Clinical update on head and neck cancer: molecular biology and ongoing challenges

Cell Death and Disease, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 10(8)

Published: July 15, 2019

Abstract Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) are an aggressive, genetically complex difficult to treat group of cancers. In lieu truly effective targeted therapies, surgery radiotherapy represent the primary treatment options for most patients. But these treatments associated with significant morbidity a reduction in quality life. Resistance both only available therapy, subsequent relapse common. Research has therefore focussed on identifying biomarkers stratify patients into clinically meaningful groups develop more therapies. However, as we now discovering, poor response therapy aggressive nature HNSCCs is not affected by alterations intracellular signalling pathways but also heavily influenced behaviour extracellular microenvironment. The HNSCC tumour landscape environment permissive tumours’ nature, fostered actions immune system, hypoxia influence microbiome. Solving challenges rests expanding our knowledge areas, parallel greater understanding molecular biology subtypes. This update aims build earlier 2014 review bringing up date provide insights areas ongoing research perspectives future.

Language: Английский

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Mycotoxin: Its Impact on Gut Health and Microbiota

Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 8

Published: Feb. 26, 2018

The secondary metabolites produced by fungi known as mycotoxins, are capable of causing mycotoxicosis (diseases and death) in human animals. Contamination feedstuffs well food commodities occurs frequently a natural manner is accompanied the presence mycotoxins. occurrence mycotoxins' contamination further stimulated on-going global warming reflected some findings. This review comprehensively discussed role mycotoxins (trichothecenes, zearalenone, fumonisins, ochratoxins, aflatoxins) toward gut health microbiota. Certainly, cause perturbation gut, particularly intestinal epithelial. Recent insights have generated an entirely new perspective where there bi-directional relationship exists between microbiota, thus suggesting that our microbiota might be involved development mycotoxicosis. bacteria-xenobiotic interplay for host highlighted this article. It now established healthy largely responsible overall host. Findings revealed eliminating mycotoxin from naturally, provided with balance Moreover, been demonstrated modulation composition, such alteration can observed up to species level studies. Most, if not all, reported effects negative terms health, beneficial bacteria eliminated increase pathogen. interactions significant mycotoxicosis, hepatocellular carcinoma. Such knowledge potentially drives novel innovative strategies prevention therapy

Language: Английский

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Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Basic Pathogenetic Mechanisms in the Progression From NAFLD to NASH

Transplantation, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 103(1), P. e1 - e13

Published: Oct. 9, 2018

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) represents a growing cause of chronic injury, especially in western countries, where it is becoming the most frequent indication for transplantation. encompasses spectrum diseases that from simple steatosis (pure NAFLD) can progress to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The pathogenesis NAFLD mechanisms behind its progression NASH have been extensively studied. However, although processes determine fat accumulation are mostly clear, associated with not fully characterized. In predisposed patients, lipid promote lipotoxicity mitochondrial dysfunction, thus triggering hepatocyte death, inflammation fibrosis. specific role different lipids has identified free acids as well cholesterol toxic species. To make picture more complex, involves pathological connections between several organs, including adipose tissue gut, liver. "inflamed" plays key release lipids, whereas alterations gut-liver axis mediated by dysbiosis, alteration intestinal barrier, finally bacterial translocation, which trigger proinflammatory profibrogenetic pathways, leading development.

Language: Английский

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Human Gut Microbiota and Gastrointestinal Cancer

Genomics Proteomics & Bioinformatics, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 16(1), P. 33 - 49

Published: Feb. 1, 2018

Abstract Human gut microbiota play an essential role in both healthy and diseased states of humans. In the past decade, interactions between microorganisms tumors have attracted much attention efforts to understand various features complex microbial communities, as well possible mechanisms through which are involved cancer prevention, carcinogenesis, anti-cancer therapy. A large number studies indicated that dysbiosis contributes susceptibility via multiple pathways. Further suggested their associated metabolites not only closely related carcinogenesis by inducing inflammation immune dysregulation, lead genetic instability, but also interfere with pharmacodynamics anticancer agents. this article, we mainly reviewed influence on cancers gastrointestinal (GI) tract (including esophageal, gastric, colorectal, liver, pancreatic cancers) regulation diet, prebiotics, probiotics, synbiotics, antibiotics, or Traditional Chinese Medicine. We proposed some new strategies prevention treatment GI could be explored future. hope review provide a comprehensive overview cancers, likely yield translational opportunities reduce morbidity mortality improving diagnosis, treatment.

Language: Английский

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Total fecal microbiota transplantation alleviates high-fat diet-induced steatohepatitis in mice via beneficial regulation of gut microbiota

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 7(1)

Published: May 2, 2017

Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is an epidemic metabolic disease with limited therapeutic strategies. Cumulative data support the pivotal role of gut microbiota in NASH. Here, we investigated hypothesis regarding whether fecal transplantation (FMT) effective attenuating high-fat diet (HFD)-induced mice. Mice were randomized into control, HFD and + FMT groups. After 8-week HFD, treatment was initiated carried out for 8 weeks. The structure, butyrate concentrations cecal content, liver pathology intrahepatic lipid cytokines examined. Our results showed that after FMT, disturbance corrected HFD-fed mice elevated abundances beneficial bacteria Christensenellaceae Lactobacillus. also increased content intestinal tight junction protein ZO-1, resulting relief endotoxima Steatohepatitis alleviated as indicated by a significant decrease accumulation (reduced Oli-red staining, decreased triglyceride cholesterol), pro-inflammatory cytokines, NAS score. Accordingly, IFN-γ IL-17 decreased, but Foxp3, IL-4 IL-22 intervention. These indicate attenuated HFD-induced via effect on microbiota.

Language: Английский

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Physico-chemistry from initial bacterial adhesion to surface-programmed biofilm growth

Advances in Colloid and Interface Science, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 261, P. 1 - 14

Published: Oct. 24, 2018

Biofilm formation is initiated by adhesion of individual bacteria to a surface. However, surface alone not sufficient form the complex community architecture biofilm. Surface-sensing creates bacterial awareness their adhering state on and essential initiate phenotypic genotypic changes that characterize transition from initial Physico-chemistry has been frequently applied explain phenomena, including mass transport, role substratum properties in reversible irreversible adhesion. also emergent biofilm properties, such as production extracellular-polymeric-substances (EPS), can be surface-programmed. This review presents four-step, comprehensive description physico-chemistry surface-programmed growth: (1) transport towards surface, (2) (3) (4) cell wall deformation associated properties. Bacterial mostly occurs sedimentation or convective-diffusion, while described thermodynamic Derjaguin−Landau−Verwey−Overbeek (DLVO)-analyses, considering smooth, inert colloidal particles. DLVO-analyses however, require precise indication which impossible due presence tethers, creating multi-scale roughness impedes proper definition interaction distance DLVO-analyses. Application thermodynamics difficult, because only an equilibrium phenomenon for short period time, when are attached through few tethers. Physico-chemical bond-strengthening several minutes leading progressive removal interfacial water, conformational proteins, re-orientation involvement more tethers After bond-strengthening, forces arising cause nanoscopic against elasticity rigid peptidoglycan layer positioned intracellular pressure cytoplasm. Cell increases contact area with presenting another physico-chemical mechanism, but accompanied membrane tension changes. Membrane-located sensor molecules subsequently react control biofilms, most notably adhesion-associated ones like EPS production. Moreover, efflux pump systems may activated mechano-sensitive channels opened upon adhesion-induced deformation. The thus response initially excretion autoinducer extend other inhabitants who respond similar Herewith, involved surfaces what we here propose call "surface-programmed" growth. conclusion pivotal development new strategies surfaces, have hitherto largely confined phenomena.

Language: Английский

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Probiotics Regulate Gut Microbiota: An Effective Method to Improve Immunity

Molecules, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 26(19), P. 6076 - 6076

Published: Oct. 8, 2021

Probiotics are beneficial active microorganisms that colonize the human intestines and change composition of flora in particular parts host. Recently, use probiotics to regulate intestinal improve host immunity has received widespread attention. Recent evidence shown play significant roles gut microbiota composition, which can inhibit colonization pathogenic bacteria intestine, help build a healthy mucosa protective layer, enhance immune system. Based on close relationship between immunity, it become an extremely effective way by regulating microbiome with probiotics. In this review, we discussed influence probiotics, microbiota, life quality. We further emphasized regulation microflora through thereby enhancing improving people’s lives.

Language: Английский

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Intestinal Lactobacillus in health and disease, a driver or just along for the ride?

Current Opinion in Biotechnology, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 49, P. 140 - 147

Published: Sept. 1, 2017

Language: Английский

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Gut Microbiome Fermentation Determines the Efficacy of Exercise for Diabetes Prevention

Cell Metabolism, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 31(1), P. 77 - 91.e5

Published: Nov. 27, 2019

Language: Английский

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High frequency of intestinal T _H 17 cells correlates with microbiota alterations and disease activity in multiple sclerosis

Science Advances, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 3(7)

Published: July 7, 2017

T helper 17 (TH17) cells are key players in multiple sclerosis (MS), and studies animal models demonstrated that effector TH17 trigger brain autoimmunity originate the intestine. We validate humans crucial role of intestinal environment promoting cell expansion MS patients. found increased frequency correlates with high disease activity specific alterations gut mucosa-associated microbiota By using 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing, we analyzed isolated from small tissues patients showed a higher Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio, relative abundance Streptococcus, decreased Prevotella strains compared to healthy controls no activity. is inversely related human Our data demonstrate associated modifications excessive

Language: Английский

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