Synthesis of Spirocyclopropane Scaffolds: A Review

Synthesis, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: June 4, 2025

Abstract This review highlights different synthetic strategies for preparing a spirocyclopropane moiety, covering the literature from 1989 to 2024. The moiety is structural scaffold that used access libraries of highly functionalized spirocarbo- and heterocyclic molecules. showcases routes synthesis spirocyclopropanes utilize distinct precursors methodologies, including cascade reactions, cyclopropanation, Michael-initiated ring closure (MIRC), one-pot multicomponent synthesis. These discussions are organized around oxindole core, which include isatin, oxindole, 3-chlorooxindole, 3-alkenyl oxindoles. Additionally, this explores various ylides other techniques. goal provide background chemistry researchers develop new ideas novel spirocyclopropanes. 1 Introduction 2 Synthesis Spirocyclopropanes 3-Chlorooxindole Derivatives 3 Isatin 3.1 Alkylidene Oxindole 3.2 Diazooxindole Compounds 4 1,3-Diones 5 N-Ylides 6 S-Ylides 7 Miscellaneous Syntheses 8 Conclusion 9 List Abbreviations

Language: Английский

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Optimization of Palladium-Catalyzed One-Pot Synthesis of Functionalized Furans for High-Yield Production: A Study of Catalytic and Reaction Parameters

Catalysts, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(10), P. 712 - 712

Published: Oct. 11, 2024

This study investigates the palladium-catalyzed one-pot synthesis of functionalized furans from 1,3-Dicarbonyl compounds and alkenyl bromides, focusing on various catalysts reaction parameters. Different catalysts, including PdCl₂(CH₃CN)₂, Pd(OAc)₂, Pd(acac)2 as well solvents, bases, oxidants, were systematically evaluated. PdCl₂(CH₃CN)₂ emerged most effective catalyst, achieving a remarkable yield 94%. Optimal conditions identified in dioxane at 80 °C with K₂CO₃ base CuCl₂ oxidant. also explored 1,3-diketones Cyclohexane-1,3-dione, 5,5-Dimethylcyclohexane-1,3-dione, 2H-Pyran-3,5(4H,6H)-dione, Cyclopentane-1,3-dione, Pentane-2,4-dione, Ethyl 3-oxobutanoate, 1,3-Diphenylpropane-1,3-dione, 1,3-Dip-tolylpropane-1,3-dione, 1,3-Bis(4-chlorophenyl)propane-1,3-dione, 1,3-Bis(4-bromo- phenyl)propane-1,3-dione, alongside different bromides such allyl bromide, (E)-1-Bromo-3,4-dimethylpent-2-ene, 1-Bromo-3-methylbut-2-ene, 3-Bromocyclohex-1-ene, (E)-1-Bromohex-2-ene. These variations demonstrated method’s versatility significant impact substituents reactivity yield. findings highlight importance optimizing to maximize efficiency provide insights into improving catalytic processes for enhanced product yields.

Language: Английский

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Construction of Quaternary Alkyl Motifs through Palladium- Catalyzed Oxidative Coupling of 1,3-Dicarbonyl Compounds with Alkenes Followed by C-C Bond Cleavage

Chemical Communications, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 60(78), P. 10958 - 10961

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

A palladium-catalyzed coupling reaction has been developed for the generation of tertiary alkylation products by reacting olefins with diversely functionalized 1,3-dicarbonyls. The involves C-H 1,3-dicarbonyls to produce a alcohol, followed C-C bond cleavage.

Language: Английский

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Rhodaelectro-Catalyzed Synthesis of Pyrano[3,4-b]indol-1(9H)-ones via the Double Dehydrogenative Heck Reaction between Indole-2-carboxylic Acids and Alkenes

The Journal of Organic Chemistry, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Nov. 12, 2024

A rhodaelectro-catalyzed double dehydrogenative Heck reaction of indole-2-carboxylic acids with alkenes has been developed for the synthesis pyrano[3,4-

Language: Английский

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