Monitoring for conservation

Trends in Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2006, Volume and Issue: 21(12), P. 668 - 673

Published: Aug. 18, 2006

Language: Английский

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Collapse of the world’s largest herbivores

Science Advances, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 1(4)

Published: May 1, 2015

Large wild herbivores are crucial to ecosystems and human societies. We highlight the 74 largest terrestrial herbivore species on Earth (body mass ≥100 kg), threats they face, their important often overlooked ecosystem effects, conservation efforts needed save them predators from extinction. generally facing dramatic population declines range contractions, such that ~60% threatened with Nearly all in developing countries, where major include hunting, land-use change, resource depression by livestock. Loss of large can have cascading effects other including carnivores, scavengers, mesoherbivores, small mammals, ecological processes involving vegetation, hydrology, nutrient cycling, fire regimes. The rate decline suggests ever-larger swaths world will soon lack many vital services these animals provide, resulting enormous social costs.

Language: Английский

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Camera Traps in Animal Ecology

Springer eBooks, Journal Year: 2010, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Oct. 4, 2010

Language: Английский

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The Impact of Hunting on the Mammalian Fauna of Tropical Asian Forests

Biotropica, Journal Year: 2007, Volume and Issue: 39(3), P. 292 - 303

Published: April 18, 2007

ABSTRACT People have hunted mammals in tropical Asian forests for at least 40,000 yr. This period has seen one confirmed global extinction (the giant pangolin, Manis palaeojavanica ) and range restrictions several large mammals, but there is no strong evidence unsustainable hunting pressure until the last 2000–3000 yr, when elephants, rhinoceroses, other species were progressively eliminated from parts of their ranges. Regional declines most occurred largely within 50 Recent subsistence typically focused on pigs deer (hunted with dogs spears or snares), monkeys arboreal (often caught blowpipes), porcupines rodents (smoked dug out burrows). Over importance been increasingly outweighed by market. The biomass dominated same as before, sold mostly local consumption, numerous additional are targeted colossal regional trade wild animals food, medicines, raw materials, pets. Many populations mammalian dispersers seeds understory browsers depleted eliminated, while seed predators had a more variable fate. Most this now illegal, law enforcement generally weak. However, examples successful show that impacts can be greatly reduced where sufficient political will. Ending should highest conservation priority.

Language: Английский

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Big Cats in Our Backyards: Persistence of Large Carnivores in a Human Dominated Landscape in India

PLoS ONE, Journal Year: 2013, Volume and Issue: 8(3), P. e57872 - e57872

Published: March 6, 2013

Protected areas are extremely important for the long term viability of biodiversity in a densely populated country like India where land is scarce resource. However, protected cover only 5% area and case large carnivores that range widely, human use landscapes will function as habitats required gene flow to occur between areas. In this study, we used photographic capture recapture analysis assess density human-dominated agricultural landscape with >300 people/km(2) western Maharashtra, India. We found evidence wide suite wild inhabiting cropland devoid wilderness herbivore prey. Furthermore, carnivores; leopard (Panthera pardus) striped hyaena (Hyaena hyaena) occurred at relatively high 4.8±1.2 (sd) adults/100 km(2) 5.03±1.3 respectively. This situation has never been reported before 10 carnivores/100 sharing space dense populations completely modified landscape. Human attacks by leopards were rare despite potentially volatile considering involved serious conflict, including deaths adjoining The results our work push frontiers understanding adaptability both, humans wildlife each other's presence. also highlight urgent need shift from PA centric level conservation approach, issues more complex, potential conflict very high. It highlights rethink policy, law practice current management focus restricted inside Areas.

Language: Английский

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ASSESSING TIGER POPULATION DYNAMICS USING PHOTOGRAPHIC CAPTURE–RECAPTURE SAMPLING

Ecology, Journal Year: 2006, Volume and Issue: 87(11), P. 2925 - 2937

Published: Nov. 1, 2006

Although wide-ranging, elusive, large carnivore species, such as the tiger, are of scientific and conservation interest, rigorous inferences about their population dynamics scarce because methodological problems sampling populations at required spatial temporal scales. We report application a rigorous, noninvasive method for assessing tiger to test model-based predictions viability. obtained photographic capture histories 74 individual tigers during nine-year study involving 5725 trap-nights effort. These data were modeled under likelihood-based, "robust design" capture–recapture analytic framework. explicitly estimated ecological parameters time-specific abundance, density, survival, recruitment, temporary emigration, transience, using models that incorporated effects factors heterogeneity, trap-response, time on probabilities photo-capturing tigers. The model random emigration parameter γŷ″ = γŷ′ 0.10 ± 0.069 (values mean se). When scaled an annual basis, survival rates Ŝ 0.77 0.051, probability newly caught animal was transient τŷ 0.18 0.11. During period when sampled area constant size, size Nŷt varied from 17 1.7 31 2.1 tigers, with geometric rate change 1.03 0.020, representing 3% increase. recruitment new animals, B¯t, 0 3.0 14 2.9 Population density estimates, B¯, ranged 7.33 0.8 tigers/100 km2 21.73 study. Thus, despite substantial losses variation in remained relatively high levels Nagarahole. Our results consistent hypothesis protected wild can remain healthy heavy mortalities inherently reproductive potential. ability entire history set incorporate reduced-parameter led estimates sufficiently precise be useful. This efficient, approach used rigorously investigate other rare, wide-ranging species which individuals identified photographs or means.

Language: Английский

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Bringing the Tiger Back from the Brink—The Six Percent Solution

PLoS Biology, Journal Year: 2010, Volume and Issue: 8(9), P. e1000485 - e1000485

Published: Sept. 14, 2010

The Tiger Summit, to be hosted by Prime Minister Vladimir Putin in Russia November 2010—the Chinese Year of the and International Biodiversity—promises most significant meeting ever held discuss fate a single non-human species. Summit will culminate efforts Global Initiative (GTI), launched 2008 Robert Zoellick, World Bank President. Leaders 13 tiger range states, supported international donors conservationists attending summit, are being asked commit substantive measures prevent unthinkable: extinction world's last wild populations. Wild numbers at an historic low. There is no evidence breeding populations tigers Cambodia, China, Vietnam, DPR Korea. Current approaches conservation not slowing decline [1]–[3], which has continued unabated over two decades. While scale challenge enormous, we submit that complexity effective implementation not: commitments should shift focus on protecting spatially well-defined priority sites, proven best practices law enforcement, wildlife management, scientific monitoring. Conflict with local people needs mitigated. We argue such emphasis would reverse do so rapid cost-efficient manner.

Language: Английский

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A critique of density estimation from camera‐trap data

Journal of Wildlife Management, Journal Year: 2011, Volume and Issue: 76(2), P. 224 - 236

Published: Dec. 29, 2011

Abstract Densities of elusive terrestrial mammals are commonly estimated from camera‐trap data. Typically, this is a 2‐step process involving 1) fitting conventional closed population capture–recapture models to estimate abundance, and 2) using ad hoc methods determine the effective trapping area. The methodology needs be accurate, robust, reliable when results used guide wildlife management. We critically review 47 published studies discuss problems associated with contemporary estimates species In particular we individual identification, sample size capture probability, 3) camera location spacing, 4) study area, 5) density estimation calculation an also recently developed spatially explicit (SECR) as alternative approach that does not require intermediate step estimating recommend greater transparency in design quality data, rigor reviewing manuscripts, more attention given survey ensure data sufficient for analysis. © 2011 Wildlife Society.

Language: Английский

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Bayesian inference in camera trapping studies for a class of spatial capture–recapture models

Ecology, Journal Year: 2009, Volume and Issue: 90(11), P. 3233 - 3244

Published: Nov. 1, 2009

We develop a class of models for inference about abundance or density using spatial capture–recapture data from studies based on camera trapping and related methods. The model is hierarchical composed two components: point process describing the distribution individuals in space (or their home range centers) observation traps. suppose that trap‐ individual‐specific capture probabilities are function distance between individual centers trap locations. show can be regarded as generalized linear mixed models, where random effects. adopt Bayesian framework under these formulation augmentation. apply to tigers Nagarahole Reserve, India, collected over 48 nights 2006. For this study, 120 locations were used, but cameras only operational at 30 during any given sample occasion. Movement traps common many camera‐trapping represents an important feature we address explicitly our application.

Language: Английский

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Carrying capacity of large African predators: Predictions and tests

Biological Conservation, Journal Year: 2007, Volume and Issue: 139(1-2), P. 219 - 229

Published: Aug. 10, 2007

Language: Английский

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