International Journal of Cancer,
Journal Year:
2019,
Volume and Issue:
145(5), P. 1238 - 1244
Published: May 27, 2019
Previous
epidemiological
studies
evaluated
endogenous
sex
hormone
levels
and
colorectal
cancer
(CRC)
risk
have
yielded
inconsistent
results.
Also,
it
is
unknown
if
consumption
of
dietary
isoflavones
may
influence
the
hormones
CRC
relationships.
We
conducted
a
nested
case-control
study
within
JPHC
Study
Cohort
II
wherein
11,644
women
provided
blood
samples
at
5-year
follow-up
survey.
selected
two
matched
controls
for
each
case
from
cohort
(185
cases
361
controls).
Multivariable
conditional
logistic
regression
was
used
to
estimate
odds
ratios
(ORs),
95%
confidence
intervals
(CIs)
association
between
circulating
risk.
Comparing
extreme
tertiles,
testosterone
were
positively
associated
with
(OR
=
2.10,
CI
1.11-3.99,
p
trend
0.03).
Levels
estradiol,
SHBG,
progesterone
not
In
subgroup
analysis
by
isoflavone
intake,
SHBG
among
those
low
total
intake
(p
0.03),
statistically
nonsignificant
inverse
high
0.22;
interaction
0.002).
Endogenous
postmenopausal
women.
The
development
be
altered
level
intake.
Endocrine Reviews,
Journal Year:
2015,
Volume and Issue:
36(5), P. 526 - 563
Published: July 27, 2015
Steroid
sulfation
and
desulfation
are
fundamental
pathways
vital
for
a
functional
vertebrate
endocrine
system.
After
biosynthesis,
hydrophobic
steroids
sulfated
to
expedite
circulatory
transit.
Target
cells
express
transmembrane
organic
anion-transporting
polypeptides
that
facilitate
cellular
uptake
of
steroids.
Once
intracellular,
sulfatases
hydrolyze
these
steroid
sulfate
esters
their
unconjugated,
usually
active,
forms.
Because
most
can
be
sulfated,
including
cholesterol,
pregnenolone,
dehydroepiandrosterone,
estrone,
understanding
the
function,
tissue
distribution,
regulation
processes
provides
significant
insights
into
normal
function.
Not
surprisingly,
dysregulation
is
associated
with
numerous
pathologies,
steroid-dependent
cancers,
polycystic
ovary
syndrome,
X-linked
ichthyosis.
Here
we
provide
comprehensive
examination
our
current
knowledge
endocrine-related
pathways.
We
describe
interplay
between
sulfotransferases,
showing
how
expression
influences
action.
Furthermore,
address
role
play
in
regulating
intracellular
concentrations
patterns
influence
many
especially
cancer.
Finally,
recent
advances
pharmacologically
targeting
steroidogenic
will
examined.
AJP Endocrinology and Metabolism,
Journal Year:
2019,
Volume and Issue:
317(6), P. E1182 - E1192
Published: Nov. 5, 2019
Androgens
exert
important
effects
both
in
androgen-responsive
tissues
and
the
intestinal
tract.
To
determine
impact
of
gut
microbiota
(GM)
on
androgen
metabolism,
we
measured
unconjugated
(free)
glucuronidated
levels
contents
from
small
intestine,
with
a
low
bacterial
density,
cecum
colon,
high
density.
Using
specific,
sensitive
gas
chromatography-tandem
mass
spectrometry
method,
detected
testosterone
(T)
dihydrotestosterone
(DHT)
content
mice
sexes,
whereas
distal
intestine
observed
remarkably
free
DHT,
exceeding
serum
by
>20-fold.
Similarly,
young
adult
men
>70-fold
higher
than
serum,
were
feces.
In
contrast
to
normal
GM
composition,
germ-free
had
T
but
very
DHT
levels,
intestine.
These
findings
demonstrate
that
is
involved
metabolism
deglucuronidation
T,
resulting
extremely
most
potent
androgen,
colonic
healthy
men.
Frontiers in Oncology,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
10
Published: Dec. 9, 2020
A
higher
incidence
of
colorectal
cancer
(CRC)
is
found
in
males
compared
to
females.
Young
women
(18-44
years)
with
CRC
have
a
better
survival
outcome
men
the
same
age
or
older
(over
50
years),
indicating
global
sexual
dimorphism
rates
and
survival.
This
suggests
protective
role
for
sex
steroid
hormone
estrogen
development.
Key
proliferative
pathways
tumorigenesis
exhibit
dimorphism,
which
confer
females
through
regulated
genes
cell
signaling.
Estrogen
regulates
activity
class
Kv
channels
(KCNQ1:KCNE3),
control
fundamental
ion
transport
functions
colon
epithelial
mesenchymal
transition
bi-directional
interactions
Wnt/β-catenin
signalling
pathway.
also
modulates
responses
hypoxia
Cell Communication and Signaling,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
22(1)
Published: March 7, 2024
Abstract
Sexual
dimorphism
has
been
observed
in
the
incidence
and
prognosis
of
colorectal
cancer
(CRC),
with
men
generally
exhibiting
a
slightly
higher
than
women.
Research
suggests
that
this
difference
may
be
attributed
to
variations
sex
steroid
hormone
levels
gut
microbiome.
The
microbiome
CRC
shows
composition
function
between
sexes,
leading
concept
‘microgenderome’
‘sex
hormone–gut
axis.’
Conventional
research
indicates
estrogens,
by
promoting
more
favorable
microbiota,
reduce
risk
CRC.
Conversely,
androgens
have
direct
pro-tumorigenic
effect
increasing
proportion
opportunistic
pathogens.
microbiota
also
influence
expressing
specific
enzymes
or
directly
affecting
gonadal
function.
However,
area
remains
controversial.
This
review
aims
explore
differences
incidence,
phenomenon
sexual
within
microbiome,
intricate
interplay
axis
objective
is
gain
better
understanding
these
interactions
their
potential
clinical
implications,
as
well
introduce
innovative
approaches
treatment.
Graphical
Frontiers in Oncology,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
10
Published: Nov. 23, 2020
Despite
their
known
importance
in
clinical
medicine,
differences
based
on
sex
and
gender
are
among
the
least
studied
factors
affecting
cancer
susceptibility,
progression,
survival,
therapeutic
response.
In
particular,
molecular
mechanisms
driving
poorly
understood
so
most
approaches
to
precision
medicine
use
mutational
or
other
genomic
data
assign
therapy
without
considering
how
of
individual
might
influence
efficacy.
The
mandate
by
National
Institutes
Health
that
research
studies
include
as
a
biological
variable
has
begun
expand
our
understanding
its
importance.
Sex
may
arise
due
combination
environmental,
genetic,
epigenetic
factors,
well
gene
regulation,
expression.
Extensive
occur
genome-wide,
ultimately
biology
outcomes.
this
review,
we
summarize
current
state
knowledge
about
sex-specific
genetic
genome-wide
influences
cancer,
describe
response
environmental
exposures
alterations
alter
trajectory
disease,
provide
insights
into
integrative
analyses
interplay
genomics
cancer.
will
explore
some
emerging
analytical
approaches,
such
network
methods,
providing
deeper
drivers
gender.
Better
these
complex
interactions
improve
prevention,
treatment,
outcomes
for
all
individuals.
World Journal of Clinical Oncology,
Journal Year:
2015,
Volume and Issue:
6(5), P. 133 - 133
Published: Jan. 1, 2015
and
the
second
deadliest
type
of
cancer
for
both
men
women
in
United
States
claiming
over
50000
lives
2014.The
5-year
survival
rate
patients
diagnosed
with
metastatic
colon
rectal
is
<
15%.Early
detection
more
effective
treatments
are
urgently
needed
to
reduce
morbidity
mortality
afflicted
this
disease.Here
we
will
review
risk
factors
current
treatment
paradigms
colorectal
cancer,
an
emphasis
on
role
chemoprevention
as
they
relate
epidermal
growth
factor
receptor
(EGFR)
blockade.We
discuss
how
various
EGFR
ligands
upregulated
presence
Western
diets
high
saturated
N-6
polyunsaturated
fats.We
also
outline
mechanisms
inhibition
that
induced
by
naturally
occurring
chemopreventative
agents
such
ginseng,
green
tea,
curcumin.Finally,
targeted
chemotherapy
limitations
our
options,
describing
resistance
escape.
