The crucial role of genome-wide genetic variation in conservation

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 118(48)

Published: Nov. 12, 2021

The unprecedented rate of extinction calls for efficient use genetics to help conserve biodiversity. Several recent genomic and simulation-based studies have argued that the field conservation biology has placed too much focus on conserving genome-wide genetic variation, should instead managing subset functional variation is thought affect fitness. Here, we critically evaluate feasibility likely benefits this approach in conservation. We find population theory empirical results show generally best prevent inbreeding depression loss adaptive potential from driving populations toward extinction. Focusing efforts presumably will only be feasible occasionally, often misleading, counterproductive when prioritized over variation. Given increasing habitat other environmental changes, failure recognize detrimental effects lost long-term viability worsen biodiversity crisis.

Language: Английский

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Crop genetic erosion: understanding and responding to loss of crop diversity

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 233(1), P. 84 - 118

Published: Sept. 13, 2021

Summary Crop diversity underpins the productivity, resilience and adaptive capacity of agriculture. Loss this diversity, termed crop genetic erosion, is therefore concerning. While alarms regarding evident declines in have been raised for over a century, magnitude, trajectory, drivers significance these losses remain insufficiently understood. We outline various definitions, measurements, scales sources information on erosion. then provide synthesis evidence changes traditional landraces farms, modern cultivars agriculture, wild relatives their natural habitats resources held conservation repositories. This indicates that marked losses, but also maintenance increases occurred all contexts, extent depending species, taxonomic geographic scale, region, as well analytical approach. discuss steps needed to further advance knowledge around agricultural societal significance, implications, Finally, we propose actions mitigate, stem reverse diversity.

Language: Английский

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Genetic Diversity, Conservation, and Utilization of Plant Genetic Resources

Genes, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(1), P. 174 - 174

Published: Jan. 9, 2023

Plant genetic resources (PGRs) are the total hereditary material, which includes all alleles of various genes, present in a crop species and its wild relatives. They major resource that humans depend on to increase farming resilience profit. Hence, demand for will as world population increases. There is need conserve maintain diversity these valuable sustainable food security. Due environmental changes erosion, some have already become extinct. The landraces, relatives, species, stock, advanced breeding modern varieties important plant resources. These diverse contributed maintaining biodiversity. New with desirable traits been developed using Novel genes/alleles linked trait interest transferred into commercially cultivated biotechnological tools. Diversity should be maintained development new varieties. Additionally, advances tools, such next-generation sequencing, molecular markers, vitro culture technology, cryopreservation, gene banks, help precise characterization conservation rare endangered species. Genomic tools identification quantitative loci (QTLs) novel genes plants can through marker-assisted selection backcrossing approaches. This article focuses recent resources, their conservation, utilization secure global

Language: Английский

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The long‐standing significance of genetic diversity in conservation

Molecular Ecology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 30(17), P. 4147 - 4154

Published: July 1, 2021

Abstract Since allozymes were first used to assess genetic diversity in the 1960s and 1970s, biologists have attempted characterize gene pools conserve observed domestic crops, livestock, zoos (more recently) natural populations. Recently, some authors claimed that importance of conservation biology has been greatly overstated. Here, we argue a voluminous literature indicates otherwise. We address four main points made by detractors diversity's role using published firmly establish is intimately tied evolutionary fitness, associated demographic consequences are paramount many efforts. think responsible management Anthropocene should, whenever possible, include ecosystems, communities, populations individuals, their underlying diversity.

Language: Английский

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Strongly deleterious mutations are a primary determinant of extinction risk due to inbreeding depression

Evolution Letters, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 5(1), P. 33 - 47

Published: Dec. 18, 2020

Abstract Human-driven habitat fragmentation and loss have led to a proliferation of small isolated plant animal populations with high risk extinction. One the main threats extinction in these is inbreeding depression, which primarily caused by recessive deleterious mutations becoming homozygous due inbreeding. The typical approach for managing maintain genetic diversity, increasingly translocating individuals from large initiate “genetic rescue.” However, limitations this recently been highlighted demise gray wolf population on Isle Royale, declined brink soon after arrival migrant mainland population. Here, we use novel simulation framework investigate role variation, demographic history mediating depression populations. We show that, under realistic models dominance, harbor levels strongly variation being hidden selection heterozygous state. As result, when contract, they experience substantially elevated are exposed Moreover, demonstrate although rescue broadly effective as means reduce risk, its effectiveness can be greatly increased drawing migrants or moderate-sized source rather than smaller harboring lower variation. Our findings challenge traditional conservation paradigm that focuses maximizing diversity favor view emphasizes minimizing These insights important implications fragmented landscape Anthropocene.

Language: Английский

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Genetic load: genomic estimates and applications in non-model animals

Nature Reviews Genetics, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 23(8), P. 492 - 503

Published: Feb. 8, 2022

Language: Английский

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Conservation genetics as a management tool: The five best-supported paradigms to assist the management of threatened species

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 119(1)

Published: Dec. 20, 2021

About 50 y ago, Crow and Kimura [ An Introduction to Population Genetics Theory (1970)] Ohta Genet. Res. 22, 201–204 (1973)] laid the foundations of conservation genetics by predicting relationship between population size genetic marker diversity. This work sparked an enormous research effort investigating importance dynamics, in particular small size, for mean performance, viability, evolutionary potential. In light a recent perspective [J. C. Teixeira, D. Huber, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 118, 10 (2021)] that challenges some fundamental assumptions genetics, it is timely summarize what field has achieved, robust patterns have emerged, worthwhile future directions. We consider theory methodological breakthroughs helped management, we outline applied genetics.

Language: Английский

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Conservation and the Genomics of Populations

Oxford University Press eBooks, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 10, 2022

Abstract Loss of biodiversity is among the greatest problems facing world today. Conservation and Genomics Populations gives a comprehensive overview essential background, concepts, tools needed to understand how genetic information can be used conserve species threatened with extinction, manage ecological or commercial importance. New molecular techniques, statistical methods, computer programs, principles, methods are becoming increasingly useful in conservation biological diversity. Using balance data theory, coupled basic applied research examples, this book examines phenotypic variation natural populations, principles mechanisms evolutionary change, interpretation from these conservation. The includes examples plants, animals, microbes wild captive populations. This third edition has been thoroughly revised include advances genomics contains new chapters on population genomics, monitoring, genetics practice, as well sections climate emerging diseases, metagenomics, more. More than one-third references were published after previous edition. Each 24 Appendix end Guest Box written by an expert who provides example presented chapter their own work. for advanced undergraduate graduate students genetics, resource management, biology, professional biologists policy-makers working wildlife habitat management agencies. Much will also interest nonprofessionals curious about role

Language: Английский

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A global catalog of whole-genome diversity from 233 primate species

Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 380(6648), P. 906 - 913

Published: June 1, 2023

The rich diversity of morphology and behavior displayed across primate species provides an informative context in which to study the impact genomic on fundamental biological processes. Analysis that insight into long-standing questions evolutionary conservation biology is urgent given severe threats these are facing. Here, we present high-coverage whole-genome data from 233 representing 86% genera all 16 families. This dataset was used, together with fossil calibration, create a nuclear DNA phylogeny reassess divergence times among clades. We found within-species genetic families geographic regions be associated climate sociality, but not extinction risk. Furthermore, mutation rates differ species, potentially influenced by effective population sizes. Lastly, identified extensive recurrence missense mutations previously thought human specific. will open wide range research avenues for future research.

Language: Английский

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Landscape Genomics to Enable Conservation Actions: The California Conservation Genomics Project

Journal of Heredity, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 113(6), P. 577 - 588

Published: April 8, 2022

Abstract The California Conservation Genomics Project (CCGP) is a unique, critically important step forward in the use of comprehensive landscape genetic data to modernize natural resource management at regional scale. We describe CCGP, including all aspects project administration, collection, current progress, and future challenges. CCGP will generate, analyze, curate single high-quality reference genome 100–150 resequenced genomes for each 153 species projects (representing 235 individual species) that span ecological phylogenetic breadth California’s marine, freshwater, terrestrial ecosystems. resulting portfolio roughly 20 000 be analyzed with identical informatic genomic pipelines, providing overview hotspots within-species diversity, potential realized corridors connecting these hotspots, regions reduced diversity requiring rescue, distribution variation critical rapid climate adaptation. After 2 years concerted effort, full funding ($12M USD) has been secured, identified, funds distributed 68 laboratories 114 investigators drawn from 10 University campuses. remaining phases include completion collection analyses, delivery inferences state federal regulatory agencies help stabilize declines. aspirational goals are identify geographic long-term preservation biodiversity, prioritize those based on defensible criteria, provide foundational knowledge informs strategies both ecosystem levels.

Language: Английский

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