The Biology of Lakes and Ponds

Oxford University Press eBooks, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Oct. 19, 2017

Abstract The Biology of Lakes and Ponds focuses on the interactions between abiotic frame, such as turbulence, temperature, pH nutrients, organisms, including with among organisms at individual, population community level. book fills this niche traditional limnology evolutionary ecology by focusing physiological, morphological behavioural adaptations to biotic factors how processes constraints determine structure dynamics lake pond systems. In addition, describes analyses causes consequences human activities freshwater ecosystems covers longstanding environmental threats, eutrophication acidification, well novel biodiversity loss, use everyday chemicals global climate change. However, also signs improvement possibilities restore degraded are discussed provide hope for future generations.

Language: Английский

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Salting our freshwater lakes

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 114(17), P. 4453 - 4458

Published: April 10, 2017

Significance In lakes, chloride is a relatively benign ion at low concentrations but begins to have ecological impacts as rise into the 100s and 1,000s of mg L −1 . this study, we investigate long-term trends in 371 freshwater lakes North America. We find that Midwest Northeast America, most urban rural are surrounded by >1% impervious land cover show increasing trends. Expanding on finding, thousands these regions risk salinization. Keeping “fresh” critically important for protecting ecosystem services provide, such drinking water, fisheries, recreation, irrigation, aquatic habitat.

Language: Английский

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Global economic costs of aquatic invasive alien species

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 775, P. 145238 - 145238

Published: Jan. 20, 2021

Much research effort has been invested in understanding ecological impacts of invasive alien species (IAS) across ecosystems and taxonomic groups, but empirical studies about economic effects lack synthesis. Using a comprehensive global database, we determine patterns trends costs aquatic IAS by examining: (i) the distribution these taxa, geographic regions cost types; (ii) temporal dynamics costs; (iii) knowledge gaps, especially compared to terrestrial IAS. Based on recorded from existing literature, conservatively summed US$345 billion, with majority attributed invertebrates (62%), followed vertebrates (28%), then plants (6%). The largest were reported North America (48%) Asia (13%), principally result resource damages (74%); only 6% management. magnitude number highest United States for semi-aquatic taxa. Many countries known had no costs, Africa Asia. Accordingly, network analysis revealed limited connectivity among countries, indicating disparate reporting. Aquatic have increased recent decades several orders magnitude, reaching at least US$23 billion 2020. Costs are likely considerably underrepresented IAS; 5% species, despite 26% invaders being aquatic. Additionally, 1% invasion marine species. thus substantial, underreported. over time expected continue rising future invasions. We urge improved reporting managers, practitioners researchers reduce gaps. Few proactive investments; management spending is urgently needed prevent limit current damages.

Language: Английский

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Global change biology: A primer

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 26(1), P. 3 - 30

Published: Oct. 30, 2019

Abstract Because of human action, the Earth has entered an era where profound changes in global environment are creating novel conditions that will be discernable far into future. One consequence may a large reduction Earth's biodiversity, potentially representing sixth mass extinction. With effective stewardship, change drivers threaten biota could alleviated, but this requires clear understanding drivers, their interactions, and how they impact ecological communities. This review identifies 10 anthropogenic discusses six (atmospheric CO 2 enrichment, climate change, land transformation, species exploitation, exotic invasions, eutrophication) biodiversity. Driver impacts on particular positive or negative. In either case, initiate secondary responses cascade along lines connection doing so magnify initial impact. The unique nature threat to biodiversity is not simply due magnitude each driver, speed novelty interactions. Emphasizing one notably problematic because other also degrade together stability biosphere. As main academic journal addressing effects living systems, GCB well positioned provide leadership solving challenge. If humanity cannot meet challenge, then serve as leading chronicle extinction occur planet Earth.

Language: Английский

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Economic costs of invasive alien species across Europe

NeoBiota, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 67, P. 153 - 190

Published: July 29, 2021

Biological invasions continue to threaten the stability of ecosystems and societies that are dependent on their services. Whilst ecological impacts invasive alien species (IAS) have been widely reported in recent decades, there remains a paucity information concerning economic impacts. Europe has strong trade transport links with rest world, facilitating hundreds IAS incursions, largely centralised decision-making frameworks. The present study is first comprehensive detailed effort quantifies costs collectively across European countries examines temporal trends these data. In addition, distributions countries, socioeconomic sectors taxonomic groups examined, as socio-economic correlates management damage costs. Total summed US$140.20 billion (or €116.61 billion) between 1960 2020, majority (60%) being damage-related impacting multiple sectors. Costs were also geographically widespread but dominated by large western central i.e. UK, Spain, France, Germany. Human population size, land area, GDP, tourism significant predictors invasion costs, additionally predicted numbers introduced species, research trade. Temporally, increased exponentially through time, up US$23.58 (€19.64 2013, US$139.56 (€116.24 extrapolated 2020. Importantly, although substantial, remain knowledge gaps several geographic scales, indicating severely underestimated. We, thus, urge improved cost reporting for coordinated international action prevent further spread mitigate populations.

Language: Английский

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Fungal community composition in soils subjected to long‐term chemical fertilization is most influenced by the type of organic matter

Environmental Microbiology, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 18(12), P. 5137 - 5150

Published: Sept. 1, 2016

Summary Organic matter application is a widely used practice to increase soil carbon content and maintain fertility. However, little known about the effect of different types organic matter, or input exogenous species from these materials, on fungal communities. In this study, community composition was characterized soils amended with three over 30‐year fertilization experiment. Chemical significantly changed structure, which exacerbated by addition direction change influenced type used. The increased richness, greatest richness achieved in pig manure. Importantly, following cow manure, taxa associated materials could be found soil, suggesting that can augment composition. Moreover, decreased relative abundance potential pathogenic fungi. Overall, results indicate influences structure communities predictable ways.

Language: Английский

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Exploring the multiple land degradation pathways across the planet

Earth-Science Reviews, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 220, P. 103689 - 103689

Published: May 25, 2021

Language: Английский

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Management priorities for marine invasive species

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 688, P. 976 - 982

Published: June 19, 2019

Managing invasive alien species is particularly challenging in the ocean mainly because marine ecosystems are highly connected across broad spatial scales. Eradication of has only been achieved when were detected early, and management responded rapidly. Generalized approaches, transferable regions, for prioritizing actions to control populations currently lacking. Here, expert knowledge was elicited prioritize 11 controlling 12 model species, distinguished by differences dispersion capacity, distribution area be managed, taxonomic identity. Each action assessed using five criteria (effectiveness, feasibility, acceptability, impacts on native communities, cost), which combined an 'applicability' metric. Raising public awareness encouraging commercial use prioritized, whereas biological considered least applicable. Our findings can guide rapid decision-making options especially at early stages invasion, reducing managers' response time critical.

Language: Английский

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Four priority areas to advance invasion science in the face of rapid environmental change

Environmental Reviews, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 29(2), P. 119 - 141

Published: Dec. 7, 2020

Unprecedented rates of introduction and spread non-native species pose burgeoning challenges to biodiversity, natural resource management, regional economies, human health. Current biosecurity efforts are failing keep pace with globalization, revealing critical gaps in our understanding response invasions. Here, we identify four priority areas advance invasion science the face rapid global environmental change. First, should strive develop a more comprehensive framework for predicting how behavior, abundance, interspecific interactions vary relation conditions receiving environments these factors govern ecological impacts invasion. A second is understand potential synergistic effects multiple co-occurring stressors— particularly involving climate change—on establishment impact species. Climate adaptation mitigation strategies will need consider possible consequences promoting species, appropriate management responses be developed. The third address taxonomic impediment. ability detect evaluate risks compromised by growing deficit expertise, which cannot adequately compensated new molecular technologies alone. Management become increasingly challenging unless academia, industry, governments train employ personnel taxonomy systematics. Fourth, recommend that internationally cooperative bridgehead dispersal networks, organisms tend invade regions from locations where they have already established. Cooperation among countries eradicate or control established yield greater benefit than independent attempts individual exclude arriving establishing.

Language: Английский

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Economic costs of biological invasions in the United States

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 806, P. 151318 - 151318

Published: Oct. 29, 2021

The United States has thousands of invasive species, representing a sizable, but unknown burden to the national economy. Given potential economic repercussions quantifying these costs is paramount importance both for economies and invasion management. Here, we used novel global database (InvaCost) quantify overall species in across spatiotemporal, taxonomic, socioeconomic scales. From 1960 2020, reported totaled $4.52 trillion (USD 2017). Considering only observed, highly reliable costs, this total cost reached $1.22 with an average annual $19.94 billion/year. These increased from $2.00 billion annually between 1969 $21.08 2010 2020. Most (73%) were related resource damages losses ($896.22 billion), as opposed management expenditures ($46.54 billion). Moreover, majority invaders terrestrial habitats ($643.51 billion, 53%) agriculture was most impacted sector ($509.55 taxonomic perspective, mammals ($234.71 billion) insects ($126.42 groups responsible greatest costs. apparent rising invasions, coupled increasing numbers current lack information known invaders, our findings provide critical policymakers managers.

Language: Английский

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