Journal of Clinical Medicine,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
9(4), P. 1136 - 1136
Published: April 15, 2020
Accumulating
evidence
from
animal
and
human
studies
supports
the
notion
that
physical
exercise
can
enhance
neuroplasticity
thus
reduce
risk
of
several
neurodegenerative
diseases
(e.g.,
dementia).
However,
underlying
neurobiological
mechanisms
induced
are
still
largely
unknown.
One
potential
mediator
effects
is
neurotrophin
BDNF,
which
enhances
via
different
pathways
synaptogenesis,
neurogenesis,
long-term
potentiation).
Current
research
has
shown
(i)
increased
peripheral
lactate
levels
(following
high
intensity
exercise)
associated
with
BDNF
levels,
(ii)
infusion
at
rest
increase
central
(iii)
plays
a
very
complex
role
in
brain's
metabolism.
In
this
review,
we
summarize
relationship
neuroplasticity.
Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Cell Research,
Journal Year:
2016,
Volume and Issue:
1863(10), P. 2481 - 2497
Published: March 16, 2016
Monocarboxylate
transporters
(MCTs)
constitute
a
family
of
14
members
among
which
MCT1-4
facilitate
the
passive
transport
monocarboxylates
such
as
lactate,
pyruvate
and
ketone
bodies
together
with
protons
across
cell
membranes.
Their
anchorage
activity
at
plasma
membrane
requires
interaction
chaperon
protein
basigin/CD147
embigin/gp70.
are
expressed
in
different
tissues
where
they
play
important
roles
physiological
pathological
processes.
This
review
focuses
on
brain
cancer.
In
brain,
MCTs
control
delivery
produced
by
astrocytes,
to
neurons,
it
is
used
an
oxidative
fuel.
Consequently,
MCT
dysfunctions
associated
pathologies
central
nervous
system
encompassing
neurodegeneration
cognitive
defects,
epilepsy
metabolic
disorders.
tumors,
exchange
lactate
other
between
glycolytic
cancer
cells,
stromal
cells
endothelial
cells.
Lactate
not
only
waste
for
fuel
but
also
behaves
signaling
agent
that
promotes
angiogenesis
immunosuppressive
metabolite.
Because
gate
activities
drugs
targeting
these
have
been
developed
could
new
anticancer
treatments.
article
part
Special
Issue
entitled:
Mitochondrial
Channels
edited
Pierre
Sonveaux,
Maechler
Jean-Claude
Martinou.
Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism,
Journal Year:
2016,
Volume and Issue:
37(6), P. 2112 - 2124
Published: Aug. 2, 2016
Brain
lactate
concentration
is
higher
during
wakefulness
than
in
sleep.
However,
it
unknown
why
arousal
linked
to
an
increase
brain
and
declines
within
minutes
of
Here,
we
show
that
the
glymphatic
system
responsible
for
state-dependent
changes
concentration.
Suppression
function
via
acetazolamide
treatment,
cisterna
magna
puncture,
aquaporin
4
deletion,
or
body
position
reduced
decline
normally
observed
when
awake
mice
transition
into
sleep
anesthesia.
Concurrently,
same
manipulations
diminished
accumulation
cervical,
but
not
inguinal
lymph
nodes
were
anesthetized.
Thus,
our
study
suggests
excellent
biomarker
sleep-wake
cycle
increases
further
deprivation,
because
inversely
correlated
with
glymphatic-lymphatic
clearance.
This
analysis
provides
fundamental
new
insight
energy
metabolism
by
demonstrating
glucose
fully
oxidized
can
be
exported
as
fluid
transport.
Physiology,
Journal Year:
2017,
Volume and Issue:
32(6), P. 453 - 463
Published: Oct. 12, 2017
For
decades,
lactic
acid
has
been
considered
a
dead-end
product
of
glycolysis.
Research
in
the
last
20+
years
shown
otherwise.
Through
its
transporters
(MCTs)
and
receptor
(GPR81),
plays
key
role
multiple
cellular
processes,
including
energy
regulation,
immune
tolerance,
memory
formation,
wound
healing,
ischemic
tissue
injury,
cancer
growth
metastasis.
We
summarize
findings
signaling,
functions,
many
remaining
questions.
Frontiers in Neuroscience,
Journal Year:
2015,
Volume and Issue:
8
Published: Jan. 19, 2015
Glucocorticoids
released
from
the
adrenal
gland
in
response
to
stress-induced
activation
of
hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal
(HPA)
axis
induce
activity
cellular
reduction-oxidation
(redox)
system.
The
redox
system
is
a
ubiquitous
chemical
mechanism
allowing
transfer
electrons
between
donor/acceptors
and
target
molecules
during
oxidative
phosphorylation
while
simultaneously
maintaining
overall
environment
reduced
state.
objective
this
review
present
an
overview
current
literature
discussing
link
HPA
axis-derived
glucocorticoids
increased
stress,
particularly
focussing
on
changes
observed
hippocampus
following
glucocorticoid
exposure.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Journal Year:
2016,
Volume and Issue:
17(9), P. 1450 - 1450
Published: Sept. 1, 2016
More
than
two
hundred
years
after
its
discovery,
lactate
still
remains
an
intriguing
molecule.
Considered
for
a
long
time
as
waste
product
of
metabolism
and
the
culprit
behind
muscular
fatigue,
it
was
then
recognized
important
fuel
many
cells.
In
particular,
in
nervous
system,
has
been
proposed
that
lactate,
released
by
astrocytes
response
to
neuronal
activation,
is
taken
up
neurons,
oxidized
pyruvate
used
synthesizing
acetyl-CoA
be
tricarboxylic
acid
cycle.
recently,
addition
this
metabolic
role,
discovery
specific
receptor
prompted
reconsideration
now
seen
sort
hormone,
even
involved
processes
complex
memory
formation
neuroprotection.
As
matter
fact,
exercise
offers
benefits
our
organisms,
seems
delay
brain
aging
neurodegeneration.
Now,
induces
production
release
into
blood
which
can
reach
liver,
heart,
also
brain.
Can
beneficial
molecule
produced
during
exercise,
offer
neuroprotection?
review,
we
summarize
what
have
known
on
discussing
roles
attributed
over
time.
Glia,
Journal Year:
2017,
Volume and Issue:
66(6), P. 1244 - 1262
Published: Oct. 27, 2017
Memory,
the
ability
to
retain
learned
information,
is
necessary
for
survival.
Thus
far,
molecular
and
cellular
investigations
of
memory
formation
storage
have
mainly
focused
on
neuronal
mechanisms.
In
addition
neurons,
however,
brain
comprises
other
types
cells
systems,
including
glia
vasculature.
Accordingly,
recent
experimental
work
has
begun
ask
questions
about
roles
non-neuronal
in
formation.
These
studies
provide
evidence
that
all
glial
(astrocytes,
oligodendrocytes,
microglia)
make
important
contributions
processing
encoded
information
storing
memories.
this
review,
we
summarize
discuss
findings
critical
role
astrocytes
as
providers
energy
long-lasting
changes
are
long-term
We
focus
three
main
findings:
first,
glucose
metabolism
learning-
activity-dependent
metabolic
coupling
between
neurons
service
formation;
second,
astrocytic
arousal,
a
state
contributes
very
detailed
memories;
finally,
light
high
demands
during
early
development,
will
possible
metabolisms
early-life
conclude
by
proposing
future
directions
discussing
implications
these
health
disease.
Astrocyte
glycogenolysis
lactate
play
Emotionally
salient
experiences
form
strong
memories
recruiting
β2
adrenergic
receptors
astrocyte-generated
lactate.
Glycogenolysis
astrocyte-neuron
may
also
when
requirements
at
their
peak.
