Beyond spatial overlap: harnessing new technologies to resolve the complexities of predator–prey interactions

Oikos, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 2022(8)

Published: Feb. 21, 2022

Predation risk, the probability that a prey animal will be killed by predator, is fundamental to theoretical and applied ecology. risk varies with behavior environmental conditions, yet attempts understand predation in natural systems often ignore important ecological complexities, relying instead on proxies for actual such as predator–prey spatial overlap. Here we detail complexities driving disconnects between three stages of sequence are assumed tightly linked: overlap, encounters capture. Our review highlights several major sources variability lead decoupling overlap estimates from encounter rates (e.g. temporal activity patterns, predator movement capacity, resource limitations) affect capture given hunger levels, temporal, topographic other influences success). Emerging technologies statistical methods facilitating transition more spatiotemporally detailed, mechanistic understanding interactions, allowing concurrent examination multiple mobile, free‐ranging animals. We describe crucial applications this new ecology, highlighting opportunities better integrate contingencies into dynamic models harness interactions improve targeting effectiveness conservation interventions.

Language: Английский

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Pervasiveness of Biological Impacts of Artificial Light at Night

Integrative and Comparative Biology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 61(3), P. 1098 - 1110

Published: June 23, 2021

Artificial light at night (ALAN) and its associated biological impacts have regularly been characterized as predominantly urban issues. Although far from trivial, this would imply that these only affect ecosystems are already heavily modified by humans relatively limited in their spatial extent, least compared with some key anthropogenic pressures on the environment attract much more scientific public attention, such climate change or plastic pollution. However, there a number of reasons to believe ALAN pervasive, therefore need be viewed broader geographic perspective rather than an essentially one. Here we address, turn, 11 issues when considering degree pervasiveness ALAN. First, global extent is likely itself commonly underestimated, consequence limitations available remote sensing data sources how processed. Second third, isolated (rural) mobile (e.g., vehicle headlight) may both very widespread important influences. Fourth fifth, occurrence marine systems other settings, greater consideration. Sixth, seventh, eighth, growing evidence for low levels, skyglow, over long distances (because altitudes which it organisms), all increase areas occurring. Ninth tenth, exert indirect effects further expand areas, because has landscape ecology (modifying movement dispersal so hence beyond direct ALAN), interacts environment. Finally, not stable, but increasing rapidly shifting toward wavelengths often impacts.

Language: Английский

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Environmental risks from artificial nighttime lighting widespread and increasing across Europe

Science Advances, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 8(37)

Published: Sept. 14, 2022

The nighttime environment of much Earth is being changed rapidly by the introduction artificial lighting. While data on spatial and temporal variation in intensity lighting have been available at a regional global scale, its spectral composition only collected for few locations, preventing associated environmental human health risks from mapped. Here, we use imagery obtained using digital cameras astronauts International Space Station to map across Europe 2012–2013 2014–2020. These show regionally widespread shift, that principally with high-pressure sodium broad white light-emitting diodes greater blue emissions. Reexpressing color maps terms indicators pressures, find this trend widely increasing risk harmful effects ecosystems.

Language: Английский

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Daily activity timing in the Anthropocene

Trends in Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 38(4), P. 324 - 336

Published: Nov. 16, 2022

Language: Английский

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Effects of human disturbances on wildlife behaviour and consequences for predator-prey overlap in Southeast Asia

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: Feb. 19, 2024

Some animal species shift their activity towards increased nocturnality in disturbed habitats to avoid predominantly diurnal humans. This may alter diel overlap among species, a precondition most predation and competition interactions that structure food webs. Here, using camera trap data from 10 tropical forest landscapes, we find hyperdiverse Southeast Asian wildlife communities peak early mornings intact dawn dusk (increased crepuscularity). Our results indicate anthropogenic disturbances drive opposing behavioural adaptations based on rarity, size feeding guild, with more the 59 rarer specialists' diurnality for medium-sized generalists, less larger hunted species. Species turnover also played role underpinning community- guild-level responses, associated markedly detections of generalists predators. However, predator-prey or competitor guilds does not vary disturbance, suggesting net be conserved.

Language: Английский

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