Synergies among extinction drivers under global change

Trends in Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2008, Volume and Issue: 23(8), P. 453 - 460

Published: June 25, 2008

Language: Английский

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Basin‐Wide Effects of Game Harvest on Vertebrate Population Densities in Amazonian Forests: Implications for Animal‐Mediated Seed Dispersal

Biotropica, Journal Year: 2007, Volume and Issue: 39(3), P. 304 - 315

Published: April 18, 2007

ABSTRACT Vertebrate responses to hunting are widely variable for target and nontarget species depending on the history of productivity any given site life traits game species. We provide a comprehensive meta‐analysis changes in population density or other abundance estimates 30 mid‐sized large mammal, bird reptile 101 hunted nonhunted, but otherwise undisturbed, Neotropical forest sites. The data set was analyzed using both an unnested approach, based estimates, nested approach which pairwise comparisons metrics were restricted geographic groups sites sharing similar habitat soil conditions. This resulted 25 clusters within 1811 compared across different levels pressure. Average increasingly greater pressure ranged from moderately positive highly negative. Populations all combined declined differences by up 74.8 percent their numeric less intensively sites, harvest‐sensitive faired far worse. Of examined, 22 significantly at high hunting. Body size affected direction magnitude changes, with large‐bodied declining faster overhunted Frugivorous showed more marked declines heavily than seed predators browsers, regardless effects body size. implications dispersal discussed terms community dynamics semi‐defaunated tropical forests.

Language: Английский

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Future threats to biodiversity and pathways to their prevention

Nature, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 546(7656), P. 73 - 81

Published: May 30, 2017

Language: Английский

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Navjot's nightmare revisited: logging, agriculture, and biodiversity in Southeast Asia

Trends in Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2013, Volume and Issue: 28(9), P. 531 - 540

Published: June 11, 2013

Language: Английский

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Seed dispersal in changing landscapes

Biological Conservation, Journal Year: 2012, Volume and Issue: 146(1), P. 1 - 13

Published: Jan. 3, 2012

Language: Английский

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Understanding the drivers ofSoutheastAsian biodiversity loss

Ecosphere, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 8(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2017

Abstract Southeast Asia (SE Asia) is a known global hotspot of biodiversity and endemism, yet the region also one most biotically threatened. Ecosystems across are threatened by an array drivers, each which increases probability extinction species in variety ecosystems. These issues symptomatic that face tropics; however, with around 4 billion people wider associated pressures on biodiversity, this may be under some greatest levels biotic threat. Deforestation rates SE highest globally, additionally it has rate mining tropics, number hydropower dams construction, consumption for traditional medicines threat to globally. In review, threats regional Asian discussed. Tree‐plantations deforestation represent imminent threats, countries have already lost over half their original forest cover (i.e., Philippines, parts Indonesia), projections as much 98% loss regions coming decade. Hunting trade significant demand stems not only food, but medicine, ornamentation, status symbol. Mining represents frequently overlooked threat, exporters limestone various minerals cost through direct areas mines, development roads further fragment landscape, leakage heavy metals, destruction karsts, endemicity hotspots. Reservoir wetland drainage, fires, pollution, invasive species, disease, finally climate change considered. Once issue been discussed, overall prognosis priority actions protect future

Language: Английский

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Borneo and Indochina are Major Evolutionary Hotspots for Southeast Asian Biodiversity

Systematic Biology, Journal Year: 2014, Volume and Issue: 63(6), P. 879 - 901

Published: July 28, 2014

Tropical Southeast (SE) Asia harbors extraordinary species richness and in its entirety comprises four of the Earth's 34 biodiversity hotspots. Here, we examine assembly SE Asian biota through time space. We conduct meta-analyses geological, climatic, biological (including 61 phylogenetic) data sets to test which areas have been sources long-term diversity Asia, particularly pre-Miocene, Miocene, Plio-Pleistocene, whether respective dominated by situ diversification, immigration and/or emigration, or equilibrium dynamics. identify Borneo Indochina, particular, as major "evolutionary hotspots" for a diverse range fauna flora. Although most region's is result both accumulation immigrants within-area diversification subsequent emigration predominant signals characterizing Indochina Borneo's since at least early Miocene. In contrast, colonization events are comparatively rare from younger volcanically active emergent islands such Java, show increased levels events. Few dispersal were observed across biogeographic barrier Wallace's Line. Accelerated efforts conserve flora currently housing highest plant mammal richness, critically required.

Language: Английский

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The empty forest revisited

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2011, Volume and Issue: 1223(1), P. 120 - 128

Published: March 1, 2011

Tropical forests are among the most species‐rich ecosystems on planet. Some authors argue that predictions of a tropical forest extinction crisis based analyses deforestation rates overly pessimistic since they do not take account future agricultural abandonment as result rural–urban migration and subsequent secondary regrowth. Even if such regrowth occurs, it is crucial to consider threats species directly correlated with area cover. Hunting an insidious but significant driver defaunation, risking cascading changes in plant animal composition. Ineffective legislation enforcement along failure decision makers address hunting fanning fire crisis. If survive, threat unsustainable must be adequately addressed now.

Language: Английский

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The future of tropical forests

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2010, Volume and Issue: 1195(1), P. 1 - 27

Published: May 1, 2010

Five anthropogenic drivers–land use change, wood extraction, hunting, atmospheric climate change–will largely determine the future of tropical forests. The geographic scope and intensity these five drivers are in flux. Contemporary land change includes deforestation (∼64,000 km 2 yr −1 for entire forest biome) natural forests regenerating on abandoned (∼21,500 with just 29% biome evaluated). Commercial logging is shifting rapidly from Southeast Asia to Africa South America, but local fuelwood consumption continues constitute 71% all production. Pantropical rates net declining even as secondary logged increasingly replace old‐growth Hunters reduce frugivore, granivore browser abundances most This alters seed dispersal, seedling survival, hence species composition spatial template plant regeneration. Tropical governments have responded threats by protecting 7% strict conservation nature—a commitment that only matched poleward 40°S 70°N. Protected status often fails stop hunters impotent against change. There increasing reports stark changes structure dynamics protected Four broad classes mechanisms might contribute changes. Predictions developed distinguish among mechanisms.

Language: Английский

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Meta‐Analysis of the Effects of Human Disturbance on Seed Dispersal by Animals

Conservation Biology, Journal Year: 2012, Volume and Issue: 26(6), P. 1072 - 1081

Published: Sept. 12, 2012

Abstract Animal‐mediated seed dispersal is important for sustaining biological diversity in forest ecosystems, particularly the tropics. Forest fragmentation, hunting, and selective logging modify forests myriad ways their effects on animal‐mediated have been examined many case studies. However, overall of different types human disturbance are still unknown. We identified 35 articles that provided 83 comparisons between disturbed undisturbed forests; all except one were conducted tropical or subtropical ecosystems. assessed fleshy‐fruited tree species. carried out a meta‐analysis to test whether affected 3 components dispersal: frugivore visitation rate, number seeds removed, distance dispersal. did not affect rate marginally associated with reduction seed‐dispersal distance. Hunting logging, but large removed. Fewer large‐seeded than small‐seeded species removed hunted selectively logged forests. A plausible explanation consistently negative hunting plant frugivores, as predominant dispersers species, first animals be extirpated from The area after fragmentation appeared weaker communities logging. differential large‐ underpinned studies showed disrupted plant‐frugivore interactions could trigger homogenization traits . Meta Análisis de los Efectos la Perturbación Humana sobre Dispersión Semillas por Animales

Language: Английский

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