Evolution of the SARS‐CoV‐2 omicron variants BA.1 to BA.5: Implications for immune escape and transmission

Reviews in Medical Virology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 32(5)

Published: July 20, 2022

Abstract The first dominant SARS‐CoV‐2 Omicron variant BA.1 harbours 35 mutations in its Spike protein from the original that emerged late 2019. Soon after discovery, rapidly to become worldwide and has since evolved into several variants. is of major public health concern owing high infectivity antibody evasion. This review article examines theories have been proposed on evolution including zoonotic spillage, infection immunocompromised individuals cryptic spread community without being diagnosed. Added complexity Omicron's are multiple reports recombination events occurring between co‐circulating variants with Delta other such as XE. Current literature suggests combination novel resulted having higher than Wuhan‐Hu‐1 variant. However, severity believed be less reduced syncytia formation lower multiplication human lung tissue. Perhaps most challenging studies indicate efficacy available vaccines against (8–127 times reduction) compared administration booster vaccine, however, compensates reduction improves by 12–35 fold. Concerningly though, broadly neutralising monoclonal antibodies, those approved FDA for therapeutic use previous variants, mostly ineffective exception Sotrovimab recent suggest BA.2 also resistant Sotrovimab. Currently two new BA.4 BA.5 emerging reported more transmissible immunity generated antibodies. As will likely continue emerge it important evolution, biological consequences mutations, existing well understood.

Language: Английский

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Neutralization against BA.2.75.2, BQ.1.1, and XBB from mRNA Bivalent Booster

New England Journal of Medicine, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 388(2), P. 183 - 185

Published: Dec. 21, 2022

Language: Английский

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A Detailed Overview of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron: Its Sub-Variants, Mutations and Pathophysiology, Clinical Characteristics, Immunological Landscape, Immune Escape, and Therapies

Viruses, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(1), P. 167 - 167

Published: Jan. 5, 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic has created significant concern for everyone. Recent data from many worldwide reports suggest that most infections are caused by the Omicron variant and its sub-lineages, dominating all previously emerged variants. numerous mutations in Omicron’s viral genome sub-lineages attribute it a larger amount of fitness, owing to alteration transmission pathophysiology virus. With rapid change structure, sub-variants, namely BA.1, BA.2, BA.3, BA.4, BA.5, dominate community with an ability escape neutralization efficiency induced prior vaccination or infections. Similarly, several recombinant sub-variants Omicron, XBB, XBD, XBF, etc., have emerged, which better understanding. This review mainly entails changes due having higher number mutations. binding affinity, cellular entry, disease severity, infection rates, importantly, immune evading potential them discussed this review. A comparative analysis Delta other variants evolved before gives readers in-depth understanding landscape infection. Furthermore, discusses range abilities possessed approved antiviral therapeutic molecules neutralizing antibodies functional against sub-variants. evolution is causing infections, but broader aspect their not been explored. Thus, scientific should adopt elucidative approach obtain clear idea about recently including variants, so effective vaccines drugs can be achieved. This, turn, will lead drop cases and, finally, end pandemic.

Language: Английский

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Imprinted antibody responses against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron sublineages

Science, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 378(6620), P. 619 - 627

Published: Oct. 20, 2022

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron sublineages carry distinct spike mutations resulting in escape from antibodies induced by previous infection or vaccination. We show that hybrid immunity vaccine boosters elicit plasma-neutralizing against BA.1, BA.2, BA.2.12.1, and BA.4/5, breakthrough infections, but not vaccination alone, induce neutralizing the nasal mucosa. Consistent with immunological imprinting, most derived memory B cells plasma of cases cross-react Wuhan-Hu-1, BA.4/5 receptor-binding domains, whereas primary infections narrow specificity up to 6 months after infection. Although clinical have reduced neutralization Omicron, we identified an ultrapotent pan-variant–neutralizing antibody is a strong candidate for development.

Language: Английский

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Immunogenicity of BA.5 Bivalent mRNA Vaccine Boosters

New England Journal of Medicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 388(6), P. 565 - 567

Published: Jan. 11, 2023

Immunogenicity of BA.5 Bivalent mRNA Vaccine BoostersTo the Editor: Waning immunity after messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccination and emergence variants severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) have led to reduced vaccine efficacy against symptomatic infection disease. 1,2Bivalent boosters (manufactured by Pfizer-BioNTech Moderna) expressing spike protein B.1.1.529(omicron) sublineage ancestral WA1/2020 strain been developed because substantially evades neutralizing antibodies. 3However, immunogenicity BA.5-containing bivalent remains unknown.We evaluated immune responses in 15 participants who had received original monovalent 18 two vaccines (Table S1 Supplementary Appendix, available with full text this letter at NEJM.org).The a median three doses SARS-CoV-2, 33% documentation SARS-CoV-2 during omicron surge, although it is likely that majority hybrid before boosting, given high incidence summer fall 2022.Both preferential expansion antibody titers lower (Fig. 1A 1B Fig. S1).The titer increased from 184 2829 boosting 211 3693 boosting.Binding were similar enzyme-linked immunosorbent electrochemiluminescence assays S2 andS3).

Language: Английский

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Evaluation of Waning of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine–Induced Immunity

JAMA Network Open, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 6(5), P. e2310650 - e2310650

Published: May 3, 2023

Importance Estimates of the rate waning vaccine effectiveness (VE) against COVID-19 are key to assess population levels protection and future needs for booster doses face resurgence epidemic waves. Objective To quantify progressive VE associated with Delta Omicron variants SARS-CoV-2 by number received doses. Data Sources PubMed Web Science were searched from databases’ inception October 19, 2022, as well reference lists eligible articles. Preprints included. Study Selection Selected studies this systematic review meta-analysis original articles reporting estimates over time laboratory-confirmed infection symptomatic disease. Extraction Synthesis at different points vaccination retrieved studies. A secondary data analysis was performed project any last dose administration, improving comparability across between 2 considered variants. Pooled obtained random-effects meta-analysis. Main Outcomes Measures or disease half-life vaccine-induced protection. Results total 799 149 reviews published in peer-reviewed journals 35 preprints identified. Of these, 40 included analysis. a primary cycle both lower than 20% 6 months administration. Booster restored comparable those acquired soon after administration cycle. However, 9 30% The estimated be 87 days (95% CI, 67-129 days) compared 316 240-470 Delta. Similar rates found age segments population. Conclusions Relevance These findings suggest that vaccines rapidly wanes dose. results can inform design appropriate targets timing programs.

Language: Английский

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Antibody Response to Omicron BA.4–BA.5 Bivalent Booster

New England Journal of Medicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 388(6), P. 567 - 569

Published: Jan. 11, 2023

Language: Английский

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Efficacy and Safety of an mRNA-Based RSV PreF Vaccine in Older Adults

New England Journal of Medicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 389(24), P. 2233 - 2244

Published: Dec. 13, 2023

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) can cause substantial morbidity and mortality among older adults. An mRNA-based RSV vaccine, mRNA-1345, encoding the stabilized prefusion F glycoprotein, is under clinical investigation. Download a PDF of Research Summary. In this ongoing, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2–3 trial, we randomly assigned, in 1:1 ratio, adults 60 years age or to receive one dose mRNA-1345 (50 μg) placebo. The two primary efficacy end points were prevention RSV-associated lower respiratory tract disease with at least signs symptoms three symptoms. A key secondary point was acute disease. Safety also assessed. Overall, 35,541 participants assigned vaccine (17,793 participants) placebo (17,748). median follow-up 112 days (range, 1 379). analyses conducted when 50% anticipated cases had occurred. Vaccine 83.7% (95.88% confidence interval [CI], 66.0 92.2) against 82.4% (96.36% CI, 34.8 95.3) 68.4% (95% 50.9 79.7) Protection observed both subtypes (A B) generally consistent across subgroups defined according coexisting conditions. Participants group higher incidence than those solicited local adverse reactions (58.7% vs. 16.2%) systemic (47.7% 32.9%); most mild moderate severity transient. Serious events occurred 2.8% each trial group. single resulted no evident safety concerns led older. (Funded by Moderna; ConquerRSV ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT05127434.) QUICK TAKE VIDEO SUMMARYAn mRNA-Based PreF Older Adults 02:14

Language: Английский

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Bivalent SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines increase breadth of neutralization and protect against the BA.5 Omicron variant in mice

Nature Medicine, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 29(1), P. 247 - 257

Published: Oct. 20, 2022

Language: Английский

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Safety, immunogenicity and antibody persistence of a bivalent Beta-containing booster vaccine against COVID-19: a phase 2/3 trial

Nature Medicine, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 28(11), P. 2388 - 2397

Published: Oct. 6, 2022

Updated immunization strategies are needed to address multiple severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants. Here we report interim results from an ongoing, open-label phase 2/3 trial evaluating the safety and immunogenicity of bivalent Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine candidate mRNA-1273.211, which contains equal mRNA amounts encoding ancestral SARS-CoV-2 Beta variant spike proteins, as 50-µg (n = 300) 100-µg 595) first booster doses administered approximately 8.7-9.7 months after mRNA-1273 primary series ( NCT04927065 ). The objectives were evaluate reactogenicity mRNA-1273.211 demonstrate non-inferior antibody responses compared series. Additionally, a pre-specified objective was superior previously authorized booster. (50-µg or 100-µg) 28 days elicited higher neutralizing against than those second mRNA‑1273 dose NCT04470427 Antibody 180 also NCT04405076 ) Beta, Omicron BA.1 Delta variants, all met. profile (50-µg) similar (50-µg). Immunization with does not set ceiling response, elicits robust response titers that likely be protective COVID-19. These indicate vaccines can induce potent, durable broad providing new tool in emerging

Language: Английский

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