate
traffic
system
(MBPTS)
constructing
honeycomb-type
3D
robust
anti-precipitation
seawater
reduction
(SR),
massively/uniformly
release
small-sized
bubbles
to
almost
every
corner
of
the
cathode
repel
precipitates
without
break.
Noticeably,
optimal
with
built-in
MBPTS
not
only
enables
state-of-the-art
alkaline
SR
performance
(1000-h
stable
operation
–1
A
cm
−2
)
but
also
highly
specialized
in
catalytically
splitting
natural
into
greatest
ability.
Low
amounts
after
prolonged
tests
under
large
current
densities
reflect
genuine
efficacy
our
MBPTS.
Additionally,
flow-type
electrolyzer
based
on
stably
functions
industrially-relevant
500
mA
150
h
while
unwaveringly
sustaining
near-100%
Faradic
efficiency.
Note
that
estimated
price
(~1.8
US$/kg
H2
even
cheaper
than
US
Department
Energy’s
goal
(2
).
Chemical Society Reviews,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Jan. 1, 2024
A
comprehensive
summary
of
the
stability
electrocatalytic
OER
will
provide
insight
into
electrocatalyst
design
and
device
optimization
for
industrial
applications.
ACS Energy Letters,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
8(8), P. 3330 - 3342
Published: July 25, 2023
Anion-exchange
membrane
water
electrolysis
(AEM-WE)
promises
low
cost,
green
hydrogen
production
for
the
future.
In
order
to
meet
this
potential,
significant
improvements
performance
and
stability
of
catalyst
layers
(CLs)
must
be
made,
including
development
tailor-made
ion
conducting
polymer
materials.
This
Focus
Review
outlines
role
anion-exchange
ionomers
(AEIs)
in
CLs
enabling
activation,
enhancing
toward
delamination,
improving
conduction.
Detrimental
effects
such
as
inhibition
evolution
reaction
(HER)
oxygen
(OER)
oxidative
instability
ionomer
are
also
discussed
with
key
findings
from
recent
AEM-WE
literature.
Opportunities
future
guide
efforts.
Advanced Materials,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
36(13)
Published: Oct. 12, 2023
The
air
electrode
is
an
essential
component
of
air-demanding
energy
storage/conversion
devices,
such
as
zinc-air
batteries
(ZABs)
and
hydrogen
fuel
cells
(HFCs),
which
determines
the
output
power
stability
devices.
Despite
atom-level
modulation
in
catalyst
design
being
recently
achieved,
electrodes
have
received
much
less
attention,
causing
a
stagnation
development
equipment.
Herein,
evolution
for
ZABs
HFCs
from
early
stages
to
current
requirements
reviewed.
In
addition,
operation
mechanism
corresponding
electrocatalytic
mechanisms
are
summarized.
particular,
by
clarifying
interfaces
at
different
scales,
several
approaches
improve
rechargeable
reviewed,
including
innovative
structures
bifunctional
oxygen
catalysts.
Afterward,
operating
proton-exchange-membrane
(PEMFCs)
anion-exchange-membrane
(AEMFCs)
explained.
Subsequently,
strategies
employed
enhance
efficiency
membrane
assembly
(MEA)
PEMFCs
AEMFCs,
respectively,
highlighted
discussed
detail.
Last,
prospects
considered
discussing
main
challenges.
aim
this
review
facilitate
industrialization
HFCs.
Exploration,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
4(1)
Published: Oct. 20, 2023
Abstract
Researchers
have
been
seeking
for
the
most
technically‐economical
water
electrolysis
technology
entering
next‐stage
of
industrial
amplification
large‐scale
green
hydrogen
production.
Various
membrane‐based
electrolyzers
developed
to
improve
electric‐efficiency,
reduce
use
precious
metals,
enhance
stability,
and
possibly
realize
direct
seawater
electrolysis.
While
electrode
engineering
is
key
approaching
these
goals
by
bridging
gap
between
catalysts
design
development,
nevertheless,
as
an
emerging
field,
has
not
yet
systematically
analyzed.
Herein,
this
review
organized
comprehensively
discuss
recent
progresses
that
made
toward
advanced
electrolyzers.
For
commercialized
or
near‐commercialized
membrane
electrolyzer
technologies,
material
principles
are
interpreted
interface
put
forward
catalytic
sites
utilization
metal
loading
summarized.
Given
pressing
issues
cost
reduction
efficiency
improvement,
structure
applying
free
electrocatalysts
highlighted
sufficient
accessible
within
thick
catalyst
layers
with
rational
architectures
effective
ions/mass
transport
interfaces
enabled.
In
addition,
also
discusses
innovative
ways
proposed
break
barriers
current
electrolyzers,
including
adjustments
reaction
environment,
feasible
cell‐voltage‐breakdown
strategies
durable
Hopefully,
may
provide
insightful
information
inspire
future
development
technologies
cost‐effective
