Climate change effects on biodiversity, ecosystems, ecosystem services, and natural resource management in the United States

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 733, P. 137782 - 137782

Published: March 11, 2020

Climate change is a pervasive and growing global threat to biodiversity ecosystems. Here, we present the most up-to-date assessment of climate impacts on biodiversity, ecosystems, ecosystem services in U.S. implications for natural resource management. We draw from 4th National Assessment summarize observed projected changes ecosystems explore linkages important services, discuss associated challenges opportunities find that species are responding through morphology behavior, phenology, geographic range shifts, these mediated by plastic evolutionary responses. Responses populations, combined with direct effects (including more extreme events), resulting widespread productivity, interactions, vulnerability biological invasions, other emergent properties. Collectively, alter benefits can provide society. Although not all negative, even positive require costly societal adjustments. Natural managers need proactive, flexible adaptation strategies consider historical future outlooks minimize costs over long term. Many organizations beginning approaches, but implementation yet prevalent or systematic across nation.

Language: Английский

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Lags in the response of mountain plant communities to climate change

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 24(2), P. 563 - 579

Published: Nov. 7, 2017

Rapid climatic changes and increasing human influence at high elevations around the world will have profound impacts on mountain biodiversity. However, forecasts from statistical models (e.g. species distribution models) rarely consider that plant community could substantially lag behind changes, hindering our ability to make temporally realistic projections for coming century. Indeed, magnitudes of lags, relative importance different factors giving rise them, remain poorly understood. We review evidence three types lag: "dispersal lags" affecting species' spread along elevational gradients, "establishment following their arrival in recipient communities, "extinction resident species. Variation lags is explained by variation among physiological demographic responses, effects altered biotic interactions, aspects physical environment. Of these, interactions contribute establishment extinction yet range dynamics are develop a mechanistic model illustrate how turnover future communities might simple expectations based shifts with unlimited dispersal. The shows combined contribution dispersal an gradient climate warming. Our simulation support view accounting disequilibrium be essential patterns biodiversity under change, implications conservation ecosystem functions they provide.

Language: Английский

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Invasive alien plants benefit more from clonal integration in heterogeneous environments than natives

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 216(4), P. 1072 - 1078

Published: Sept. 25, 2017

Summary What confers invasive alien plants a competitive advantage over native remains open to debate. Many of the world's worst are clonal and able share resources within clones (clonal integration), particularly in heterogeneous environments. Here, we tested hypothesis that integration benefits more than natives thus invasives advantage. We selected five congeneric naturally co‐occurring pairs China, grew connected disconnected ramets under light, soil nutrient water conditions commonly encountered by during their invasion into new areas. Clonal increased biomass all three resource However, benefited from natives. Consequently, produced Our results indicate may confer Therefore, differences ability could potentially explain, at least partly, success areas where heterogeneously distributed.

Language: Английский

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Global patterns of intraspecific leaf trait responses to elevation

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 25(7), P. 2485 - 2498

Published: May 6, 2019

Abstract Elevational gradients are often used to quantify how traits of plant species respond abiotic and biotic environmental variations. Yet, such analyses frequently restricted spatially applied along single slopes or mountain ranges. Since we know little on the response intraspecific leaf elevation across globe, here perform a global meta‐analysis in 109 located 4 continents reported 71 studies published between 1983 2018. We quantified change seven morpho‐ecophysiological elevational gradients: specific area (SLA), mass per (LMA), (LA), nitrogen concentration unit (N ), phosphorous (P ) carbon isotope composition (δ 13 C). found LMA, N , δ C significantly increase SLA decrease with increasing elevation. Conversely, LA P showed no significant pattern worldwide. larger warmer regions. Larger responses were apparent for herbaceous compared woody species, but not other traits. Finally, also detected evidences covariation morphological physiological within same gradient. In sum, demonstrate that there common cross‐species patterns trait variation Irrespective whether is genetically determined via local adaptation attributed phenotypic plasticity, suggest adapted live range temperature conditions. distribution biota predominantly shifting upslope changes conditions, our results important further understanding plants ecosystems adapt change.

Language: Английский

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Rapid upwards spread of non-native plants in mountains across continents

Nature Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 7(3), P. 405 - 413

Published: Jan. 26, 2023

Abstract High-elevation ecosystems are among the few worldwide that not yet heavily invaded by non-native plants. This is expected to change as species expand their range limits upwards fill climatic niches and respond ongoing anthropogenic disturbances. Yet, whether how quickly these changes happening has only been assessed in a isolated cases. Starting 2007, we conducted repeated surveys of plant distributions along mountain roads 11 regions from 5 continents. We show over 5- 10-year period, number increased on average approximately 16% per decade across regions. The direction magnitude upper limit shifts depended elevation all Supported null-model approach accounting for chance alone, found greater than upward at lower/mid elevations least seven After dependence, significant were detected further three (revealing evidence 10 regions). Together, our results environments becoming increasingly exposed biological invasions, emphasizing need monitor prevent potential biosecurity issues emerging high-elevation ecosystems.

Language: Английский

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Risks posed by invasive species to the provision of ecosystem services in Europe

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: April 10, 2024

Invasive species significantly impact biodiversity and ecosystem services, yet understanding these effects at large spatial scales remains a challenge. Our study addresses this gap by assessing the current potential future risks posed 94 invasive to seven key services in Europe. We demonstrate widespread impacts, particularly on outdoor recreation, habitat maintenance, crop provisioning, soil nitrogen retention. Exposure was higher areas with lower provision of for regulating cultural services. also high where contributions retention were their highest. Notably, regions vital currently have low invasion suitability, but face an average 77% increase area. Here we show that, while high-value service highest risk represent small fraction Europe (0-13%), they are disproportionally important conservation. underscores importance monitoring protecting hotspots align management strategies international targets, considering both vulnerability sustainability.

Language: Английский

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Human disturbance and upward expansion of plants in a warming climate

Nature Climate Change, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 7(8), P. 577 - 580

Published: July 10, 2017

Language: Английский

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Comparing temperature data sources for use in species distribution models: From in‐situ logging to remote sensing

Global Ecology and Biogeography, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 28(11), P. 1578 - 1596

Published: July 22, 2019

Abstract Aim Although species distribution models (SDMs) traditionally link occurrences to free‐air temperature data at coarse spatio‐temporal resolution, the of organisms might instead be driven by temperatures more proximal their habitats. Several solutions are currently available, such as downscaled or interpolated coarse‐grained temperatures, satellite‐measured land surface (LST) in‐situ‐measured soil temperatures. A comprehensive comparison sources and performance in SDMs is, however, lacking. Location Northern Scandinavia. Time period 1970–2017. Major taxa studied Higher plants. Methods We evaluated different (WorldClim, CHELSA, MODIS, E‐OBS, topoclimate from miniature loggers), differing spatial resolution (from 1″ 0.1°), measurement focus (free‐air, ground‐surface temperature) temporal extent (year‐long versus long‐term averages), used them fit for 50 plant with growth forms a high‐latitudinal mountain region. Results Differences between these originating overshadow effects climatic differences elevational lapse rates ranging −0.6°C per 100 m −0.2°C in‐situ Most importantly, we found that depended on species. The use improved explanatory power our ( R 2 average +16%), especially forbs graminoids +24 +21% average, respectively) compared other sources. Main conclusions suggest future studies using should dataset best reflects ecology species, rather than automatically WorldClim CHELSA.

Language: Английский

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Climate change amplifies plant invasion hotspots in Nepal

Diversity and Distributions, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 25(10), P. 1599 - 1612

Published: July 2, 2019

Abstract Aim Climate change has increased the risk of biological invasions, particularly by increasing climatically suitable regions for invasive alien species. The distribution many native and species been predicted to under future climate. We performed modelling plants (IAPs) identify hotspots current climate scenarios in Nepal, a country ranked among most vulnerable countries invasions world. Location Nepal. Methods niches 24 out total 26 reported IAPs Nepal (2050 RCP 6.0) using an ensemble models. also conducted hotspot analysis highlight geographic different climatic zones, land cover, ecoregions, physiography federal states. Results Under climate, 75% will expand contrast contraction remaining 25% IAPs. A high proportion modelled occurred on agricultural lands followed forests. In aggregation, both extent intensity (invasion hotspots) increase scenarios. invasion towards high‐elevation mountainous regions. these regions, use is rapidly transforming due development infrastructure expansion tourism trade. Main conclusions Negative impacts livelihood, biodiversity ecosystem services, as well economic loss caused future, may be amplified if preventive control measures are not immediately initiated. Therefore, management should account vulnerability change‐induced into new areas, primarily mountains.

Language: Английский

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Herbivores rescue diversity in warming tundra by modulating trait-dependent species losses and gains

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 8(1)

Published: Aug. 29, 2017

Climate warming is altering the diversity of plant communities but it remains unknown which species will be lost or gained under warming, especially considering interactions with other factors such as herbivory and nutrient availability. Here, we experimentally test effects mammalian fertilization on tundra richness investigate how functional traits affect losses gains. We show that reverses impact diversity: in presence herbivores increases through higher gains lower losses, while absence causes thus decreases richness. Herbivores promote short-statured herbivore removal increase resource-conservative light limitation. Our results demonstrate both rarity forecast gains, are essential for preventing trait-dependent extinctions mitigate loss eutrophication.Warming can reduce unclear interacting global changes. Kaarlejärvi et al. manipulate temperature, nutrients a system find maintains by reducing promoting

Language: Английский

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