Recovery of large carnivores in Europe’s modern human-dominated landscapes

Science, Journal Year: 2014, Volume and Issue: 346(6216), P. 1517 - 1519

Published: Dec. 19, 2014

The conservation of large carnivores is a formidable challenge for biodiversity conservation. Using data set on the past and current status brown bears ( Ursus arctos ), Eurasian lynx Lynx gray wolves Canis lupus wolverines Gulo gulo ) in European countries, we show that roughly one-third mainland Europe hosts at least one carnivore species, with stable or increasing abundance most cases 21st-century records. reasons this overall success include protective legislation, supportive public opinion, variety practices making coexistence between people possible. situation reveals can share same landscape.

Language: Английский

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The influence of human disturbance on wildlife nocturnality

Science, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 360(6394), P. 1232 - 1235

Published: June 14, 2018

Nocturnal refuge As the human population grows, there are fewer places for animals to live out their lives independently of our influence. Given mostly diurnal tendencies, one domain that remains less affected by humans is night. Gaynor et al. found across globe and mammalian species—from deer coyotes from tigers wild boar—animals becoming more nocturnal (see Perspective Benítez-López). Human activities all kinds, including nonlethal pastimes such as hiking, seem drive make use hours when we not around. Such changes may provide some relief, but they also have ecosystem-level consequences. Science , this issue p. 1232 ; see 1185

Language: Английский

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Framing Sustainability in a Telecoupled World

Ecology and Society, Journal Year: 2013, Volume and Issue: 18(2)

Published: Jan. 1, 2013

Liu, J., V. Hull, M. Batistella, R. DeFries, T. Dietz, F. Fu, W. Hertel, C. Izaurralde, E. Lambin, S. Li, L. A. Martinelli, J. McConnell, Moran, Naylor, Z. Ouyang, K. Polenske, Reenberg, G. de Miranda Rocha, Simmons, P. H. Verburg, Vitousek, Zhang, and Zhu. 2013. Framing sustainability in a telecoupled world. Ecology Society 18(2): 26. https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-05873-180226

Language: Английский

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Human–Wildlife Conflict and Coexistence

Annual Review of Environment and Resources, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 41(1), P. 143 - 171

Published: Sept. 12, 2016

Human interactions with wildlife are a defining experience of human existence. These can be positive or negative. People compete for food and resources, have eradicated dangerous species; co-opted domesticated valuable applied wide range social, behavioral, technical approaches to reduce negative wildlife. This conflict has led the extinction reduction numerous species uncountable deaths economic losses. Recent advances in our understanding growing number conservation coexistence outcomes. I summarize synthesize factors that contribute conflict, mitigate encourage coexistence, emerging trends debates. Fertile areas scholarship include scale complexity, models scenarios, generalizable patterns, expanding boundaries what is considered using new tools technologies, information sharing collaboration, implications global change. The time may ripe identify field, anthrotherology, brings together scholars practitioners from different disciplinary perspectives address human–wildlife coexistence.

Language: Английский

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Co-Adaptation Is Key to Coexisting with Large Carnivores

Trends in Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 31(8), P. 575 - 578

Published: July 3, 2016

Language: Английский

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Mesopredator spatial and temporal responses to large predators and human development in the Santa Cruz Mountains of California

Biological Conservation, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 190, P. 23 - 33

Published: June 3, 2015

Human-driven declines of apex predators can trigger widespread impacts throughout ecological communities. Reduced predator occupancy or activity release mesopredators from intraguild competition, with unknown repercussions on the community. As exurban development continues to expand worldwide, it is important document how are impacted by combined influences and humans. We used motion-detecting camera traps examine spatial temporal patterns meso- in a fragmented landscape California. hypothesized that both partitioning among carnivore guild would be affected varied levels human influence. found higher residential reduced puma but was not related mesopredators. Bobcats, grey foxes, Virginia opossums were detected more often at sites occupied pumas, whereas coyotes raccoons less often. The detection probabilities smaller coyotes, dominant mesopredator, magnitude direction these correlations differed depending upon occupancy. also species altered their activities temporally locations use, bobcats reducing diurnal increasing nocturnal ones. These shifts reflected between competitors, effects interactions prey Our results suggest alters community structure through direct indirect pathways. Therefore effective conservation requires an understanding respond varying anthropogenic influences.

Language: Английский

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A review of camera trapping for conservation behaviour research

Remote Sensing in Ecology and Conservation, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 3(3), P. 109 - 122

Published: June 18, 2017

Abstract An understanding of animal behaviour is important if conservation initiatives are to be effective. However, quantifying the wild animals presents significant challenges. Remote‐sensing camera traps becoming increasingly popular survey instruments that have been used non‐invasively study a variety behaviours, yielding key insights into behavioural repertoires. They well suited ethological studies and provide considerable opportunities for generating conservation‐relevant data novel robust methodological analytical solutions can developed. This paper reviews current state camera‐trap‐based studies, describes new emerging directions in camera‐based behaviour, highlights number limitations considerations particular relevance studies. Three promising areas discussed: (1) documenting anthropogenic impacts on behaviour; (2) incorporating responses management planning (3) using indicators such as giving up densities daily activity patterns. We emphasize importance reporting details, utilizing trap metadata standards central repositories facilitating reproducibility, comparison synthesis across Behavioural their infancy; full potential technology yet unrealized. Researchers encouraged embrace conservation‐driven hypotheses order meet future challenges improve efficacy processes.

Language: Английский

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Human-Wildlife Conflicts in Nepal: Patterns of Human Fatalities and Injuries Caused by Large Mammals

PLoS ONE, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 11(9), P. e0161717 - e0161717

Published: Sept. 9, 2016

Injury and death from wildlife attacks often result in people feeling violent resentment hostility against the involved and, therefore, may undermine public support for conservation. Although Nepal, with rich biodiversity, is doing well its conservation efforts, human-wildlife conflicts have been a major challenge recent years. The lack of detailed information on spatial temporal patterns at national level impedes development effective conflict mitigation plans. We examined human injury caused by large mammals using data attack events their spatiotemporal dimensions collected survey available Nepal over five years (2010–2014). Data were analyzed logistic regression chi-square or Fisher's exact tests. results show that Asiatic elephants common leopards are most commonly terms frequency fatalities. one-horned rhinoceros bears had higher than Bengal tigers, tigers more fatalities each these two species. Attacks peaked winter frequently occurred outside protected areas settlements. Leopard almost entirely areas, significantly greater number winter, mainly forests inside areas; similarly, mostly within areas. found settlements increasingly becoming hotspots, burgeoning incidents involving leopards. conclude species-specific strategies urgently needed, particularly elephants. implications our findings minimizing conserving imperiled species discussed.

Language: Английский

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Paws without claws? Ecological effects of large carnivores in anthropogenic landscapes

Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 283(1841), P. 20161625 - 20161625

Published: Oct. 26, 2016

Large carnivores are frequently presented as saviours of biodiversity and ecosystem functioning through their creation trophic cascades, an idea largely based on studies coming primarily out relatively natural landscapes. However, in large parts the world, particularly Europe, live returning to strongly human-modified ecosystems. At present, we lack a coherent framework predict effects these anthropogenic We review how human actions influence ecological roles by affecting density or behaviour those mesopredators prey species. argue that potential for density-mediated cascades landscapes is limited unproductive areas where even low carnivore numbers may impact densities landscape allowed reach ecologically functional densities. The behaviourally mediated be larger more widespread, because affect behaviour. conclude predator–prey interactions will highly context-dependent often attenuate carnivores. highlight knowledge gaps outline new research avenue study role

Language: Английский

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Human–Wildlife Conflicts and the Need to Include Tolerance and Coexistence: An Introductory Comment

Society & Natural Resources, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 29(6), P. 738 - 743

Published: Nov. 25, 2015

CONTACT Beatrice Frank [email protected] Department of Sociology, Oklahoma State University, 431 Murray, Stillwater, OK 74074, USA.

Language: Английский

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