Coral reefs in the Anthropocene

Nature, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 546(7656), P. 82 - 90

Published: May 30, 2017

Language: Английский

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Contrasting futures for ocean and society from different anthropogenic CO ₂ emissions scenarios

Science, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 349(6243)

Published: July 3, 2015

Carbon emissions and their ocean impacts Anthropogenic CO 2 directly affect atmospheric chemistry but also have a strong influence on the oceans. Gattuso et al. review how physics, chemistry, ecology of oceans might be affected based two emission trajectories: one business as usual with aggressive reductions. Ocean warming, acidification, sea-level rise, expansion oxygen minimum zones will continue to distinct marine communities ecosystems. The path that humanity takes regarding largely determine severity these phenomena. Science , this issue 10.1126/science.aac4722

Language: Английский

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The broad footprint of climate change from genes to biomes to people

Science, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 354(6313)

Published: Nov. 11, 2016

Accumulating impacts Anthropogenic climate change is now in full swing, our global average temperature already having increased by 1°C from preindustrial levels. Many studies have documented individual of the changing that are particular to species or regions, but accumulating and being amplified more broadly. Scheffers et al. review set been observed across genes, species, ecosystems reveal a world undergoing substantial change. Understanding causes, consequences, potential mitigation these changes will be essential as we move forward into warming world. Science , this issue p. 10.1126/science.aaf7671

Language: Английский

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Rebuilding marine life

Nature, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 580(7801), P. 39 - 51

Published: April 1, 2020

Language: Английский

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The future of hyperdiverse tropical ecosystems

Nature, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 559(7715), P. 517 - 526

Published: July 1, 2018

Language: Английский

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Beneficial Microorganisms for Corals (BMC): Proposed Mechanisms for Coral Health and Resilience

Frontiers in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 8

Published: March 7, 2017

The symbiotic association between the coral animal and its endosymbiotic dinoflagellate partner Symbiodinium is central to success of corals. However, an array other microorganisms associated with (i.e., Bacteria, Archaea, Fungi viruses) have a complex intricate role in maintaining homeostasis corals Symbiodinium. Corals are sensitive shifts surrounding environmental conditions. One most widely reported responses stressful conditions bleaching. During this event, expel cells from their gastrodermal tissues upon experiencing extended seawater temperatures above thermal threshold. An stressors can also destabilize microbiome, resulting compromised health host, which may include disease mortality worst scenario. exact mechanisms by microbiome supports increases resilience poorly understood. Earlier studies microbiology proposed probiotic hypothesis, wherein dynamic relationship exists microorganisms, selecting for holobiont that best suited prevailing Here, we discuss microbial-host relationships within holobiont, along potential roles health. We propose term BMC (Beneficial Microorganisms Corals) define (specific) symbionts promote This concept analogous Plant Growth Promoting Rhizosphere (PGPR), has been explored manipulated agricultural industry inhabit rhizosphere directly or indirectly plant growth development through production regulatory signals, antibiotics nutrients. Additionally, effects on corals, suggesting strategies use knowledge manipulate reversing dysbiosis restore protect reefs. developing using consortia as "probiotics" improve resistance after bleaching events and/or such human-assisted acclimation/adaption shifting

Language: Английский

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Genetic Management of Fragmented Animal and Plant Populations

Oxford University Press eBooks, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: July 13, 2017

Abstract The biological diversity of the planet is being rapidly depleted due to direct and indirect consequences human activity. As size animal plant populations decrease fragmentation increases, loss genetic reduces their ability adapt changes in environment, with inbreeding reduced fitness inevitable for many species. Many small isolated are going extinct unnecessarily. In cases, such can be genetically rescued by gene flow into them from another population within species, but this very rarely done. This novel authoritative book addresses issues involved management fragmented populations, including depression, elevated extinction risk augmentation flow, rescue, causes outbreeding depression predicting its occurrence, desirability implementation translocations cope climate change, defining diagnosing species conservation purposes.

Language: Английский

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Shifting paradigms in restoration of the world's coral reefs

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 23(9), P. 3437 - 3448

Published: March 1, 2017

Abstract Many ecosystems around the world are rapidly deteriorating due to both local and global pressures, perhaps none so precipitously as coral reefs. Management of reefs through maintenance (e.g., marine‐protected areas, catchment management improve water quality), restoration, well national governmental agreements reduce greenhouse gas emissions 2015 Paris Agreement) is critical for persistence Despite these initiatives, health abundance corals declining other solutions will soon be required. We have recently discussed options using assisted evolution (i.e., selective breeding, gene flow, conditioning or epigenetic programming, manipulation microbiome) a means enhance environmental stress tolerance success reef restoration efforts. The 2014–2016 bleaching event has sharpened focus on such interventionist approaches. highlight necessity consideration alternative hybrid) ecosystem states, discuss traits resilient ecosystems, propose decision tree incorporating into initiatives climate resilience

Language: Английский

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The inflated significance of neutral genetic diversity in conservation genetics

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 118(10)

Published: Feb. 19, 2021

The current rate of species extinction is rapidly approaching unprecedented highs and life on Earth presently faces a sixth mass event driven by anthropogenic activity, climate change ecological collapse. field conservation genetics aims at preserving using their levels genetic diversity, usually measured as neutral genome-wide barometer for evaluating population health risk. A fundamental assumption that higher diversity lead to an increase in fitness long-term survival species. Here, we argue against the perceived importance wild populations We demonstrate no simple general relationship exists between risk extinction. Instead, better understanding properties functional demographic history, relationships, necessary developing implementing effective strategies.

Language: Английский

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Ocean Solutions to Address Climate Change and Its Effects on Marine Ecosystems

Frontiers in Marine Science, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 5

Published: Oct. 4, 2018

The Paris agreement target of limiting global surface warming to 1.5-2°C compared pre-industrial levels by 2100 will heavily impact the ocean. While ambitious mitigation and adaptation are both needed, ocean provides major opportunities for action reduce climate change globally its impacts on vital ecosystems ecosystem services. A comprehensive systematic assessment 13 global- local-scale, ocean-based measures was performed help steer development implementation technologies actions towards a sustainable outcome. We show that (1) all have tradeoffs multiple criteria must be used their potential, (2) greatest benefit is derived combining local solutions, some which could implemented or scaled-up immediately, (3) too uncertain recommended yet, (4) political consistency achieved through effective cross-scale governance mechanisms, (5) scientific effort focus effectiveness, co-benefits, disbenefits, costs poorly tested as well new emerging measures.

Language: Английский

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