A Covid-19 Milestone Attained — A Correlate of Protection for Vaccines

New England Journal of Medicine, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 387(24), P. 2203 - 2206

Published: Dec. 10, 2022

Language: Английский

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7-month duration of SARS-CoV-2 mucosal immunoglobulin-A responses and protection

The Lancet Infectious Diseases, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 23(2), P. 150 - 152

Published: Jan. 11, 2023

Language: Английский

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Mucosal vaccines for SARS-CoV-2: triumph of hope over experience

EBioMedicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 92, P. 104585 - 104585

Published: May 3, 2023

Currently approved COVID-19 vaccines administered parenterally induce robust systemic humoral and cellular responses. While highly effective against severe disease, there is reduced effectiveness of these in preventing breakthrough infection and/or onward transmission, likely due to poor immunity elicited at the respiratory mucosa. As such, has been considerable interest developing novel mucosal that engenders more localised immune responses provide better protection recall site virus entry, contrast traditional vaccine approaches focus on immunity. In this review, we explore adaptive components immunity, evaluate epidemiological studies dissect if conferred by parenteral vaccination or drives differential efficacy acquisition discuss undergoing clinical trials assess key challenges prospects for development.

Language: Английский

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mRNA vaccines for infectious diseases — advances, challenges and opportunities

Nature Reviews Drug Discovery, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Oct. 4, 2024

Language: Английский

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Conversion of monoclonal IgG to dimeric and secretory IgA restores neutralizing ability and prevents infection of Omicron lineages

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 121(3)

Published: Jan. 9, 2024

The emergence of Omicron lineages and descendent subvariants continues to present a severe threat the effectiveness vaccines therapeutic antibodies. We have previously suggested that an insufficient mucosal immunoglobulin A (IgA) response induced by mRNA is associated with surge in breakthrough infections. Here, we further show intramuscular and/or inactivated cannot sufficiently boost secretory IgA uninfected individuals, particularly against variant. thus engineered characterized recombinant monomeric, dimeric, IgA1 antibodies derived from four neutralizing IgG monoclonal (mAbs 01A05, rmAb23, DXP-604, XG014) targeting receptor-binding domain spike protein. Compared their parental antibodies, dimeric showed higher activity different variants concern (VOCs), part due increased avidity. Importantly, or form DXP-604 antibody significantly outperformed its antibody, neutralized BA.1, BA.2, BA.4/5 25- 75-fold increase potency. In human angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) transgenic mice, single intranasal dose conferred prophylactic protection BA.5. Thus, delivered nasal administration may potentially be exploited for treatment prevention infection, thereby providing alternative tool combating immune evasion current circulating and, potentially, future VOCs.

Language: Английский

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Vaccine adjuvants: Tailoring innate recognition to send the right message

Immunity, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 57(4), P. 772 - 789

Published: April 1, 2024

Language: Английский

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Mucosal immune response in biology, disease prevention and treatment

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 10(1)

Published: Jan. 7, 2025

Abstract The mucosal immune system, as the most extensive peripheral network, serves frontline defense against a myriad of microbial and dietary antigens. It is crucial in preventing pathogen invasion establishing tolerance. A comprehensive understanding immunity essential for developing treatments that can effectively target diseases at their entry points, thereby minimizing overall impact on body. Despite its importance, our knowledge remains incomplete, necessitating further research. outbreak severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has underscored critical role disease prevention treatment. This systematic review focuses dynamic interactions between mucosa-associated lymphoid structures related diseases. We delve into basic functions these tissues during processes explore intricate regulatory networks mechanisms involved. Additionally, we summarize novel therapies clinical research advances immunity-related also addresses challenges vaccines, which aim to induce specific responses while maintaining tolerance non-pathogenic microbes. Innovative therapies, such nanoparticle vaccines inhalable antibodies, show promise enhancing offer potential improved

Language: Английский

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Mucosal IgA against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Infection

New England Journal of Medicine, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 387(21)

Published: Nov. 24, 2022

Mucosal IgA against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron InfectionTo the Editor: Havervall et al. (Oct.6 issue) 1 suggest that wild-type spike-specific mucosal may provide protection omicron (B.1.1.529)breakthrough infection.We detected salivary anti-receptor-binding domain (RBD) antibodies G614 RBD in 48 of 67 vaccinated healthy persons (72%) at 5 to 59 days after receiving a dose messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccine -in 12 18 (67%) 1, 22 34 (65%) 2, and 14 15 (93%) 3. We also observed these (100%) 8 43 they had breakthrough infection.Prevaccinated, noninfected served as controls determine baseline antibody level (Fig. 1A, Methods section Table S1 Supplementary Appendix, available with full text this letter NEJM.org).The anti-RBD showed stronger correlation RBD-specific secretory immunoglobulin (sIg, use an antisecretory component antibody) (r = 0.62, P<0.001) than serum 0.35, P 0.001), findings most measured was (sIgA) produced locally glands.Furthermore, IgM were only low percentage (10%), which suggests majority sIg sIgA antibodies.The maintained for more months second third vaccine.After infection during BA.1 wave, salivary-specific induced sustained higher 1B).Among 29 monitored 6 vaccine, levels, but not plasma IgG levels or significantly lower 9 20 without such (P 0.002

Language: Английский

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The role of vaccines in the COVID-19 pandemic: what have we learned?

Seminars in Immunopathology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 45(4-6), P. 451 - 468

Published: July 12, 2023

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged late in 2019 and caused the disease (COVID-19) pandemic that has so far claimed approximately 20 million lives. Vaccines were developed quickly, became available end of 2020, had a tremendous impact on protection from SARS-CoV-2 mortality but with emerging variants morbidity was diminished. Here I review what we learned COVID-19 vaccinologist's perspective.

Language: Английский

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B-cell and antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2: infection, vaccination, and hybrid immunity

Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 21(2), P. 144 - 158

Published: Nov. 10, 2023

Abstract The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in 2019 prompted scientific, medical, and biotech communities to investigate infection- vaccine-induced immune responses the context this pathogen. B-cell antibody are at center these investigations, as neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) an important correlate protection (COP) from infection primary target SARS-CoV-2 vaccine modalities. In addition absolute levels, nAb longevity, neutralization breadth, immunoglobulin isotype subtype composition, presence mucosal sites have become topics for scientists health policy makers. recent pandemic was still is a unique setting which study de novo memory (MBC) dynamic interplay immunity. It also provided opportunity explore new platforms, such mRNA or adenoviral vector vaccines, unprecedented cohort sizes. Combined with technological advances years, situation has detailed mechanistic insights into development but revealed some unexpected findings. review, we summarize key findings last 2.5 years regarding immunity, believe significant value not only future vaccination approaches endemic settings.

Language: Английский

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