The Genus Alistipes: Gut Bacteria With Emerging Implications to Inflammation, Cancer, and Mental Health

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: June 9, 2020

Alistipes is a relatively new genus of bacteria isolated primarily from medical clinical samples, although at low rate compared to other members the Bacteroidetes phylum, which are highly relevant in dysbiosis and disease. According taxonomy database The National Center for Biotechnology Information, consists thirteen species: A. finegoldii, putredinis, onderdonkii, shahii, indistinctus, senegalensis, timonensis, obesi, ihumii, inops, megaguti, provencensis, massiliensis. Although typically human gut microbiome various species this have been patients suffering appendicitis, abdominal rectal abscess. It possible that as spp. emerge, their identification samples may be underrepresented novel MS-TOF methods not fully capable discriminate distinct separate since it will require upgrading databases. In terms pathogenicity, there contrasting evidence indicating protective effects against some diseases, including liver fibrosis, colitis, cancer immunotherapy, cardiovascular contrast, studies indicate pathogenic colorectal associated with mental signs depression. Gut seems play role determining compositional abundance feces (e.g., nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, hepatic encephalopathy, fibrosis). Since recent sub-branch commonly chronic intestinal inflammation, narrative review illustrates emerging immunological mechanistic implications by correlate health.

Language: Английский

---

The gut–liver axis and the intersection with the microbiome

Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 15(7), P. 397 - 411

Published: May 10, 2018

Language: Английский

---

The microbiome in cancer immunotherapy: Diagnostic tools and therapeutic strategies

Science, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 359(6382), P. 1366 - 1370

Published: March 22, 2018

The fine line between human health and disease can be driven by the interplay host microbial factors. This “metagenome” regulates cancer initiation, progression, response to therapies. Besides capacity of distinct species modulate pharmacodynamics chemotherapeutic drugs, symbiosis epithelial barriers their ecosystems has a major impact on local distant immune system, markedly influencing clinical outcome in patients. Efficacy immunotherapy with checkpoint antibodies diminished administration antibiotics, superior efficacy is observed presence specific gut microbes. Future strategies precision medicine will likely rely novel diagnostic therapeutic tools which identify correct defects microbiome that compromise efficacy.

Language: Английский

---

Beneficial Effects of Probiotic Consumption on the Immune System

Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 74(2), P. 115 - 124

Published: Jan. 1, 2019

<b><i>Background:</i></b> The gastrointestinal tract is one of the most microbiologically active ecosystems that plays a crucial role in working mucosal immune system (MIS). In this ecosystem, consumed probiotics stimulate and induce network signals mediated by whole bacteria or their cell wall structure. This review aimed at describing immunological mechanisms beneficial effects on host. <b><i>Summary:</i></b> Once administered, oral probiotic interact with intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) associated lamina propria, through Toll-like receptors, production different cytokines chemokines. Macrophage chemoattractant protein 1, produced IECs, sends to other leading activation MIS, characterized an increase immunoglobulin A⁺ intestine, bronchus mammary glands, T cells. Specifically, activate regulatory release IL-10. Interestingly, reinforce barrier mucins, tight junction proteins Goblet Paneth Another proposed mechanism modulation microbiota maintaining balance suppressing growth potential pathogenic gut. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated long-term consumption does not affect homeostasis. viability interaction IECs macrophages favoring, mainly, innate response. Macrophages Dendritic (DCs) play important response without inducing inflammatory pattern, just slight cellularity propria. Besides, as part machinery protect against pathogens, microbicidal activity peritoneal spleen reported. malnutrition models, such undernourishment obesity, was able systemic contribute recover histology both intestine thymus damaged these conditions. Probiotic are emerging safe natural strategy for allergy prevention treatment. Different generation from activated pro-T-helper type which favor IgG instead IgE, have proposed. <b><i>Key Messages:</i></b> bacteria, walls fermented milk significant functionality systems multiple mechanisms.

Language: Английский

---

Gut microbiome analysis as a tool towards targeted non-invasive biomarkers for early hepatocellular carcinoma

Gut, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 68(6), P. 1014 - 1023

Published: July 25, 2018

Objective To characterise gut microbiome in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and evaluate the potential of as non-invasive biomarkers for HCC. Design We collected 486 faecal samples from East China, Central China Northwest prospectively finally 419 completed Miseq sequencing. characterised microbiome, identified microbial markers constructed HCC classifier 75 early HCC, 40 cirrhosis healthy controls. validated results 56 controls, 30 45 advanced further verified diagnosis 18 Xinjiang 80 Zhengzhou. Results Faecal diversity was increased to cirrhosis. Phylum Actinobacteria versus Correspondingly, 13 genera including Gemmiger Parabacteroides were enriched Butyrate-producing decreased, while producing-lipopolysaccharide The optimal through a fivefold cross-validation on random forest model achieved an area under curve 80.64% between 105 non-HCC samples. Notably, strong even Importantly, successfully cross-region validation China. Conclusions This study is first report successful establishment Gut microbiota-targeted represent tools

Language: Английский

---

Tumor-resident intracellular microbiota promotes metastatic colonization in breast cancer

Cell, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 185(8), P. 1356 - 1372.e26

Published: April 1, 2022

Language: Английский

---

Hepatocellular Carcinoma Is Associated With Gut Microbiota Profile and Inflammation in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Hepatology, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 69(1), P. 107 - 120

Published: April 17, 2018

The gut-liver axis plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which is third leading cause hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) worldwide. However, link between gut microbiota and hepatocarcinogenesis remains to be clarified. aim this study was explore what features are associated with HCC patients cirrhosis NAFLD. A consecutive series NAFLD-related (group 1, 21 patients), without 2, 20 healthy controls 3, patients) studied for profile, intestinal permeability, inflammatory status, circulating mononuclear cells. We finally constructed model depicting most relevant correlations among these features, possibly involved hepatocarcinogenesis. Patients showed increased levels fecal calprotectin, while permeability similar but HCC. Plasma interleukin 8 (IL8), IL13, chemokine (C-C motif) ligand (CCL) CCL4, CCL5 were higher group an activated status monocytes. whole abundance Enterobacteriaceae Streptococcus reduction Akkermansia. Bacteroides Ruminococcaceae group, Bifidobacterium reduced. Akkermansia inversely correlated calprotectin concentration, turn humoral cellular markers. behavior also observed Bacteroides. Conclusion: Our results suggest that NAFLD profile systemic inflammation significantly can concur process

Language: Английский

---

The gut microbiome and liver cancer: mechanisms and clinical translation

Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 14(9), P. 527 - 539

Published: July 5, 2017

Language: Английский

---

Chemical and Pharmacological Aspects of Caffeic Acid and Its Activity in Hepatocarcinoma

Frontiers in Oncology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 9

Published: June 21, 2019

Caffeic acid (CA) is a phenolic compound synthesized by all plant species and present in foods such as coffee, wine, tea popular medicines propolis. This its derivatives have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory anticarcinogenic activity. In vitro vivo studies demonstrated the activity of this against an important type cancer, hepatocarcinoma (HCC), considered to be high incidence, highly aggressive causing considerable mortality across world. The anticancer properties CA are associated with antioxidant pro-oxidant capacity, attributed chemical structure that has free hydroxyls, number position OH catechol group double bond carbonic chain. Pharmacokinetic indicate hydrolyzed microflora colonies metabolized mainly intestinal mucosa through phase II enzymes, submitted conjugation methylation processes, forming sulphated, glucuronic / or methylated conjugates action sulfotransferases, UDP-glucotransferases, o-methyltransferases, respectively. transmembrane flux cells occurs active transport mediated monocarboxylic carriers. can act preventing production ROS (reactive oxygen species), inducing DNA oxidation cancer cells, well reducing tumor cell angiogenesis, blocking STATS (transcription factor signal translation 3) suppression MMP2 MMP-9 (collagen IV metalloproteases). Thus, review provides overview pharmacological parameters derivatives, demonstrating mechanism pharmacokinetic aspects, critical analysis fight hepatocarcinoma.

Language: Английский

---

Anticancer effects of the microbiome and its products

Nature Reviews Microbiology, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 15(8), P. 465 - 478

Published: May 22, 2017

Language: Английский

---