Structure-guided secretome analysis of gall-forming microbes offers insights into effector diversity and evolution

Published: Feb. 21, 2025

Phytopathogens secrete effector molecules to manipulate host immunity and metabolism. Recent advances in structural genomics have identified fungal families whose members adopt similar folds despite sequence divergence, highlighting their importance virulence immune evasion. To extend the scope of comparative structure-guided analysis more evolutionarily distant phytopathogens with lifestyles, we used AlphaFold2 predict 3D structures secretome from selected plasmodiophorid, oomycete, gall-forming pathogens. Clustering protein based on homology revealed species-specific expansions a low abundance known orphan families. We novel sequence- unrelated but structurally (SUSS) clusters, rich conserved motifs such as ’CCG’ ’RAYH’. demonstrate that these likely play central role maintaining overall fold. also SUSS cluster adopting nucleoside hydrolase-like fold among various microbes. Notably, ankyrin proteins were significantly expanded plasmodiophorids, most being highly expressed during clubroot disease, suggesting pathogenicity. Altogether, this study our understanding landscapes microbes provides valuable resource for broadening phylogenomic studies across diverse phytopathogens.

Language: Английский

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Plant Endophytic Fungi: Communication Mechanism to Deal with Biotic Stress

Microorganisms for sustainability, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 231 - 257

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Wheat zinc finger protein TaZF interacts with both the powdery mildew AvrPm2 protein and the corresponding wheat Pm2a immune receptor

Plant Communications, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 5(5), P. 100769 - 100769

Published: Nov. 17, 2023

Plant defense responses to pathogens are induced after direct or indirect perception of effector proteins their activity on host proteins. In fungal-plant interactions, relatively little is known if in addition avirulence effectors and immune receptors, other contribute specific recognition. The nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NLR) receptor Pm2a wheat recognizes the fungal powdery mildew AvrPm2. We found that predicted zinc finger TaZF interacts with both protein AvrPm2 as well NLR Pm2a. further demonstrated virulent AvrPm2-H2 variant does not interact TaZF. silencing resulted a reduction but loss Pm2a-mediated resistance. Interaction studies showed LRR domain mediator interaction recruits from cytosol nucleus, resulting nuclear localization Pm2a, wheat. propose acts facilitator Pm2a-dependant Our findings highlight importance identifying targets for characterization NLR-mediated

Language: Английский

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Fine mapping and identification of two NtTOM2A homeologs responsible for tobacco mosaic virus replication in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.)

BMC Plant Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 24(1)

Published: Jan. 24, 2024

Abstract Background Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) is a widely distributed viral disease that threatens many vegetables and horticultural species. Using the resistance gene N which induces hypersensitivity reaction, common strategy for controlling this in tobacco ( Nicotiana tabacum L . ). However, gene-mediated has its limitations, consequently, identifying genes from resistant germplasms developing cultivars an ideal damage caused by TMV. Results Here, we identified highly TMV-resistant germplasm, JT88, with markedly reduced accumulation following TMV infection. We mapped cloned two tobamovirus multiplication protein 2A TOM2A ) homeologs responsible replication using F 2 population derived cross between TMV-susceptible cultivar K326 JT88. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated 9 (CRISPR/Cas9)-mediated loss-of-function mutations of NtTOM2A almost completely suppressed replication; however, single mutants showed symptoms similar to those wild type. Moreover, natural were rarely detected 577 germplasms, CRISPR/Cas9-mediated variation led shortened plant height, these results indicating variations applied breeding maybe impact on growth development. Conclusions The are functionally redundant negatively regulate resistance. These deepen our understanding molecular mechanisms underlying provide important information potential application breeding.

Language: Английский

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Structure-guided secretome analysis of gall-forming microbes offers insights into effector diversity and evolution

Published: Feb. 21, 2025

Phytopathogens secrete effector molecules to manipulate host immunity and metabolism. Recent advances in structural genomics have identified fungal families whose members adopt similar folds despite sequence divergence, highlighting their importance virulence immune evasion. To extend the scope of comparative structure-guided analysis more evolutionarily distant phytopathogens with lifestyles, we used AlphaFold2 predict 3D structures secretome from selected plasmodiophorid, oomycete, gall-forming pathogens. Clustering protein based on homology revealed species-specific expansions a low abundance known orphan families. We novel sequence- unrelated but structurally (SUSS) clusters, rich conserved motifs such as ’CCG’ ’RAYH’. demonstrate that these likely play central role maintaining overall fold. also SUSS cluster adopting nucleoside hydrolase-like fold among various microbes. Notably, ankyrin proteins were significantly expanded plasmodiophorids, most being highly expressed during clubroot disease, suggesting pathogenicity. Altogether, this study our understanding landscapes microbes provides valuable resource for broadening phylogenomic studies across diverse phytopathogens.

Language: Английский

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A high-quality pseudo-phased genome for Melaleuca quinquenervia shows allelic diversity of NLR-type resistance genes

GigaScience, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: Dec. 28, 2022

Abstract Background Melaleuca quinquenervia (broad-leaved paperbark) is a coastal wetland tree species that serves as foundation in eastern Australia, Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, and Caledonia. While extensively cultivated for its ornamental value, it has also become invasive regions like Florida, USA. Long-lived trees face diverse pest pathogen pressures, plant stress responses rely on immune receptors encoded by the nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NLR) gene family. However, comprehensive annotation of NLR encoding genes been challenging due to their clustering arrangement chromosomes highly repetitive domain structure; expansion family driven largely tandem duplication. Additionally, allelic diversity remains unexplored outcrossing species, many genomes are presented haploid, collapsed state. Results We assembled chromosome-level pseudo-phased genome M. described NLRs using novel FindPlantNLRs pipeline. Analysis reveals variation number each haplotype, distinct patterns, differences types numbers integrated domains. Conclusions The high-quality assembly establishes new framework functional evolutionary studies this significant species. Our findings suggest maintaining within crucial enabling environmental stress, particularly long-lived plants.

Language: Английский

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Revealing grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) defense mechanisms against biotic stress: insights from transcriptomic analysis and systems biology

Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 71(7), P. 3851 - 3879

Published: Feb. 6, 2024

Language: Английский

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Genome-informed trophic classification and functional characterization of virulence proteins from the maize tar spot pathogen Phyllachora maydis

Phytopathology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 114(8), P. 1940 - 1949

Published: May 8, 2024

is an ascomycete foliar fungal pathogen and the causal agent of tar spot in maize. Although

Language: Английский

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TheFusarium graminearumeffector protease FgTPP1 suppresses immune responses and facilitates Fusarium Head Blight Disease

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Sept. 2, 2024

ABSTRACT Most plant pathogens secrete effector proteins to circumvent host immune responses, thereby promoting pathogen virulence. One such is the fungus Fusarium graminearum , which causes Head Blight (FHB) disease on wheat and barley. Transcriptomic analyses revealed that F. expresses many candidate during early phases of infection process, some are annotated as proteases. However, contributions these proteases virulence remains poorly defined. Here, we characterize a endopeptidase, FgTPP1 (FGSG_11164), highly upregulated spikelet secreted from fungal cells. To elucidate potential role in virulence, generated deletion mutants ( ΔFgtpp1 ) performed FHB assays. While number completely bleached spikes infected by F . wild-type reached 50% total spikes, fully was 25%, suggesting contributes Transient expression green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagged localizes, part, chloroplasts attenuates chitin-mediated activation mitogen-activated kinase (MAPK) signaling, reactive oxygen species production, cell death induced an autoactive resistance when expressed planta Notably, conserved across Ascomycota phylum, making it core among ascomycete pathogens. These properties make ideal for decoy substrate engineering, with goal engineering FHB, likely other crop diseases caused fungi.

Language: Английский

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Genome editing towards pests and disease management in agricultural crops: Recent developments, challenges and future prospects

Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 134, P. 102402 - 102402

Published: Sept. 12, 2024

Language: Английский

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