ICES Journal of Marine Science,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
79(3), P. 585 - 592
Published: Jan. 27, 2022
Abstract
Global
seaweed
carbon
sequestration
estimates
are
currently
taken
as
the
fraction
of
net
primary
production
(NPP)
exported
to
deep
ocean.
However,
this
perspective
does
not
account
for
CO2
from
consumption
external
subsidies.
Here,
we
clarify:
(i)
role
export
relative
ecosystem
(NEP)
a
closed
system
and
one
more
likely
open
subsidies;
(ii)
importance
subsidies
by
compiling
published
NEP
seaweed-dominated
ecosystems;
(iii)
discuss
their
impact
on
global
balance
other
constraints
mitigation
service.
Examples
(n
=
18)
were
sparse
variable.
Nevertheless,
average
(−4.0
mmol
C
m–2
d–1
SE
±
12.2)
suggested
that
ecosystems
source,
becoming
increasingly
heterotrophic
is
consumed.
Critically,
greenhouse
gas
emissions
was
mixed
replacement
or
baseline
states,
where
supplied
independently
organic
metabolism
atmospheric
exchange,
caution
sole
reliance
NPP.
This
will
ensure
accurate
assessment,
exceed
capacity
effective
within
compliance
trading
scheme.
Annual Review of Marine Science,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
16(1), P. 247 - 282
Published: Sept. 8, 2023
Marine
foundation
species
are
the
biotic
basis
for
many
of
world's
coastal
ecosystems,
providing
structural
habitat,
food,
and
protection
myriad
plants
animals
as
well
ecosystem
services.
However,
climate
change
poses
a
significant
threat
to
ecosystems
they
support.
We
review
impacts
on
common
marine
species,
including
corals,
kelps,
seagrasses,
salt
marsh
plants,
mangroves,
bivalves.
It
is
evident
that
have
already
been
severely
impacted
by
several
drivers,
often
through
interactive
effects
with
other
human
stressors,
such
pollution,
overfishing,
development.
Despite
considerable
variation
in
geographical,
environmental,
ecological
contexts,
direct
indirect
gradual
warming
subsequent
heatwaves
emerged
most
pervasive
drivers
observed
impact
potent
across
all
but
from
sea
level
rise,
ocean
acidification,
increased
storminess
expected
increase.
Documented
include
changes
genetic
structures,
physiology,
abundance,
distribution
themselves
their
interactions
flow-on
associated
communities,
biodiversity,
functioning.
discuss
strategies
support
into
Anthropocene,
order
increase
resilience
ensure
persistence
services
provide.
Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
97(6), P. 2127 - 2161
Published: Aug. 11, 2022
ABSTRACT
Sandy
beaches
are
iconic
interfaces
that
functionally
link
the
ocean
with
land
via
flow
of
organic
matter
from
sea.
These
cross‐ecosystem
fluxes
often
comprise
uprooted
seagrass
and
dislodged
macroalgae
can
form
substantial
accumulations
detritus,
termed
‘wrack’,
on
sandy
beaches.
In
addition,
tissue
carcasses
marine
animals
regularly
wash
up
a
rich
food
source
(‘carrion’)
for
diversity
scavenging
animals.
Here,
we
provide
global
review
how
wrack
carrion
spatial
subsidies
shape
structure
functioning
sandy‐beach
ecosystems
(sandy
adjacent
surf
zones),
which
typically
have
little
in
situ
primary
production.
We
also
examine
scaling
influence
these
processes
across
broader
land‐
seascape,
identify
key
gaps
our
knowledge
to
guide
future
research
directions
priorities.
Large
quantities
detrital
kelp
into
ecosystems,
where
microbial
decomposers
process
it.
The
rates
supply
its
retention
influenced
by
oceanographic
transport
it,
geomorphology
landscape
context
recipient
beaches,
condition,
life
history
morphological
characteristics
macrophyte
taxa
ultimate
wrack.
When
retained
beach
creates
hotspots
metabolism,
secondary
productivity,
biodiversity,
nutrient
remineralization.
Nutrients
produced
during
breakdown,
return
coastal
waters
surface
flows
(swash)
aquifers
discharging
subtidal
surf.
Beach‐cast
plays
trophic
role,
being
an
abundant
preferred
mobile,
semi‐aquatic
invertebrates
channel
imported
algal
predatory
invertebrates,
fish,
birds.
role
beach‐cast
is
likely
be
underestimated,
as
it
consumed
rapidly
highly
mobile
scavengers
(e.g.
foxes,
coyotes,
raptors,
vultures).
consumers
become
important
vectors
transferring
productivity
inland,
thereby
linking
terrestrial
ecosystems.
Whilst
deposits
underpin
range
ecosystem
functions
services,
they
at
variance
aesthetic
perceptions
resulting
widespread
activities,
such
‘beach
cleaning
grooming’.
This
practice
diminishes
energetic
base
webs,
intertidal
fauna,
biodiversity.
Global
declines
beds
forests
(linked
warming)
predicted
cause
reductions
amounts
reaching
many
causing
flow‐on
effects
webs
Similarly,
sea‐level
rise
increased
storm
frequency
alter
profoundly
physical
attributes
turn
change
retain
influxes
animal
carcasses.
Conservation
multi‐faceted
services
will
increasingly
need
encompass
greater
societal
appreciation
safeguarding
ecological
reliant
innumerable
shores
worldwide.
ICES Journal of Marine Science,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
79(3), P. 585 - 592
Published: Jan. 27, 2022
Abstract
Global
seaweed
carbon
sequestration
estimates
are
currently
taken
as
the
fraction
of
net
primary
production
(NPP)
exported
to
deep
ocean.
However,
this
perspective
does
not
account
for
CO2
from
consumption
external
subsidies.
Here,
we
clarify:
(i)
role
export
relative
ecosystem
(NEP)
a
closed
system
and
one
more
likely
open
subsidies;
(ii)
importance
subsidies
by
compiling
published
NEP
seaweed-dominated
ecosystems;
(iii)
discuss
their
impact
on
global
balance
other
constraints
mitigation
service.
Examples
(n
=
18)
were
sparse
variable.
Nevertheless,
average
(−4.0
mmol
C
m–2
d–1
SE
±
12.2)
suggested
that
ecosystems
source,
becoming
increasingly
heterotrophic
is
consumed.
Critically,
greenhouse
gas
emissions
was
mixed
replacement
or
baseline
states,
where
supplied
independently
organic
metabolism
atmospheric
exchange,
caution
sole
reliance
NPP.
This
will
ensure
accurate
assessment,
exceed
capacity
effective
within
compliance
trading
scheme.
