Green and sustainable pretreatment methods for cellulose extraction from lignocellulosic biomass and its applications: A review

Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 7, P. 100396 - 100396

Published: Nov. 22, 2023

Lignocellulose biomass (LCB) is a plant mainly composed of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. Cellulose the most abundant biodegradable polymer on Earth very useful for various applications. However, complex structure lignocellulosic biomass, in which cellulose tightly bound to hemicellulose lignin, poses significant challenges isolation from LCB components. This necessitates efficient pretreatment techniques enable separation. Conventional methods are not sustainable because they involve use harsh chemicals, elevated temperatures, high energy consumption, low productivity, formation fermentation inhibitors can increase cost processing with negative environmental impacts. Green have been proposed address these issues using milder more approaches. These green evaluated terms their delignification efficiency, reduced solvent requirement, impact, economic viability, relevance recent advancements technologies. review provides overview application environmentally friendly as well potential key feedstock bioeconomy by showcasing versatility industrial

Language: Английский

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Global trading of renewable electricity-based fuels and chemicals to enhance the energy transition across all sectors towards sustainability

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 183, P. 113420 - 113420

Published: June 10, 2023

Renewable electricity-based fuels and chemicals are expected to play an ever-growing role in future sustainable energy systems. e-Fuels e-chemicals crucial for the defossilisation of hard-to-abate segments long-distance aviation marine, as well industrial feedstocks. This study evaluates e-fuels a global system transition from 2030 2050 by analysing demand these fuels, potential production, costs. Furthermore, trading corresponding benefits assessed. The wide availability renewable resources enables diversification markets compared current concentrated fossil trade, leading lower volumes traded e-products than currently fuels. South America, sub-Saharan Africa, Middle East North Africa regions emerge important exporters e-chemicals. estimates that 23–32% total will be traded, depending on type e-fuel e-chemical. Results indicate trade reduce average levelised cost 4.4–6.8% 2050, with some yielding reduction up 38% self-supply scenario. Globally, is estimated costs 136 b€ annually. risk supply disruptions importers can mitigated diversified portfolio strategies combining different exporting regions. Global both importers, reduced, benefit additional income, employment, tax revenues.

Language: Английский

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The role of electricity-based hydrogen in the emerging power-to-X economy

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 49, P. 351 - 359

Published: Aug. 28, 2023

As energy system research into high shares of renewables has developed, so have the perspectives fundamental nature a highly renewable economy. Early transition suggested that current fossil fuel systems would to 'Hydrogen Economy', whereas more recent insights suggest 'Power-to-X Economy' may be appropriate term, as electricity will become both most important primary and final carrier through various Power-to-X conversion routes across system. This paper provides detailed overview on years core elements Economy role hydrogen based latest results. These results that, by 2050, upwards 61,737 TWhLHV required fully defossilise global energy-industry Hydrogen, therefore, emerges central intermediate its relevance is driven significant cost reductions in electricity, especially solar photovoltaics wind power. Efficiency drivers position direct electrification solution for defossilisation system; however, electron-to-molecule are essential large subset remaining energy-related demands including chemical production, marine aviation fuels, steelmaking.

Language: Английский

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Impact of international transportation chains on cost of green e-hydrogen: Global cost of hydrogen and consequences for Germany and Finland

Applied Energy, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 347, P. 121369 - 121369

Published: June 18, 2023

Widely available and low-cost solar photovoltaics wind power can enable production of renewable electricity-based hydrogen at many locations throughout the world. Hydrogen is expected to emerge as an important energy carrier constituting some final demand; however, its most role will be feedstock for further processing e-fuels, e-chemicals, e-steel. Apart from meeting their own demand, countries may have opportunities export with area limitations or higher costs. This paper assesses feasibility e-hydrogen imports Germany Finland two case regions a high availability electricity, Chile Morocco, in comparison domestic supply. Special attention paid transport infrastructure, which has crucial impact on economic viability via routes, shipping pipelines. study found that despite lower costs Morocco compared Finland, additional transportation make economically unattractive. In early 2020s, imported fuel are 39–79% 34–100% than produced respectively. 2050, projected 39–70% more expensive locally 43–54% Finland. e-Hydrogen become mostly domestically feasible only specific locations. Local also dependence imports, enhance security, add jobs.

Language: Английский

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Highly renewable energy systems in Africa: Rationale, research, and recommendations

Joule, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 7(7), P. 1437 - 1470

Published: June 30, 2023

This review paper, the first to examine Africa's state of art fully renewable energy system analyses, assesses status and findings 100% analyses for Africa published in scientific journals. In total, 54 articles since 2000 have been identified analyzed. Most these studies are relatively new focus on power sector, while less attention is given other sectors. Despite being projected account a quarter world population by 2050, least researched region systems world. Notably, geographical scope research limited; Morocco Nigeria most countries, but France's overseas department La Réunion receives same attention, which reinforces point lack interest or community African continent. The literature further documents significant gaps Africa, including low resolution sector coverage, time, space, applied technology diversity. continent suffering from lowest rates electricity access, there no single model that can coherently transition on-grid off-grid solutions comprehensive transition.

Language: Английский

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Impact of global heterogeneity of renewable energy supply on heavy industrial production and green value chains

Nature Energy, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 9(4), P. 491 - 503

Published: April 24, 2024

Abstract On the path to climate neutrality, global production locations and trade patterns of basic materials might change due heterogeneous availability renewable electricity. Here we estimate ‘renewables pull’, that is, energy-cost savings, for varying depths relocation three key tradable energy-intensive industrial commodities: steel, urea ethylene. For an electricity-price difference €40 MWh −1 , find respective savings 18%, 32% 38%, which might, despite soft factors in private sector, lead green relocation. Conserving today’s by shipping hydrogen is substantially costlier, whereas trading intermediate products could save costs while keeping substantial value creation renewable-scarce importing regions. In regions, a societal debate on macroeconomic, geopolitical implications needed, potentially resulting selective policies green-relocation protection.

Language: Английский

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Global production potential of green methanol based on variable renewable electricity

Energy & Environmental Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 17(10), P. 3503 - 3522

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

The production cost of green methanol from renewable electricity-based hydrogen and atmospheric carbon dioxide could reach market prices by 2040, making it a potential solution for defossilisation the global chemical industry marine transport.

Language: Английский

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Role of smart charging of electric vehicles and vehicle-to-grid in integrated renewables-based energy systems on country level

Energy, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 301, P. 131635 - 131635

Published: May 13, 2024

The energy transition based on variable renewable sources raises concerns satisfying the electricity demand at all hours of a year, which is amplified by ongoing system electrification. Balancing supply and inelastic requires additional flexibility in system: flexible generation, storage, grids, demand, overall sector coupling. Electrification transport increases demand; however, it offers opportunity to use low-cost from electric vehicles batteries. LUT Energy System Transition Model was modified model smart charging vehicle-to-grid functionality integrated systems. results show that, countries with large fleet vehicles, allow for substantial reduction storage requirements, reducing heat capacity 35% 25%, respectively leading 4% lower cost. Flexible operation electrolysers required e-fuels synthesis have similar effect and, combination vehicle-to-grid, can lead 8% impact naturally depends assigned operational cost; contributes cost even high costs 50 or 100 €/MWh.

Language: Английский

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Role and trends of flexibility options in 100% renewable energy system analyses towards the Power-to-X Economy

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 212, P. 115383 - 115383

Published: Jan. 21, 2025

Language: Английский

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Assessment of Finnish Power-to-X Economy research 2017-2023: scientific articles and research activities in research institutions

Next research., Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 100126 - 100126

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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