Real-world effectiveness of molnupiravir and nirmatrelvir plus ritonavir against mortality, hospitalisation, and in-hospital outcomes among community-dwelling, ambulatory patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection during the omicron wave in Hong Kong: an observational study

The Lancet, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 400(10359), P. 1213 - 1222

Published: Oct. 1, 2022

Language: Английский

---

Real-world effectiveness of early molnupiravir or nirmatrelvir–ritonavir in hospitalised patients with COVID-19 without supplemental oxygen requirement on admission during Hong Kong's omicron BA.2 wave: a retrospective cohort study

The Lancet Infectious Diseases, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 22(12), P. 1681 - 1693

Published: Aug. 24, 2022

Language: Английский

---

A Detailed Overview of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron: Its Sub-Variants, Mutations and Pathophysiology, Clinical Characteristics, Immunological Landscape, Immune Escape, and Therapies

Viruses, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(1), P. 167 - 167

Published: Jan. 5, 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic has created significant concern for everyone. Recent data from many worldwide reports suggest that most infections are caused by the Omicron variant and its sub-lineages, dominating all previously emerged variants. numerous mutations in Omicron’s viral genome sub-lineages attribute it a larger amount of fitness, owing to alteration transmission pathophysiology virus. With rapid change structure, sub-variants, namely BA.1, BA.2, BA.3, BA.4, BA.5, dominate community with an ability escape neutralization efficiency induced prior vaccination or infections. Similarly, several recombinant sub-variants Omicron, XBB, XBD, XBF, etc., have emerged, which better understanding. This review mainly entails changes due having higher number mutations. binding affinity, cellular entry, disease severity, infection rates, importantly, immune evading potential them discussed this review. A comparative analysis Delta other variants evolved before gives readers in-depth understanding landscape infection. Furthermore, discusses range abilities possessed approved antiviral therapeutic molecules neutralizing antibodies functional against sub-variants. evolution is causing infections, but broader aspect their not been explored. Thus, scientific should adopt elucidative approach obtain clear idea about recently including variants, so effective vaccines drugs can be achieved. This, turn, will lead drop cases and, finally, end pandemic.

Language: Английский

---

Real-world effectiveness of a single dose of mpox vaccine in males

Nature Medicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 29(3), P. 748 - 752

Published: Jan. 31, 2023

Language: Английский

---

Nirmatrelvir Plus Ritonavir for Early COVID-19 in a Large U.S. Health System

Annals of Internal Medicine, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 176(1), P. 77 - 84

Published: Dec. 12, 2022

In the EPIC-HR (Evaluation of Protease Inhibition for Covid-19 in High-Risk Patients) trial, nirmatrelvir plus ritonavir led to an 89% reduction hospitalization or death among unvaccinated outpatients with early COVID-19. The clinical impact vaccinated populations is uncertain.

Language: Английский

---

Real-world use of nirmatrelvir–ritonavir in outpatients with COVID-19 during the era of omicron variants including BA.4 and BA.5 in Colorado, USA: a retrospective cohort study

The Lancet Infectious Diseases, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 23(6), P. 696 - 705

Published: Feb. 11, 2023

Language: Английский

---

Paxlovid (Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir): A new approach to Covid-19 therapy?

Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 162, P. 114367 - 114367

Published: Feb. 6, 2023

Despite the need for novel, effective therapeutics COVID-19 pandemic, no curative regimen is yet available, therefore patients are forced to rely on supportive and nonspecific therapies. Some SARS-CoV-2 proteins, like 3 C-like protease (3CLpro) or major (Mpro), have been identified as promising targets antiviral drugs. The Mpro has a role in protein processing well pathogenesis of virus, could be useful therapeutic target. drug nirmatrelvir can keep from replicating through inhibiting Mpro. Nirmatrelvir was combined with another HIV inhibitor, ritonavir, create Paxlovid (Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir). metabolizing enzyme cytochrome P450 A inhibited by ritonavir lengthen half-life nirmatrelvir, so rintonavir acts pharmacological enhancer. exhibits potent activity against current coronavirus variants, despite significant alterations viral genome. Nevertheless, there still several unanswered questions. This review summarizes literature efficacy treating infection, also their safety possible side effects.

Language: Английский

---

Effectiveness of nirmatrelvir–ritonavir in preventing hospital admissions and deaths in people with COVID-19: a cohort study in a large US health-care system

The Lancet Infectious Diseases, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 23(7), P. 806 - 815

Published: March 15, 2023

In the USA, oral nirmatrelvir-ritonavir is authorised for use in patients aged 12 years or older with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 who are at risk of progression to severe disease and hospitalisation. We aimed establish effectiveness preventing hospital admissions death people an outpatient prescribing context USA.

Language: Английский

---

Paxlovid Associated with Decreased Hospitalization Rate Among Adults with COVID-19 — United States, April–September 2022

MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 71(48), P. 1531 - 1537

Published: Nov. 22, 2022

Nirmatrelvir-ritonavir (Paxlovid), an oral antiviral treatment, is authorized for adults with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 who are at increased risk progression to severe illness. However, real-world evidence on the benefit of Paxlovid, according vaccination status, age group, and underlying health conditions, limited. To examine Paxlovid in aged ≥18 years United States, a large electronic record (EHR) data set (Cosmos†) was analyzed assess association between receiving prescription hospitalization diagnosis ensuing 30 days. A Cox proportional hazards model used estimate this association, adjusted demographic characteristics, geographic location, vaccination, previous infection, number conditions. Among 699,848 eligible during April-August 2022, 28.4% received within 5 days diagnosis. Being prescribed associated lower rate among overall study population (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] = 0.49), those had ≥3 mRNA vaccines (aHR 0.50), across groups (18-49 years: aHR 0.59; 50-64 0.40; ≥65 0.53). should be reduce COVID-19-associated hospitalization.

Language: Английский

---

Population-based evaluation of the effectiveness of nirmatrelvir–ritonavir for reducing hospital admissions and mortality from COVID-19

Canadian Medical Association Journal, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 195(6), P. E220 - E226

Published: Feb. 12, 2023

Background:

A randomized controlled trial involving a high-risk, unvaccinated population that was conducted before the Omicron variant emerged found nirmatrelvir–ritonavir effective in preventing progression to severe COVID-19. Our objective evaluate effectiveness of COVID-19 while and its subvariants predominate.

Methods:

We population-based cohort study Ontario included all residents who were older than 17 years age had positive polymerase chain reaction test for SARS-CoV-2 between Apr. 4 Aug. 31, 2022. compared patients treated with not measured primary outcome hospital admission from or all-cause death at 1–30 days, secondary death. used weighted logistic regression calculate odds ratios (ORs) confidence intervals (CIs) using inverse probability treatment weighting (IPTW) control confounding.

Results:

The final 177 545 patients, 8876 (5.0%) 168 669 (95.0%) treated. groups well balanced respect demographic clinical characteristics after applying stabilized IPTW. occurrence lower group given those (2.1% v. 3.7%; OR 0.56, 95% CI 0.47–0.67). For alone, 0.49 (95% 0.39–0.62). findings similar across strata age, drug–drug interactions, vaccination status comorbidities. number needed treat prevent 1 case 62 43–80), which varied strata.

Interpretation:

Nirmatrelvir–ritonavir associated significantly reduced COVID-19, supports use mild are risk disease.

Language: Английский

---