Interaction between microbiota and immunity in health and disease

Cell Research, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 30(6), P. 492 - 506

Published: May 20, 2020

Abstract The interplay between the commensal microbiota and mammalian immune system development function includes multifold interactions in homeostasis disease. microbiome plays critical roles training of major components host’s innate adaptive system, while orchestrates maintenance key features host-microbe symbiosis. In a genetically susceptible host, imbalances microbiota-immunity under defined environmental contexts are believed to contribute pathogenesis multitude immune-mediated disorders. Here, we review microbiome-immunity crosstalk their health disease, providing examples molecular mechanisms orchestrating these intestine extra-intestinal organs. We highlight aspects current knowledge, challenges limitations achieving causal understanding host immune-microbiome interactions, as well impact on diseases, discuss how insights may translate towards future microbiome-targeted therapeutic interventions.

Language: Английский

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Multi-omics of the gut microbial ecosystem in inflammatory bowel diseases

Nature, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 569(7758), P. 655 - 662

Published: May 29, 2019

Abstract Inflammatory bowel diseases, which include Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, affect several million individuals worldwide. colitis are complex diseases that heterogeneous at the clinical, immunological, molecular, genetic, microbial levels. Individual contributing factors have been focus of extensive research. As part Integrative Human Microbiome Project (HMP2 or iHMP), we followed 132 subjects for one year each to generate integrated longitudinal molecular profiles host activity during (up 24 time points each; in total 2,965 stool, biopsy, blood specimens). Here present results, provide a comprehensive view functional dysbiosis gut microbiome inflammatory activity. We demonstrate characteristic increase facultative anaerobes expense obligate anaerobes, as well disruptions transcription (for example, among clostridia), metabolite pools (acylcarnitines, bile acids, short-chain fatty acids), levels antibodies serum. Periods were also marked by increases temporal variability, with taxonomic, functional, biochemical shifts. Finally, integrative analysis identified microbial, biochemical, central this dysregulation. The study’s infrastructure resources, data, available through Bowel Disease Multi’omics Database ( http://ibdmdb.org ), most description date activities diseases.

Language: Английский

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Crohn's disease

The Lancet, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 389(10080), P. 1741 - 1755

Published: Nov. 30, 2016

Language: Английский

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The global, regional, and national burden of inflammatory bowel disease in 195 countries and territories, 1990–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

˜The œLancet. Gastroenterology & hepatology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 5(1), P. 17 - 30

Published: Oct. 21, 2019

The burden of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is rising globally, with substantial variation in levels and trends different countries regions. Understanding these geographical differences crucial for formulating effective strategies preventing treating IBD. We report the prevalence, mortality, overall IBD 195 territories between 1990 2017, based on data from Global Burden Diseases, Injuries, Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2017.We modelled mortality due to using a standard Cause Death Ensemble model including mainly vital registrations. To estimate non-fatal burden, we used presented primary studies, hospital discharges, claims data, DisMod-MR 2.1, Bayesian meta-regression tool, ensure consistency measures. Mortality, years life lost (YLLs) premature death, lived disability (YLDs), disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) were estimated. All estimates reported as numbers rates per 100 000 population, 95% uncertainty intervals (UI).In there 6·8 million (95% UI 6·4-7·3) cases globally. age-standardised prevalence rate increased 79·5 (75·9-83·5) population 84·3 (79·2-89·9) 2017. death decreased 0·61 (0·55-0·69) 0·51 (0·42-0·54) At GBD regional level, highest 2017 occurred high-income North America (422·0 [398·7-446·1] 000) lowest observed Caribbean (6·7 [6·3-7·2] population). High Socio-demographic Index (SDI) locations had rate, while low SDI regions rate. national USA (464·5 [438·6-490·9] population), followed by UK (449·6 [420·6-481·6] 000). Vanuatu (1·8 [0·8-3·2] population) Singapore (0·08 [0·06-0·14] total YLDs attributed almost doubled over study period, 0·56 (0·39-0·77) 1·02 (0·71-1·38) DALYs 26·5 (21·0-33·0) 23·2 (19·1-27·8) 2017.The substantially many which might pose social economic governments health systems coming years. Our findings can be useful policy makers developing tackle IBD, education specialised personnel address this complex disease.Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.

Language: Английский

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Epidemiology and risk factors for IBD

Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 12(4), P. 205 - 217

Published: March 3, 2015

Language: Английский

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The gut microbiome in health and in disease

Current Opinion in Gastroenterology, Journal Year: 2014, Volume and Issue: 31(1), P. 69 - 75

Published: Nov. 12, 2014

Recent technological advancements and expanded efforts have led to a tremendous growth in the collective knowledge of human microbiome. This review will highlight some important recent findings this area research.Studies described structure functional capacity bacterial microbiome healthy state variety disease states. Downstream analyses interactions between host its are starting provide mechanistic insights into these interactions. These data anticipated lead new opportunities for diagnosis, prognosis, treatment diseases.There is fast growing collection describing conditions available research community consideration further exploration. Ongoing characterize functions mechanisms underlying host-microbe better understanding role health disease.

Language: Английский

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Disease-Specific Alterations in the Enteric Virome in Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Cell, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 160(3), P. 447 - 460

Published: Jan. 1, 2015

Language: Английский

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Alterations of the human gut microbiome in multiple sclerosis

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 7(1)

Published: June 28, 2016

Abstract The gut microbiome plays an important role in immune function and has been implicated several autoimmune disorders. Here we use 16S rRNA sequencing to investigate the subjects with multiple sclerosis (MS, n =60) healthy controls ( =43). Microbiome alterations MS include increases Methanobrevibacter Akkermansia decreases Butyricimonas , correlate variations expression of genes involved dendritic cell maturation, interferon signalling NF-kB pathways circulating T cells monocytes. Patients on disease-modifying treatment show increased abundances Prevotella Sutterella decreased Sarcina compared untreated patients. patients a second cohort elevated breath methane controls, consistent our observation first cohort. Further study is required assess whether observed play in, or are consequence of, pathogenesis.

Language: Английский

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Multidonor intensive faecal microbiota transplantation for active ulcerative colitis: a randomised placebo-controlled trial

The Lancet, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 389(10075), P. 1218 - 1228

Published: Feb. 15, 2017

Language: Английский

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Impact of the Gut Microbiota on Intestinal Immunity Mediated by Tryptophan Metabolism

Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 8

Published: Feb. 5, 2018

The gut microbiota influences the health of host, especially with regard to immune homeostasis and intestinal response. In addition serving as a nutrient enhancer, L-tryptophan (Trp) plays crucial roles in balance between tolerance maintenance. Recent discoveries have underscored that changes modulate host system by modulating Trp metabolism. Moreover, Trp, endogenous metabolites (kynurenines, serotonin melatonin), bacterial (indole, indolic acid, skatole, tryptamine) profound effects on microbial composition, metabolism, host's system, host-microbiome interface, system–intestinal interactions. aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) mediates regulation immunity (as ligands AhR), which is beneficial for homeostasis. Among metabolites, AhR consist including kynurenine, kynurenic xanthurenic cinnabarinic indole, indole propionic acetic tryptamine. Additional factors, such aging, stress, probiotics, diseases (spondyloarthritis, irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory disease, colorectal cancer), are associated variability can influence Trp–microbiome–immune interactions also play regulating immunity. This review clarifies how regulates metabolism identifies underlying molecular mechanisms these Increased mechanistic insight into modulates through may allow identification innovative microbiota-based diagnostics, well appropriate nutritional supplementation prevent or alleviate inflammation. this provides new regarding comprehensive analyses targeted (including metabolites) essential experimental preciseness, cannot be neglected, explain contradictory results literature.

Language: Английский

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