Journal of the American Chemical Society,
Journal Year:
2013,
Volume and Issue:
135(31), P. 11580 - 11586
Published: July 24, 2013
Photochemical
metal–organic
deposition
(PMOD)
was
used
to
prepare
amorphous
metal
oxide
films
containing
specific
concentrations
of
iron,
cobalt,
and
nickel
study
how
composition
affects
heterogeneous
electrocatalytic
water
oxidation.
Characterization
the
by
energy-dispersive
X-ray
spectroscopy
photoelectron
confirmed
excellent
stoichiometric
control
each
21
complex
investigated.
In
studying
electrochemical
oxidation
catalyzed
respective
films,
it
found
that
small
iron
produced
a
significant
improvement
in
Tafel
slopes
cobalt
or
were
critical
lowering
voltage
at
which
catalysis
commences.
The
best
catalytic
parameters
series
obtained
for
film
a-Fe20Ni80.
An
extrapolation
XPS
data
indicates
optimal
behavior
this
binary
be
manifestation
stabilizing
higher
level.
This
work
represents
first
mechanistic
phases
ternary
oxides
use
as
catalysts,
provides
foundation
broad
exploration
other
mixed-metal
combinations.
Journal of the American Chemical Society,
Journal Year:
2015,
Volume and Issue:
137(13), P. 4347 - 4357
Published: Feb. 10, 2015
Objective
comparisons
of
electrocatalyst
activity
and
stability
using
standard
methods
under
identical
conditions
are
necessary
to
evaluate
the
viability
existing
electrocatalysts
for
integration
into
solar-fuel
devices
as
well
help
inform
development
new
catalytic
systems.
Herein,
we
use
a
protocol
primary
screen
evaluating
activity,
short-term
(2
h)
stability,
electrochemically
active
surface
area
(ECSA)
18
hydrogen
evolution
reaction
(HER)
26
oxygen
(OER)
relevant
an
integrated
solar
water-splitting
device
in
aqueous
acidic
or
alkaline
solution.
Our
figure
merit
is
overpotential
achieve
magnitude
current
density
10
mA
cm(-2)
per
geometric
area,
approximate
expected
10%
efficient
solar-to-fuels
conversion
1
sun
illumination.
The
specific
ECSA
each
material
also
reported.
Among
HER
catalysts,
several
could
operate
at
with
overpotentials
<0.1
V
and/or
solutions.
OER
catalysts
solution,
no
non-noble
metal
based
materials
showed
promising
whereas
solution
many
performed
similar
achieving
densities
~0.33-0.5
V.
Most
comparable
better
when
compared
Ir
Ru
solutions,
while
most
much
lower
than
Pt
both
For
select
additional
secondary
screening
measurements
were
conducted
including
Faradaic
efficiency
extended
measurements.
ACS Catalysis,
Journal Year:
2016,
Volume and Issue:
6(12), P. 8069 - 8097
Published: Oct. 19, 2016
Increasing
demand
for
finding
eco-friendly
and
everlasting
energy
sources
is
now
totally
depending
on
fuel
cell
technology.
Though
it
an
way
of
producing
the
urgent
requirements,
needs
to
be
improved
make
cheaper
more
eco-friendly.
Although
there
are
several
types
cells,
hydrogen
(H2)
oxygen
(O2)
one
with
zero
carbon
emission
water
as
only
byproduct.
However,
supplying
fuels
in
purest
form
(at
least
H2)
essential
ensure
higher
life
cycles
less
decay
efficiency.
The
current
large-scale
H2
production
largely
dependent
steam
reforming
fossil
fuels,
which
generates
CO2
along
source
going
depleted.
As
alternate,
electrolysis
has
been
given
greater
attention
than
reforming.
reasons
follows:
very
high
purity
produced,
abundant
source,
no
need
high-temperature,
high-pressure
reactors,
so
on.
In
earlier
days,
noble
metals
such
Pt
(cathode)
Ir
Ru
(anode)
were
used
this
purpose.
problems
employing
these
metals,
they
expensive.
review,
we
elaborate
how
group
VIII
3d
metal
sulfide,
selenide,
phosphide
nanomaterials
have
arisen
electrode
materials
(catalysts)
beyond
oxides
hydroxides
same.
We
also
highlight
evaluation
perspective
electrocatalysts
toward
detail.
Science,
Journal Year:
2016,
Volume and Issue:
352(6283), P. 333 - 337
Published: March 25, 2016
Earth-abundant
first-row
(3d)
transition
metal-based
catalysts
have
been
developed
for
the
oxygen-evolution
reaction
(OER);
however,
they
operate
at
overpotentials
substantially
above
thermodynamic
requirements.
Density
functional
theory
suggested
that
non-3d
high-valency
metals
such
as
tungsten
can
modulate
3d
metal
oxides,
providing
near-optimal
adsorption
energies
OER
intermediates.
We
a
room-temperature
synthesis
to
produce
gelled
oxyhydroxides
materials
with
an
atomically
homogeneous
distribution.
These
FeCoW
exhibit
lowest
overpotential
(191
millivolts)
reported
10
milliamperes
per
square
centimeter
in
alkaline
electrolyte.
The
catalyst
shows
no
evidence
of
degradation
after
more
than
500
hours
operation.
X-ray
absorption
and
computational
studies
reveal
synergistic
interplay
between
tungsten,
iron,
cobalt
producing
favorable
local
coordination
environment
electronic
structure
enhance
energetics
OER.
Nature Communications,
Journal Year:
2015,
Volume and Issue:
6(1)
Published: March 17, 2015
Abstract
Large-scale
industrial
application
of
electrolytic
splitting
water
has
called
for
the
development
oxygen
evolution
electrodes
that
are
inexpensive,
robust
and
can
deliver
large
current
density
(>500
mA
cm
−2
)
at
low
applied
potentials.
Here
we
show
an
efficient
electrode
be
developed
by
electrodepositing
amorphous
mesoporous
nickel–iron
composite
nanosheets
directly
onto
macroporous
nickel
foam
substrates.
The
as-prepared
exhibits
high
catalytic
activity
towards
oxidation
in
alkaline
solutions,
which
only
requires
overpotential
200
mV
to
initiate
reaction,
is
capable
delivering
densities
500
1,000
overpotentials
240
270
mV,
respectively.
also
shows
prolonged
stability
against
bulk
electrolysis
current.
Collectively,
three-dimensional
structured
most
electrolytes
reported
best
our
knowledge,
potentially
scale
electrolysis.
Journal of Materials Chemistry A,
Journal Year:
2014,
Volume and Issue:
3(6), P. 2485 - 2534
Published: Nov. 19, 2014
Recent
progress
and
strategies
toward
solar
water
splitting
over
heterogeneous
semiconductors
are
reviewed
the
challenges
future
perspectives
suggested.
Accounts of Chemical Research,
Journal Year:
2012,
Volume and Issue:
45(5), P. 767 - 776
Published: April 4, 2012
To
convert
the
energy
of
sunlight
into
chemical
energy,
leaf
splits
water
via
photosynthetic
process
to
produce
molecular
oxygen
and
hydrogen,
which
is
in
a
form
separated
protons
electrons.
The
primary
steps
natural
photosynthesis
involve
absorption
its
conversion
spatially
electron–hole
pairs.
holes
this
wireless
current
are
captured
by
evolving
complex
(OEC)
photosystem
II
(PSII)
oxidize
oxygen.
electrons
produced
as
byproduct
OEC
reaction
ferrodoxin
I.
With
aid
ferrodoxin–NADP+
reductase,
they
used
hydrogen
NADPH.
For
synthetic
material
realize
solar
function
leaf,
light-absorbing
must
capture
photon
generate
that
harnessed
catalysts,
drive
four
electron/hole
fuel-forming
water-splitting
under
benign
conditions
1
sun
(100
mW/cm2)
illumination.This
Account
describes
construction
an
artificial
comprising
earth-abundant
elements
interfacing
triple
junction,
amorphous
silicon
photovoltaic
with
hydrogen-
oxygen-evolving
catalysts
made
from
ternary
alloy
(NiMoZn)
cobalt–phosphate
cluster
(Co-OEC),
respectively.
latter
captures
structural
functional
attributes
PSII-OEC.
Similar
PSII-OEC,
Co-OEC
self-assembles
upon
oxidation
metal
ion
2+
3+,
may
operate
at
room
temperature,
self-healing.
also
activates
H2O
proton-coupled
electron
transfer
mechanism
increased
hole
equivalents
akin
S-state
pumping
Kok
cycle
PSII.
X-ray
spectroscopy
studies
have
established
relative
Mn3CaO4–Mn
cubane
where
Co
replaces
Mn
extended
corner-sharing,
head-to-tail
dimer.The
ability
perform
neutral
or
near-neutral
has
several
consequences
for
leaf.
NiMoZn
be
place
Pt
hydrogen.
stabilize
water,
surface
coated
conducting
oxide
onto
deposited.
net
result
immersing
triple-junction
Si
wafer
holding
it
up
can
effect
direct
splitting.
By
constructing
simple,
stand-alone
device
composed
materials,
provides
means
inexpensive
highly
distributed
solar-to-fuels
system
employs
low-cost
systems
engineering
manufacturing.
Through
type
system,
become
viable
supply
those
non-legacy
world.