Effects of probiotics on body weight, body mass index, fat mass and fat percentage in subjects with overweight or obesity: a systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials

Obesity Reviews, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 19(2), P. 219 - 232

Published: Oct. 18, 2017

Summary A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials was conducted to examine the effects probiotic supplementation on body weight, mass index (BMI), fat percentage in subjects with overweight (BMI 25–29.9 kg m −2 ) or obesity ≥30 ). MEDLINE, EMBASE Cochrane Central Register Controlled Trials were searched for studies published between 1946 September 2016. meta‐analysis, using a random model, performed calculate weighted mean difference intervention control groups. Of 800 identified through literature search, 15 finally included. The comprised total 957 (63% women), BMI being 27.6 duration interventions ranging from 3 12 weeks. Administration probiotics resulted significantly larger reduction weight (weighted [95% confidence interval]; −0.60 [−1.19, −0.01] kg, I 2 = 49%), (−0.27 [−0.45, −0.08] , 57%) (−0.60 [−1.20, %, 19%), compared placebo; however, effect sizes small. non‐significant (−0.42 [−1.08, 0.23] 84%).

Language: Английский

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The Mouse Microbiome Is Required for Sex-Specific Diurnal Rhythms of Gene Expression and Metabolism

Cell Metabolism, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 29(2), P. 362 - 382.e8

Published: Oct. 18, 2018

The circadian clock and associated feeding rhythms have a profound impact on metabolism the gut microbiome. To what extent microbiota reciprocally affect daily of physiology in host remains elusive. Here, we analyzed transcriptome metabolome profiles male female germ-free mice. While mRNA expression genes revealed subtle changes liver, intestine, white adipose tissue, mice showed considerably altered with rhythmic physiology. Strikingly, absence microbiome attenuated liver sexual dimorphism sex-specific rhythmicity. resulting feminization masculinization animals is likely caused by development growth hormone secretion, differential activation xenobiotic receptors. This defines novel mechanism which regulates metabolism.

Language: Английский

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Comparison of the gut microbial community between obese and lean peoples using 16S gene sequencing in a Japanese population

Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Nutrition, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 59(1), P. 65 - 70

Published: Jan. 1, 2016

Altered gut microbial ecology contributes to the development of metabolic diseases including obesity. In this study, we performed 16S rRNA sequence analysis microbiota profiles obese and lean Japanese populations. The V3–V4 hypervariable regions fecal samples from 10 volunteers were sequenced using Illumina MiSeqTMII system. average body mass index group 38.1 16.6 kg/m2, respectively (p<0.01). Shannon diversity was significantly higher in than phyla Firmicutes Fusobacteria more abundant people people. abundance phylum Bacteroidetes Bacteroidetes/Firmicutes ratio not different between groups. genera Alistipes, Anaerococcus, Corpococcus, Fusobacterium Parvimonas increased people, Bacteroides, Desulfovibrio, Faecalibacterium, Lachnoanaerobaculum Olsenella Bacteria species possessing anti-inflammatory properties, such as Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, but bacteria pro-inflammatory properties Obesity-associated population that Western

Language: Английский

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The Diverse Metabolic Roles of Peripheral Serotonin

Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 158(5), P. 1049 - 1063

Published: March 1, 2017

Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine or 5-HT) is a multifunctional bioamine with important signaling roles in range of physiological pathways. Almost all the 5-HT our bodies synthesized specialized enteroendocrine cells within gastrointestinal (GI) mucosa called enterochromaffin (EC) cells. These provide circulating 5-HT. We have long appreciated contributions gut, including its role modulating GI motility. However, evidence and clinical significance gut-derived outside gut has recently emerged, implicating regulation glucose homeostasis, lipid metabolism, bone density, diseases associated metabolic syndrome, such as obesity type 2 diabetes. Although new picture developed last decade regarding various peripheral serotonin, so too understanding physiology EC Given that they are scattered throughout lining tract epithelial cell layer, these typically difficult to study. Advances isolation procedures now allow study pure EC-cell cultures single cells, enabling studies occur. sensory capable integrating cues from ingested nutrients, enteric nervous system, microbiome. Thus, levels can be modulated by multitude factors, resulting both local systemic effects for raft pathways related metabolism obesity.

Language: Английский

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Advances in low-protein diets for swine

Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology/Journal of animal science and biotechnology, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 9(1)

Published: July 17, 2018

Recent years have witnessed the great advantages of reducing dietary crude protein (CP) with free amino acids (AA) supplementation for sustainable swine industry, including saving ingredients, nitrogen excretion, feed costs and risk gut disorders without impairing growth performance compared to traditional diets. However, a tendency toward increased fatness is matter concern when pigs are fed low-protein (LP) In response, use net energy system balanced AA formulation LP diets has been proposed as solution. Moreover, extent which CP can be reduced complicated. Meanwhile, requirements first five limiting (lysine, threonine, sulfur-containing AA, tryptophan, valine) that growing-finishing were higher than diets, because need endogenous synthesis non-essential support may lowered. Overall, address these concerns give better understanding this nutritional strategy, paper reviews recent advances in study provides some insights into future research directions.

Language: Английский

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